Table Of Content

INFORMATION MODELLING AND KNOWLEDGE BASES XIV Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications Series Editors: J. Breuker, R. Lopez de Mdntaras, M. Mohammadian, S. Ohsuga and W. Swartout Volume 94 Recently published in this series: Vol. 93. K. Wang, Intelligent Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis Systems - A Computational Intelligence Vol. 92. V. Kashyap and L. Shklar (Eds.), Real World Semantic Web Applications Vol. 91. F. Azevedo, Constraint Solving over Multi-valued Logics - Application to Digital Circuits Vol. 90. In preparation Vol. 89. T. Bench-Capon et al. (Eds.), Legal Knowledge and Information Systems - JURIX 2002: The Fifteenth Annual Conference Vol.88. In preparation Vol. 87. A. Abraham et al. (Eds.), Soft Computing Systems - Design, Management and Applications Vol. 86. R.S.T. Lee and J.H.K. Liu, Invariant Object Recognition based on Elastic Graph Matching — Theory and Applications Vol. 85. J.M. Abe and J.I. da Silva Filho (Eds), Advances in Logic, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics - LAPTEC 2002 Vol. 84. H. Fujita and P. Johannesson (Eds.), New Trends in Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques - Proceedings of Lyee_W02 Vol. 83. V. Loia (Ed.), Soft Computing Agents - A New Perspective for Dynamic Information Systems Vol. 82. E. Damiani et al. (Eds.), Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information Engineering Systems and Allied Technologies - KES 2002 Vol. 81. J.A. Leite, Evolving Knowledge Bases - Specification and Semantics Vol. 80. T. Welzer et al. (Eds.), Knowledge-based Software Engineering - Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Knowledge-based Software Engineering Vol. 79. H. Motoda (Ed.), Active Mining - New Directions of Data Mining Vol. 78. T. Vidal and P. Liberatore (Eds.), STAIRS 2002 - STarting Artificial Intelligence Researchers Symposium Vol. 77. F. van Harmelen (Ed.), ECAI 2002 - 15th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence Vol. 76. P. Sincak et al. (Eds.), Intelligent Technologies - Theory and Applications Vol. 75. I.F. Cruz et al. (Eds.), The Emerging Semantic Web - Selected Papers from the first Semantic Web Working Symposium Vol. 74. M. Blay-Fornarino et al. (Eds.), Cooperative Systems Design - A Challenge of the Mobility Age Vol. 73. H. Kangassalo et al. (Eds.), Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XIII Vol. 72. A. Namatame et al. (Eds.), Agent-Based Approaches in Economic and Social Complex Systems Vol. 71. J.M. Abe and J.I. da Silva Filho (Eds.), Logic, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics - LAPTEC 2001 Vol. 70. B. Verheij et al. (Eds.), Legal Knowledge and Information Systems - JURIX 2001: The Fourteenth Annual Conference Vol. 69. N. Baba et al. (Eds.), Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information Engineering Systems and Allied Technologies-KES'2001 Vol. 68. J.D. Moore et al. (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education - AI-ED in the Wired and Wireless Future Vol. 67. H. Jaakkola et al. (Eds.), Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XII Vol. 66. H.H. Lund et al. (Eds.), Seventh Scandinavian Conference on Artificial Intelligence - SCAI'Ol ISSN: 0922-6389 Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XIV Edited by Hannu Jaakkola Tampere University of Technology, Finland Hannu Kangassalo University of Tampere, Finland Eiji Kawaguchi Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan and Bernhard Thalheim Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus, Germany /OS Press Ohmsha Amsterdam • Berlin • Oxford • Tokyo • Washington, DC © 2003, The authors mentioned in the table of contents All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher. ISBN 1 58603 318 2 (IDS Press) ISBN 4 274 90574 8 C3055 (Ohmsha) Library of Congress Control Number: 2002117112 Publisher IDS Press Nieuwe Hemweg 6B 1013 BG Amsterdam The Netherlands fax:+3120 620 3419 e-mail: [email protected] Distributor in the UK and Ireland Distributor in the USA and Canada IOS Press/Lavis Marketing IOS Press, Inc. 73 Lime Walk 5795-G Burke Centre Parkway Headington Burke, VA 22015 Oxford OX3 7AD USA England fax: +1 703 323 3668 fax:+44 1865 75 0079 e-mail: [email protected] Distributor in Germany, Austria and Switzerland Distributor in Japan IOS Press/LSL.de Ohmsha, Ltd. Gerichtsweg 28 3-1 Kanda Nishiki-cho D-04103 Leipzig Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8460 Germany Japan fax:+49 341995 4255 fax:+81 332332426 LEGAL NOTICE The publisher is not responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS Preface This book includes the papers presented at the 12th European-Japanese Conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases. The conference held in May 2001 in Krippen, Germany, continues the series of events that originally started as a co-operation initiative between Japan and Finland, already in the last half of the 1980's. Later (1991) the geographical scope of these conferences has expanded to cover the whole Europe and other countries, too. The aim of this series of conferences is to provide research communities in Europe and Japan a forum for the exchange of scientific results and experiences achieved using innovative methods and approaches in computer science and other disciplines, which have a common interest in understanding and solving problems on information modelling and knowledge bases, as well as applying the results of research to practice. The topics of research in this conference were mainly concentrating on a variety of themes in the domain of theory and practice of information modelling, conceptual modelling, design and specification of information systems, software engineering, databases and knowledge bases. We also aim to recognize and study new areas of modelling and knowledge bases to which more attention should be paid. Therefore philosophy and logic, cognitive science, knowledge management, linguistics and management science are relevant areas, too. This time the selected papers cover many areas of information modelling, e.g.: • concept theories • logic of discovery • logic of relevant connectives • database semantics • semantic search space integration • context-base information access space • defining interaction patterns • embedded programming as a part of object design • UML state chart diagrams. The published papers are formally reviewed by an international program committee and selected for the annual conference forming a forum for presentations, criticism and discussions, taken into account in the final published versions. Each paper has been reviewed by three or four reviewers. The selected papers are printed in this volume. This effort had not been possible without support from many people and organizations. In the Programme Committee there were 28 well-known researchers from the areas of information modelling, logic, philosophy, concept theories, conceptual modelling, data bases, knowledge bases, information systems, linguistics, and related fields important for information modelling. In addition, 24 external referees gave invaluable help and support in the reviewing process. We are very grateful for their careful work in reviewing the papers. Professor Eiji Kawaguchi and Professor Hannu Kangassalo were acting as co-chairmen of the program committee. Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus, Germany was hosting the conference. Professor Bernhard Thalheim was acting as a conference leader. His team took care of the practical aspects which were necessary to run the conference, as well as all those things which were important to create an innovative and creative atmosphere for the hard work during the conference days. The Editors Hannu Jaakkola Hannu Kangassalo Eiji Kawaguchi Bernhard Thalheim Program Committee Alfs Berztiss, University of Pittsburgh, USA Pierre-Jean Charrel, Universite Toulouse 1, France Valeria De Antonellis, Politecnico di Milano, Universita' di Brescia, Italy Olga De Troyer, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium Marie Duzi, Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic Yutaka Funyu, Iwate Prefectural University, Japan Wolfgang Hesse, University of Marburg, Germany Seiji Ishikawa, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan Yukihiro Itoh, Shizuoka University, Japan Manfred A. Jeusfeld, Tilburg University, The Netherlands Martti Juhola, University of Tampere, Finland Hannu Kangassalo, University of Tampere, Finland (Co-chairman) Eiji Kawaguchi, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan (Co-chairman) Isabelle Mirbel-Sanchez, Universite de Nice Sophia Antipolis, France Bjorn Nilsson, Astrakan Strategic Development, Sweden Setsuo Ohsuga, Waseda University, Japan Yoshihiro Okade, Kyushu University, Japan Antoni Olive, Universitat Politecnica Catalunya, Spain Jari Palomaki, University of Tampere, Finland Christine Parent, University of Lausanne, Switzerland Alain Pirotte, University of Louvain, Belgium Veikko Rantala, University of Tampere, Finland Michael Schrefl, University of Linz, Austria Cristina Sernadas, Institute Superior Tecnico, Portugal Arne Splvberg, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway Yuzuru Tanaka, University of Hokkaido, Japan Bernhard Thalheim, Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus, Germany Takehiro Tokuda, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan Benkt Wangler, University of Skovde, Sweden Esteban Zimanyi, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium Organizing Committee Bernhard Thalheim, Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus, Germany Hannu Jaakkola, Tampere University of Technology, Pori, Finland Karla Kersten (Conference Office), Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus, Germany Thomas Kobienia (Technical Support), Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus, Germany Thomas Feyer, Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus, Germany Steffen Jurk, Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus, Germany Roberto Kockrow (WWW), Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus, Germany Vojtech Vestenicky, Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus, Germany Heiko Wolf (WWW), Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus, Germany Ulla Nevanranta (Publication), Tampere University of Technology, Pori, Finland Permanent Steering Committee Hannu Jaakkola, Tampere University of Technology, Pori, Finland Hannu Kangassalo, University of Tampere, Finland Eiji Kawaguchi, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan Setsuo Ohsuga, Waseda University, Japan (Honorary member) Additional Reviewers Kazuhiro Asami, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan Per Backlund, University of Skovde, Sweden Sven Casteleyn, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium Thomas Feyer, Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus, Germany Paula Gouveia, Lisbon Institute of Technology (1ST), Portugal Ingi Jonasson, University of Skovde, Sweden Steffen Jurk, Brandenburg University of Technology at Cottbus, Germany Makoto Kondo, Shizuoka University, Japan Stephan Lechner, Johannes Kepler University, Austria Michele Melchiori, University of Brescia, Italy Erkki Makinen, University of Tampere, Finland Jyrki Nummenmaa, University of Tampere, Finland Giinter Preuner, Johannes Kepler University, Austria Roope Raisamo, University of Tampere, Finland Jaime Ramos, Lisbon Institute of Technology (1ST), Portugal Joao Rasga, Lisbon Institute of Technology (1ST), Portugal Yutaka Sakane, Shizuoka University, Japan Jun Sakaki, Iwate Prefectural University, Japan Mattias Strand, University of Skovde, Sweden Tetsuya Suzuki, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan Eva Soderstrom, University of Skovde, Sweden Mitsuhisa Taguchi, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan Shiro Takata, ATR, Japan Yoshimichi Watanabe, Yamanashi University, Japan Contents Preface v Committees vii Additional Reviewers viii A Logical Treatment of Concept Theories, Klaus-Dieter Schewe 1 3D Visual Construction of a Context-based Information Access Space, Mina Akaishi, Makoto Ohigashi, Nicolas Spyratos, Yuzuru Tanaka and Hiroyuki Yamamoto 14 Modelling Time-Sensitive Linking Mechanisms, Anneli Heimbiirger 26 Assisting Business Modelling with Natural Language Processing, Marek Labuzek 43 Intensional Logic as a Medium of Knowledge Representation and Acquisition in the HIT Conceptual Model, Marie Duzi and Pavel Materna 51 Logic of Relevant Connectives for Knowledge Base Reasoning, Noriaki Yoshiura 66 A Model of Anonymous Covert Mailing System Using Steganographic Scheme, Eiji Kawaguchi, Hideki Noda, Michiharu Niimi and Richard O. Eason 81 A Semantic Search Space Integration Method for Meta-level Knowledge Acquisition from Heterogeneous Databases, Yasushi Kiyoki and Saeko Ishihara 86 Generation of Server Page Type Web Applications from Diagrams, Mitsuhisa Taguchi, Tetsuya Suzuki and Takehiro Tokuda 104 Unifying Various Knowledge Discovery Systems in Logic of Discovery, Toshiyuki Kikuchi and Akihiro Yamamoto 118 Intensional vs. Conceptual Content of Concepts, Jari Palomdki 128 Flexible Association of Varieties of Ontologies with Varieties of Databases, Vojtech Vestenicky and Bernhard Thalheim 135 UML as a First Order Transition Logic, Love Ekenberg and Paul Johannesson 142 Consistency Checking of Behavioural Modeling in UML Statechart Diagrams, Takenobu Aoshima, Takahiro Ando and Naoki Yonezaki 152 Context and Uncertainty, Alfs T. Berztiss 170 Applying Semantic Networks in Predicting User's Behaviour, Tapio Niemi and Anne Aula 180