Inorganic Chemistry of the Main-Group Elements Volume 3 A review of the literature published between September 1973 and September 1974

550 Pages·1976·27.088 MB·English

by  C C Addison

A Specialist Periodical Report
Inorganic Chemistry of
the Main-group
Elements
Volume 3
A Review of the Literature Published between
September 1973 and September 1974
Senior Reporter
C. C. Addison
Reporters
M. G. Barker
G. Davidson
M. F. A. Dove
P. G. Harrison
P. Hubberstey
A. Morris
R. J. Pulham
D. B. Sowerby
All of: Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham
@ Copyright 1976
The Chemical Society
Burlington House, London WIV OBN
ISBN 0 85186 772 3
ISSN 0305-697X
Library of Congress Catalog Card No 72-95098
Filmset in Northern Ireland at The Universities Press, Belfast
Printed by photolithography, and bound in Great Britain at
The Pitman Press, Bath
Preface
The general layout of Volume 3 follows closely that which has been
successful in the first two volumes, so that discussion of the elements takes
place in eight chapters. Each chapter is concerned with one of the Main
Groups of the Periodic Table, and the volume is again written by members
of the Department of Chemistry in the University of Nottingham.
Volume 2 was larger than Volume 1, and there are so many current
topics of interest that it would have been easy, on scientific grounds alone,
to continue this expansion. However, other factors, largely economic, now
arise which require that future volumes should be limited in size, and in
consequence Volume 3 is appreciably smaller than Volume 2. This has been
achieved to a small extent by treating groups of references together in
tables and lists, but to a greater extent by considering carefully the amount
of physical data which is appropriate to this particular Report, and limiting
such data to the minimum necessary to illustrate the property under
discussion. More important still, the authors are no longer able to claim that
their articles are comprehensive. Instead, we have attempted to include all
themes of current interest, and hope that it will be possible to deal with
items which are at present chemically isolated, by back reference in a future
volume.
The authors have also discussed whether there are any general trends
which have become apparent. Although there are variations from Group to
Group, there is an overall impression that the quantity of worthwhile
published research in the area of Main-group chemistry has diminished
somewhat during the past year.
C. C. Addison.
...
111

Con tents
Chapter 1 Elements of Group I 1
By R. J. Pulham
1 Introduction 1
2 TheAlkaliMetals 1
3 Alloys and Intermetallic Compounds 7
4 Solvation of Alkali-metal Ions 9
Aqueous Solvation 9
Non-aqueous Solvation 13
5 Compounds containing Organic Molecules or
Complex Ions 17
6 Alkali-metal Oxides 35
7 Alkali-metal Halides 38
8 Lithium Compounds 42
9 Sodium Compounds 46
10 Potassium Compounds 51
11 Rubidium Compounds 53
12 Caesium Compounds 54
13 Molten Salts 55
Nitrates 56
Halides 57
Chapter 2 Elements of Group II 64
By R. J. Pulharn
1 Beryllium 64
2 Magnesium 70
3 Calcium 79
V
vi Contents
4 Strontium 86
5 Barium 89
Chapter 3 Elements of Group Ill 95
By G. Davidson
1 Boron 95
General 95
Boranes 96
Borane Anions and Metallo-derivatives 100
Carbaboranes 106
Metallo-carbaboranes 116
Compounds containing B-C Bonds 129
Aminoboranes and Other Compounds contain-
ing B-N Bonds 131
Compounds containing B-P Bonds 136
Compounds containing B-0 Bonds 138
Compounds containing B-S or B-Se Bonds 143
Boron Halides 145
Boron-containing Heterocycles 150
Metal Borides 158
2 Aluminium 159
General 159
Aluminium Hydrides 160
Compounds containing A1-C Bonds 161
Compounds containing A1-N or Al-P Bonds 163
Compounds containing A1-0, AI-S, or
AI-Se Bonds 165
Aluminium Halides 172
3 Gallium 175
General 175
Gallium Hydrides 175
Compounds containing Ga-C Bonds 176
Compounds containing Ga-N, Ga-P, or
Ga-As Bonds 176
Compounds containing Ga-0 or Ga-S Bonds 177
Gallium Halides 179
Other Gallium Compounds 180
4 Indium 181
General 181
Compounds containing Bonds between In and
Group VI Atoms 181
Contents vii
Indium Halides 183
Other Indium Compounds 183
5 Thallium 184
Thallium(n1) Compounds 184
Thallium(1) Compounds 185
Other Thallium Compounds 188
Chapter 4 Elements of Group IV 190
By P. G. Harrison and P. Hubberstey
1 Carbon 190
Carbon Allotropes 191
Structural Studies 193
Chemical Studies 195
Graphite Intercalation Compounds 197
Alkali Metals 198
Halogens, Halides, and Oxides 199
Methane and its Substituted Derivatives 201
Theoretical Studies 20 1
Structural Studies 202
Spectroscopic Studies 205
Chemical Studies 207
Formaldehyde and its Substituted Derivatives 212
Formaldehyde, Carbonyl Halides, etc. 212
Formic Acid and Formates 215
Derivatives of Group VI Elements 215
Oxides, Sulphides, and Related Species 215
Carbonates, Thiocarbonates, and Related
Anions 220
Derivatives of Group V Elements 223
Cyanogen, Cyanides, Cyanates, and Related
Species 223
2 Silicon Germanium, Tin, and Lead 226
Hydrides of Silicon, Germanium, and Tin 226
Silicon Solid-state Chemistry 229
Silicon Dioxide 229
Silicates 232
Germanium(rv), Tin(rv), and Leaduv) Oxides,
and Related Germanates and Stannates 240
Molecular Silicon(rv)-, Germanium(1v)-,
Tin(Iv)-, and Lead(rv)-Oxygen Compounds 24 1
Oxides 241
Alkoxides and Related Derivatives 243
Carboxylates and Oxy-acid Derivatives 249
...
Contents
v111
Halides of Silicon, Germanium, Tin, and Lead 25 1
Pseudohalide Derivatives of Silicon, Ger-
manium, Tin, and Lead 258
Sulphur and Selenium Derivatives of Silicon,
Germanium, Tin, and Lead 259
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Derivatives of Silicon,
Germanium, and Tin 264
Derivatives of Silicon, Germanium, Tin, and
Lead containing Bonds to Main-group Metals 275
Derivatives of Silicon, Germanium, Tin, and
Lead containing Bonds to Transition Metals 280
Bivalent Derivatives of Silicon, Germanium,
Tin, and Lead 294
Unstable Silylenes and Germylenes 294
Halogen Derivatives 295
Oxygen Derivatives 298
Sulphur Derivatives 303
Nitrogen Derivatives 305
Interactions of Bivalent Germanium and Tin
Compounds with Transition-metal Deriva-
tives 305
3 Intermetallic Phases 309
Binary Systems 309
Ternary Systems 311
Chapter 5 Elements of Group V 314
By A. Morris and D. €3. Sowerby
1 Nitrogen 314
Elementary Nitrogen 3 14
Bonds to Hydrogen 316
NH and NH2 Species 3 16
NH, 316
NH: 318
NH,OH and Derivatives 318
N2H2a nd its Derivatives 320
N,H, and Derivatives 321
Bonds to Nitrogen 323
hides 323
Other Species 325
Bonds to Oxygen 325
N*O 326
NO 326
NOz-NzO, 327