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Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystems: An Evolutionary Vision in the Creation of Local Ecosystems PDF

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Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management Israel Patiño-Galván Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystems An Evolutionary Vision in the Creation of Local Ecosystems Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management Series Editor Elias G. Carayannis, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA This series highlights emerging research and practice at the dynamic intersection of innovation, technology, and knowledge management, where individuals, organizations, industries, regions, and nations are harnessing creativity and invention to achieve and sustain growth. Volumes in the series explore the impact of innovation at the "macro" (economies, markets), "meso" (industries, firms), and "micro" levels (teams, individuals), drawing from such related disciplines as finance, organizational psychology, R&D, science policy, information systems, and strategy, with the underlying theme that in order for innovation to be useful it must involve the sharing and application of knowledge. This book series is indexed in Scopus. Israel Patiño-Galván Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystems An Evolutionary Vision in the Creation of Local Ecosystems Israel Patiño-Galván Department of Accounting and Administration Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México, Mexico ISSN 2197-5698 ISSN 2197-5701 (electronic) Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management ISBN 978-3-031-24516-9 ISBN 978-3-031-24517-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24517-6 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland The development of this work is dedicated to Ambar Yotzin, mom Gloria, and my aunt Florecita. Thanks to my family for the motivation, in particular my brothers Laura, Paco, and Mary, and my nephews Hazel, Joselyn, Esmeralda, and Rubén. Preface This work seeks to offer an alternative for the creation and evolution of local inno- vation and entrepreneurship ecosystems, taking advantage of the resources and infrastructure of universities as the main source of infrastructure through an entity that operates and is the leader of the ecosystem. To have the possibility of taking advantage of and directing the talent of citizens so that they generate new and sus- tainable Startups, which collaborate with the growth and development of existing companies; so that together with the rest of the stakeholders of the ecosystem they promote its evolution, generating as a result the sustainable social and economic development of the locality. However, it is important to generate solid foundations in the creation of the ecosystem that allows its permanence and evolution, identify- ing and projecting the necessary resources in the long term, identifying its natural and social wealth, and seeking care for the environment, create and development the culture of entrepreneurship, ensure the commitment to freedom of creativity and search for solutions with social responsibility. Ecatepec de Morelos, Mexico Israel Patiño-Galván vii Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Context of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . 3 2.1 What Is an Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem? . . . . . . . . 3 2.2 Components, Typologies, and Characteristics of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2.1 Ecosystem Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2.2 Typologies and Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.2.3 Typologies of Ecosystems Focused on Leadership . . . . . . . 19 2.2.4 Typologies of Ecosystems According to Their Spatial Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.3 Ecosystems of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in the World . . . . 22 2.4 Past, Present, and Future of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.5 Entities That Operate the Ecosystem of Innovation and Entrepreneurship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2.6 The Role of Universities in Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 2.6.1 Universities as the First Helix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 2.6.2 The Role of Governments as a Second Helix . . . . . . . . . . . 56 2.6.3 The Role of Companies as a Third Helix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 2.7 Success Factors and Criteria in Innovation Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . 59 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 3 Phase 1. Birth of the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 3.1 Stage I. Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 3.1.1 Define the Mission and Vision of the Entity That Will Operate the Ecosystem (EOE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 3.1.2 Research of the Current State of the Town . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 3.1.3 Develop the Objectives, Goals, Strategies, and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 ix x Contents 3.1.4 Organizational Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 3.1.5 Ecosystem Activity Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 3.2 Stage II. Funding Sources without Return of Investment . . . . . . . . 128 3.3 Stage III. Call and Reception of Entrepreneurship Projects . . . . . . 134 3.4 Stage IV. Evaluation and Selection of Entrepreneurship Projects . . 134 3.5 Stage V. Implementation and Startup of Entrepreneurship Projects 142 3.6 Stage VI. Phase 1 Closure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 4 Phase 2. Evolution of the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 4.1 Stage I. Sources of Financing with Return on Investment . . . . . . . . 151 4.2 Stage II. Call, Reception, and Selection of Enterprises . . . . . . . . . . 159 4.3 Stage III. Investment/Funding Rounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 4.4 Stage IV. Phase 2 Closure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 5.1 Expected Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 5.2 Future Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 5.3 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 5.4 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 About the Author Israel Patiño-Galván received his Bachelor’s degrees in Computer Science and SME Management from Technological of Higher Studies from Ecatepec, Mexico and Open and Distance University of Mexico, Mexico; PhD degrees in Administrative Sciences and Computer Systems from National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico and Da Vinci University, Mexico, respectively; Master of Science degree from National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico; and Master of Computer Systems degree from Technological of Higher Studies from Ecatepec, Mexico. In relation to the Work Experience, it is presented in five blocks: Professional, Academic, Research, Social, and Entrepreneurship. In the Professional, he has been Scrum Master, Project Manager, Systems Developer, Coordinator, and Information Technologies (IT) Manager in the public and private sector. In Academic experience, has taught administration, accounting, innovation, statistics and probability, information technology, and undergradu- ate and graduate programming languages, collaborated as coordinator and president of graduate school, and participated in the design and updating of undergradu- ate and graduate courses. Regarding Research, has specialized in the lines of research on innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystems, application of Information Technologies and Intelligent Systems in public and private administration, and whose results have been published in articles, books, national confer- ences and international; he collaborates on editorial boards and is a reviewer of articles in scientific and technological journals; he participates as an evaluating xi

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