Inscriptions: Horoi, Poletai Records, and Leases of Public Lands (Athenian Agora 19)

270 Pages·1991·16.844 MB·English

by  Gerald V. Lalonde, Merle K. Langdon, Michael B. Walbank

Inscriptions:Horoi,PoletaiRecords,Leasesof PublicLands
GeraldV.Lalonde;Merle K.Langdon;MichaelB.Walbank
TheAthenianAgora,Vol.19,Inscriptions:Horoi,PoletaiRecords,LeasesofPublicLands.
(1991),pp.iii-v+vii-ix+xi-xiii+1+3+5-51+53+55-143+145+147+149-207+209+211-245.
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T H E ATHENIAN AGORA
RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS
CONDUCTED BY
THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS
VOLUME XIX
INSCRIPTIONS
HOROI
BY GERALD V. LALONDE
POLETAI RECORDS
BY MERLE K. LANGDON
LEASES OF PUBLIC LANDS
BY MICHAEL B. WALBANK
THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS
PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY
1991
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData
Lalonde, Gerald V., 1938-
Inscriptions : horoi, poletai records, leases of public lands jby
Gerald V. Lalonde, Merle K. Langdon, and Michael B. Walbank
p. cm. (The Athenian Agora ;v. 19)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-87661-219-2 (acid-free paper)
1. Inscriptions, Greek-Greece-Athens. 2. Agora (Athens, Greece).
3. Athens (Greece)-Antiquities. I. Langdon, Merle K., 1945- . 11. Walbank,
Michael B., 1933- . 111. Title. IV. Series.
DF287.A23A5 vol. 19
[CN384]
938l.5 s-dc20
[938'.5]
TYPOGRAPHY BY THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES PUBLICATIONS OFFICE
C/O INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY
PLATES BY THE STINEHOUR PRESS, LUNENBURG, VERMONT
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY THE TOWN HOUSE PRESS, PITTSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA
FOREWORD
The present volume, No. XIX in the series on the Athenian Agora, is the third devoted to inscriptions on
stone. The first epigraphic volume, No. XV, The Athenian Councillors (1975) by the late Benjamin D.
Meritt and John S. Traill, contains all known epigraphic texts recording the activities of the Councillors.
No. XVII, The Funerary Monuments, by the late Donald W. Bradeen (1974), deals with all gravestones
found in the excavations.
The present volume is triple in both substance and authorship but homogeneous in that all its parts are
alike in presenting documents of civic importance. In Part I Gerald V. Lalonde publishes all the boundary
markers (horoi) found in the excavations. Only a small proportion of the stones had stood originally in the
ancient Agora; the majority, as in the case of the tombstones, had been brought into the area in late times for
re-use.
Part 11, by Merle K. Langdon, comprises all known epigraphic records of the transactions of the
Vendors (poletai), a board of civic officials responsible for the sale or lease of public and confiscated proper-
ty, the lease of mines and taxes, and the letting of contracts for public works. The majority of the stones have
been found in the excavation of the Agora where all the records were originally displayed.
In Part I11 Michael B. Walbank deals with the terms and procedure for the leasing of public and sacred
property. The responsible officials might be those appointed by the state, i.e. the Vendors, or representatives
of lesser political bodies such as demes, or spokesmen for sacred establishments such as sanctuaries. By no
means all the records of such transactions need have been set up in the Agora, but the present study is con-
fined to those inscriptions that surely had stood in the Agora and that are now to be found either in the Agora
Museum or in the Epigraphical Museum in Athens.
In keeping with the policy announced in The Athenian Agora XV, p. v, the authors of the present
volume have confined their editions to texts based on fresh autopsy with epigraphic notes and bibliography
but without translation or detailed commentary. In each part of the volume, however, the catalogue of texts
is preceded by a discussion of the theme based on all the available evidence both epigraphic and literary.
Again in line with established practice in this epigraphic series, illustration is generally confined to those
stones for which photographs are not available elsewhere, almost always in Hesperia.
The individual authors have made their personal acknowledgments to helpful colleagues and bene-
factors. Those authors in turn deserve the gratitude of the Publications Program of the Agora Excavations
for the years of back-breaking and eye-trying labor devoted to the study of these precious but sadly frag-
mented public records of ancient Athens. Equally deserving are the Editor and her staff who have made the
results of all that research so readily accessible to the reader.
The manuscripts for two more epigraphic volumes are now nearing completion: Vol. XVI, The Decrees
by Geoffrey Woodhead and Vol. XVIII, The Dedications and Imperial Letters by Daniel J.Geagan.
HOMERA. THOMPSON
Field Director (emeritus), Agora Excavations
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIOANNDS BIBLIOGRAP.HY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
I.HORObIy Gerald V.Lalonde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
PREFACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
HORO.I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
NATURAEN D PURPOSE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
CHRONOLOGIRCAANLGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
PHYSICACLHARACTERISTI.C.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
LOCATIOANND ORIENTATIO. N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
HOROOIF SANCTUAR.IE.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
HOROOIF CIVILESTABLISHMEN. T.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
HOROOIF ROAD.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
TRITTYMSARKER.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
HOROOIF GRAVESITES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
SECURITHYO RO.I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
CATALOGU(HEI -H131)
1.HOROOI F SANCTUAR(IHEIS- H24) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
2.HOROOI F CIVILE STABLISHME(NHT2S5- H31) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
3.HOROOIF ROAD(SH327H35). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.TRITTYMS ARKER(HS 36-H42) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9
5.HOROOI F UNCERTATINY PE(H43-H52) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1
6.HOROOIF GRAVESITES(H53-H72) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7.SECURITHYO RO(IH 73-Hl30) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
M~zonz~OzIK OY(H 73-H77) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8
A~OTIMHM~APOIKOZ(H78-H83) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
~PAZIZEn1 AYZEI(H84-Hl13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Y~OKEIMEENnH1 A YZEI(H114) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7
ANTICHRES(HISI 15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
UNCERTATINY PE(H I1 6-Hl30) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 8
8.ADDENDU(HM1 31) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1
11. POLETARIE CORDbSy Merle K. L angdon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
PREFACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
POLETARIECORDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
CONFISCATPERDOPERT.Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
MININGLEASES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
CONTRACATNSD TAXE.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
THEP OLETERION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
HISTOROYF THE POLETAI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
CATALOG(UPEI-P56) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
APPENDI(XP A1-PA8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
...
vlll TABLE OF CONTENTS
I11.LEASEOSF PUBLILCA NDSby Michael B. Walbank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PREFACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LEASEOSF PUBLICLA NDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
THELEASINOGF PUBLICLA NDSIN ATTICAAND IN TERRITORCIOENST ROLLBEYD A THENS. .
THEEPIGRAPHEICV IDENCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ORIGINS PUBLICLOYW NEDLA ND.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OF
CATEGORIEOSF OWNERSHOIFP P UBLILCA NDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TYPEOSF RECORD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HISTOROYF THE LEASINOGF PUBLILCA NDISN ATTICAAND IN TERRITORCIOENST ROLLED
BY ATHENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . .
TERMOSF LEASESD:ATESOF INCEPTIOANN D PAYMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONDITIOONFS THE LEASES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RENEWALS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RESTRICTIONONS LEASING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ASSESSMENOTF THE RENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
THEPROCESOSF LEASINAGN D THE REGISTRATIOONF LEASEOSF STATE-OWNPERDO PERTI.ES
HOROI OTHERE VIDENCE TITLE LEASEHOLPDR OPERTI.ES. . . . . . . . . .
OR OF TO
LEASINOGF PUBLILCANDDSURING THE ROMANERA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CATALOGU(LEl -L15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX(LA1-LA8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATES
1. HOROHI:I, H2, H5, H8, H21-H23
2. HOROHI:25, H26, H28, H30, H31 A and B
3. HOROHI:32, H34, H35
4. HOROHI:39, H40, H48, H49 A and B, H50-H52
5. HOROHI:54-H56, H63, H65, H66
6. HOROHI:69, H71, H72, H77, H82, H92
7. HOROHI:112, H114, H115, H119, H120, HI30
8. POLETARIE CORDPS5:
9. POLETAREI CORDPSI8:
10. POLETARIE CORDPS27: b
11. POLETAREI CORDPS4:3 a A and B, P43 b B, P46
12. POLETARIE CORDPS5:1 , PA4, PA5
13. POLETARIE CORDPSA: 6, PA7
14. LEASEOSF PUBLILCA NDLS5:, L15, LA2
15. LEASEOSF PUBLILCA NDLSA: 3-LA5
16.LEASEOSF PUBLILCA NDLSA:6-LA8
ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
AA =Archaologischer Anzeiger
Agora =The Athenian Agora, Results of Excavations Conducted by the American School ofClassica1 Studies at Athens,
Princeton
I11 =R. E. Wycherley, Literary and Epigraphical Testimonia, 1957
VIII =E. T.H . Brann, Late Geometric and Protoattic Pottery, Mid 8th to Late 7th Century B.C., 1962
XIV =H. A. Thompson and R. E. Wycherley, The Agora ofAthens, 1972
XVI =A. G.Woodhead, Inscriptions. The Decrees, in preparation
Agora Guide3= H. A. Thompson, The Athenian Agora, A Guide to the Excauation and Museum, 3rd ed., Athens 1976
AJA =American Journal of Archaeology
AM =Mitteilungen des deutschen archaologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung
ANSMN =American Numismatic Society Museum Notes
Ath. Pol. =The Aristotelian Athenaion Politeia
Attische Pachturkunden =D. Behrend, Attische Pachturkunden (Vestigia XII), Munich 1970
AZ =Archaologische Zeitung
BABesch =Bulletin antieke beschaving
BCH =Bulletin de correspondance helle'nique
Brann. See Agora VIII.
BSA = The Annual ofthe British School at Athens
CIG =Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum I, Berlin 1828, edited by August Boeckh
ClMed =Classica et mediaeualia. Revue danoise de philologie et d'histoire
CSCA =California Studies in Classical Antiquity
Curtius, Stadtgeschichte =E. Curtius, Die Stadtgeschichte uon Athen, Berlin 1891
Davies, Athenian Propertied Families =J.K . Davies, Athenian Propertied Families 600-300 B.C., Oxford 1971
A c h=~ '~p~aroho~Ar~chbrvio v
Dittenberger, S~ll=. W~ .D ittenberger, Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum, 3rd ed., Leipzig 1915-1924
Eliot, Coastal Demes =C. W.J . Eliot, Coastal Demes ofAttika, A Study ofthe Policy of Kleisthenes (Phoenix, Supple-
ment V),T oronto 1962
'E$'ApX = 'E$qPcpls 'APxat~hoyr~~
"Epyov =Tb "Epyov T$S 'ApXarohoyr~$s 'Etarpcias
FGH =F. Jacoby, Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker, Berlin 1923-1930; Leiden 1940-1958
Fine =J. V.A . Fine, Horoi. Studies in Mortgage, Real Security, and Land Tenure in Ancient Athens (Hesperia,
Suppl. IX), Princeton 1951
Finley =M. I. Finley, Studies in Land and Credit in Ancient Athens, 500-200 B.C. The Horos-Inscriptions, New
Brunswick, New Jersey 1951
GaR =Greece and Rome
GRBS = Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies
Glotz, La solidarite' =G. Glotz, La solidarite' de la famille duns le droit criminel en GrBce, Paris 1904
Guarducci=M. Guarducci, Epigraja greca, I1 and 111, Rome 1969 and 1974
xii ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hansen, Apagoge =M. H. Hansen, Apagoge, Endeixis and Ephegesis against Kakourgoi, Atimoi and Pheugontes
(Odense University Classical Studies 8), Odense 1976
Harrison, The Law ofAthens: Procedure =A. R. W. Harrison, The Law of Athens: Procedure, Oxford 1971
Hesperia, Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Suppl. I1 =R. S. Young, Late Geometric Graves and a Seventh Century Well in the Agora, with an Appendix on the
Skeletal Remains by J. Lawrence Angel, Athens 1939
Suppl. IV =H. A. Thompson, The Tholos ofAthens and Its Predecessors, Baltimore 1940
Suppl. VIII =Commemorative Studies in Honor of Theodore Leslie Shear, Princeton 1949
Suppl. IX. See Fine.
Suppl. XIV =J. S. Traill, The Political Organization of Attica: A Study of the Demes, Trittyes, and Phylai, and
Their Representation in the Athenian Council, Princeton 1975
Suppl. XV =S. V. Tracy, The Lettering of an Athenian Mason, Princeton 1975
Suppl. XIX =Studies in Attic Epigraphy, History and Topography Presented to Eugene Vanderpool, Princeton
1982
R. J. Hopper, "The Attic Silver Mines in the Fourth Century B.C.," BSA 48, 1953, pp. 200-254
,"The Laurion Mines: A Reconsideration," BSA 63, 1968, pp. 293-326
, Trade and Industry in Classical Greece, London 1979
IG I =Inscriptiones Graecae, I, Inscriptiones Atticae Euclidis anno uetustiores, Berlin 1873, edited by A. Kirchhoff
IG I1 =Inscriptiones Graecae, 11, Inscriptiones Atticae aetatis quae est inter Euclidis annum et Augusti tempora, Parts
1-5, Berlin 1877-1895, edited by U. Koehler with indexes by J. Kirchner
IG VII =Inscriptiones Graecae, VII, Inscriptiones Megaridis et Boeotiae, Berlin 1892, edited by W. Dittenberger
IG XI1 7 =Inscriptiones Graecae, XII, Part 7, Inscriptiones Amorgi et insularum vicinarum, Berlin 1908, edited by
J. Delamarre
IG XI1 8 =Inscriptiones Graecae, XII, Part 8, Inscriptiones insularum maris Thracici, Berlin 1909, edited by
K. Fredrich
IG XIV =Inscriptiones Graecae, XIV, Inscriptiones Siciliae et Italiae, additis Graecis Galliae, Hispaniae, Britanniae,
Germaniae inscriptionibus, Berlin 1890, edited by G. Kaibel and A. Lebkgue
IG 12= Inscriptiones Graecae, I, editio minor: Inscriptiones Atticae Euclidis anno anteriores, Berlin 1924, edited by
F. Hiller von Gaertringen
IG 112= Inscriptiones Graecae, 11-111, editio minor: Inscriptiones Atticae Euclidis anno posteriores, Berlin 1913-1940,
edited by J. Kirchner
IG IV2 1 =Inscriptiones Graecae, IV, editio minor, Part 1: Inscriptiones Epidauri, Berlin 1929, edited by F. Hiller von
Gaertringen
IG IX2 1 =Inscriptiones Graecae, IX, editio minor, Part 1: Inscriptiones Aetoliae, Berlin 1932, edited by G. Klaffen-
bach
IG 13=Inscriptiones Graecae, I, editio tertia: Inscriptiones Atticae Euclidis anno anteriores, Fasc. I, Berlin 1981,
edited by D. M. Lewis
JdI =Jahrbuch des deutschen archaologischen Instituts
JHS =Journal of Hellenic Studies
Judeich, Topographie2 =W. Judeich, Topographic von Athen, 2nd ed., Munich 1931
Lauter =H. Lauter, "Zwei Horos-Inschriften bei Vari," AA (JdZ97) 1982, pp. 299-315
LSJ =H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, and H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon, 9th ed., Oxford 1940
Kent =J. H. Kent, "The Temple Estates of Delos, Rheneia, and Mykonos," Hesperia 17, 1948, pp. 243-338
Kerameikos =Kerameikos, Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen
I =W. Kraiker and K. Kiibler, Die Nekropolen des 12. bis 10.Jahrhunderts, Berlin 1939
I11 =W. Peek, Inschriften, Ostraka, Fluchtafeln, Berlin 1941
Meiggs and Lewis =R. Meiggs and D. M. Lewis, A Selection of Greek Historical Inscriptions to the End ofthe Fifth
Century B.C., Oxford 1969
Milanges Glotz I1 =Milanges Gustaue Glotz 11, Paris 1932
Miller, "Horoi" =Stephen G. Miller, "Mortgage Horoi from the Athenian Agora," Hesperia 41, 1972, pp. 274-281
...
ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Xlll
Osborne, "Social and Economic Implicationsn =R. Osborne, "Social and Economic Implications of the Leasing of
Land and Property in Classical and Hellenistic Greece," Chiron 18, 1988, pp. 279-323
npa~ri~=d npa~ri~rijhs zv '~d$vais'A pXaiohoyi~ijs'E raipcias
Raubitschek, Dedications =Dedications from the Athenian Akropolis, edited by A. E. Raubitschek, Cambridge, Mass.
1949
RE =Paulys Realencyclopaedie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, Neue Bearbeitung, revised by G.Wissowa,
Stuttgart 1894-1972
Rhodes, Commentary =P. J. Rhodes, A Commentary on the Aristotelian Athenaion Politeia, Oxford 1981
SEG =Supplementum Epigraphicurn Graecum
Siewert, P., Die Trittyen Attikas und die Heeresreform des Kleisthenes (Vestigia XXXIII), Munich 1982
SitzAkadBerlin =Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historische Klasse
SymbOsl =Symbolae Osloenses
Thompson. See Agora XIV; Agora Guide3; and Hesperia, Suppl. IV.
Threatte, L., The Grammar of Attic Inscriptions I, Berlin 1980
Traill, Demos and Trittys =J. S. Traill, Demos and Trittys: Epigraphical and Topographical Studies in the Organi-
zation ofAttica, Toronto 1986
See also Hesperia, Suppl. XIV.
Travlos, PDA =J. Travlos, Pictorial Dictionary ofAncient Athens, London 1971
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, U, von, Aristoteles und Athen 1-11, Berlin 1893
Wilhelm, "Attische Pachturkundenn =A. Wilhelm, "Attische Pachturkunden," Archivhr Papyrusforschung 11,1935,
pp. 189-217
Wilhelm, Beitrage =A. Wilhelm, Beitrage zur griechischen Inschriftenkunde (Sonderschriften des osterreichischen
archaologischen Institutes in Wien VII), Vienna 1909
Wycherley, R. E., How the Greeks Built Cities, 2nd ed., London 1962
See also Agora 111.
Young. See Hesperia, Suppl. 11.
ZPE =Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik