Innovations in Flotation Technology

533 Pages·1992·16.97 MB·English

by  R. J. Pugh, E. Manev (auth.), P. Mavros, K. A. Matis (eds.)

Innovations in Flotation Technology
NATO ASI Series
Advanced SCience Institutes Series
A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee,
which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge,
with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities.
The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the
NATO Scientific Affairs Division
A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation
B Physics London and New York
C Mathematical Kluwer Academic Publishers
and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston an<:J London
D Behavioural and Social Sciences
E Applied Sciences
F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag
G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London,
H Cell Biology Paris and Tokyo
I Global Environmental Change
NATO-PCO-DATA BASE
The electronic index to the NATO ASI Series provides full bibliographical references
(with keywords and/or abstracts) to more than 30000 contributions from international
scientists published in all sections of the NATO ASI Series.
Access to the NATO-PCO-DATA BASE is possible in two ways:
- via online FILE 128 (NATO-PCO-DATA BASE) hosted by ESRIN,
Via Galileo Galilei, 1-00044 Frascati, Italy.
- via CD-ROM "NATO-PCO-DATA BASE" with user-friendly retrieval software in
English, French and German (©WTV GmbH and DATAWARE Technologies Inc.
1989).
The CD-ROM can be ordered through any member of the Board of Publishers or
through NATO-PCO, Overijse, Belgium.
Series E: Applied Sciences -Vol. 208
Innovations in
Flotation Technology
edited by
P. Mavros
and
K.A. Matis
Department of Chemistry,
Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
Innovations in Flotation Technology
Kallithea, Chalkidiki, Greece
12-25 May, 1991
ISBN 978-94-010-5175-0 ISBN 978-94-011-2658-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2658-8
AII Rights Reserved
©Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1992
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1992
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1992
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo
copying, record ing or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written
permission from the copyright owner.
To Lina, Panayotis and Thanos
CONTENTS
Preface ix
1 . Fundamentals
1.1. The Study of Thin Aqueous Films as Models for Froths and Flotation
R.J. Pugh and E. Manev
1.2. The Mechanisms of Collector Adsorption-Abstraction (Ionic and Non-Ionic
Surfactants) on Heterogeneous Surfaces 25
f.M. Cases and F. Villieras
1.3. Electrochemistry in the Plant 57
S.R. Rao, G. Labonte and f.A. Finch
1.4. Flocculation of Fine Particles 101
f. Gregory
1.5. Applied Mineralogy and Materials Balancing Procedures. Evaluations
of Flotation Concentrators 125
W.Petruk
1.6. Liberation by Size Reduction. Consequences and Improvements
on Flotation Kinetics 149
M.R. MachadfJ Leite
1.7. Elements of Physically-Based Modelling of the Flotation Process 171
HJ. Schulze
2. Chemical Technology Aspects
2. 1 . Flotation Kinetics 183
C.Ek
2.2. Mixing and Hydrodynamics in Flotation Cells 211
P.Mavros
2.3. Case Studies of Flotation Control 235
D.J. McKee
2.4. Mineral Surface Complexation in Flotation 263
Z.-X. Sun and W. Forsling
2.5. Amide-Based Technologies in Flotation and Hydrometallurgy of Precious Metals 283
St. Gaidarjiev and S. Spassova
2.6. Determination of Floatability Data using the EmDee Microflot Method 291
M.W. Chudacek
2.7. Froth Flotation Kinetics -Theory and Model Experiments 295
B. Radoev and L. Alexandrova
viii
2.8 Electrolytic Flotation 301
KA. Matis
3 . Mineral Processing
3.1. Features and Flotation of Complex Cu-Pb-Zn Sulphides 3fJ7
I. Bayraktar, UA. Ipekoglu and R. Tolun
3.2. Interactions of Anionic Collectors in Flotation of Semi-Soluble Salt Minerals 331
K. Hanumantha Rao and K.S.E. Forssberg
3.3. Flotation of Salt-Type Minerals 357
G.P. Gallios and KA. Matis
3.4. Vibroacoustic Improvements of Froth Flotation 383
St. Stoev, L. Kuzev, M. Metodiev and Sht. Djendova
3.5. The Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration (IGME) of Greece and its
Research Activities on Flotation 400
D.MaUiaris
3.6. The Influence of Multivalent Cations on the Floatability of Scheelite, Fluorite
and Calcite 419
S. Raatz
3.7. Non-Cyanide Technology for the Flotation of Lead-Zinc Ores 427
V. Panayotov
4. Water and Wastewater Treatment
4.1. Flotation in Water Treatment 431
Th.F. Zabel
4.2. Mechanism of Selective Ion Flotation 455
WI. Walkowiak
4.3. Flotation Techniques in Waste Water Treatment 475
A.l. Zouboulis, KA. Matis and G.A. Stalidis
4.4. Flotation of Pigments and Inks from Waste Paper 499
B. Dobias, W. Klar and K. Schwinger
4.5. A Case Study of Flotation Applied to an Edible Oil Factory Wastewater 513
A. Tarkman, F. Sengiil and N. Ozel
4.6. The Need for Advanced Treatment of Storm water Run-<>ff 521
from Separate Sewer Systems
R. Pfeifer and H.H. Hahn
List of Contributors 527
List of Participants 528
Index 533
PREFACE
The present book is the outcome of an Advanced Study Institute meeting, which was held in
Kallithea, Chalkidiki, in Northern Greece, from 12-25 May 1991 and attended by 69 delegates
from 18 countries.
The Institute brought together scientists, engineers and technologists currently involved in
basic and applied research on the different aspects of flotation. The Institute covered subjects in
four major areas of flotation:
a) fundamentals;
b) chemical technology aspects;
c) mineral processing; and
d) water and wastewater treatment.
Apart from the papers reproduced in this volume, several short oral communications were also
presented. Participants also had the opportunity to visit the Hellenic Chemical Products &
Fertilizers Co. Ltd. mixed sulphides plant, in Chalkidiki.
Conference participants, whose interest and research projects are in this broad field of science
and engineering, provided a well-informed discussion of the problems encountered, as well as
possible directions of future technological developments. It is hoped that this book is not only a
good record of the presentations made (formal and informal), analyzing the state-of-the-art in
flotation, but will also be helpful for students, scientists and technologists working in the fields of
separation processes and in particular mineral processing and wastewater engineering.
All the invited speakers and the participants made this summer school possible, worthwhile
and enjoyable. The sponsorship by the NATO Scientific Affairs Division is gratefully ack
nowledged. The Editors would like to thank the members of the Organizing Committee, Dr. B.A.
Wills for his advice at the early preparative stages, and Professor C. Ek for his help throughout
the Institute. Many thanks are also due to the members of the Laboratory of General & Inorganic
Chemical Technology (Department of Chemistry at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki),
namely Ms. A. Daniilidou and Messrs. C.A. Kydros and N.K. Lazaridis for their tireless effort.
Last but certainly not least, the help of Ms. V. Paraschiakou and Ms. D. Zamboulis in the prepara
tion of this book and the linguistic correlations of Ms. C. Scleparis are gratefully acknowledged.
Thessaloniki, September 1991
The Editors
ix
1. Fundamentals
1.1. THE STUDY OF THIN AQUEOUS FILMS AS MODELS FOR FROTHS
AND FLOTATION
R.I. PUGH and E. MANEyl
Institute for Surface Chemistry
Box 5607
S-1l486 Stockholm
Sweden
ABSTRACT. Thin liquid films playa significant role as basic structural elements of many
disperse systems (foams, froths, emulsions, etc.) as well as in processes of major industrial impor
tance, such as flotation. The stability of thin liquid films from aqueous surfactant solutions is of
primary interest for froth generation as well as the contact formation between air bubbles and
mineral particles.
The importance of thin aqueous films as models for studying the fundamental behaviour of
these mineral processing operations is discussed. The characteristic properties of the aqueous film
is described and the experimental techniques developed to measure film thickness, stability and
intermolecular interactions are reviewed.
1. Introduction
Studies of thin aqueous films sandwiched between other phases which may be similar or dissimilar
(such as gases, bulk minerals or organic fluids) can contribute towards a fundamental understan
ding of the interfacial behaviour occurring in mineral processing. These films are usually stabilised
or destabilised by surfactants. They are important since they model various types of dispersed
systems and can be utilised for systematic studies on stability.
They may be classified into the following groups:
(a) free aqueous films sandwiched on both sides by vapour. These films model froths and foam
systems and the stability is controlled by the adsorption of frother at the vapour/solution
interface.
(b) aqueous wetting films sandwiched between macroscopic mineral phases. This system models
minerals dispersions where the stability is controlled by the adsorption of collector or
dispersant at the mineral/solution interface.
(c) aqueous films sandwiched on both sides by an organic liquid. This system models oil in water
emulsions.
(d) aqueous wetting films surrounded on one side by a vapour phase and the other side by a
mineral phase. In this case the solid/aqueous solution and vapour/aqueous solution interfaces
1 Visiting Scientist from the Dept. of Physical Chemistry, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
P. Mavros and K. A. Matis (eds.), Innovations in Flotation Technology, 1-24.
© 1992 Kluwer Academic Publishers.