Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Frameworks in Telehealth

272 Pages·2022·8.538 MB·English

by  Mamta Mittal, Gopi Battineni

TELe-Health
Series Editors: Fabio Capello · Giovanni Rinaldi · Giovanna Gatti
Mamta Mittal
Gopi Battineni   Editors
Information and
Communication
Technology (ICT)
Frameworks in
Telehealth
TELe-Health
Series Editors
Fabio Capello
Community Paediatrics Unit
Department of Primary Care
AUSL Bologna, Italy
Giovanni Rinaldi
Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord
Pesaro, Italy
Giovanna Gatti
European Institute of Oncology (IEO)
Milan, Italy
Recent advances in technology and medicine are rapidly changing the face of health
care. A revolution is occurring in diagnosis and treatment thanks to the
implementation of instrumentation and techniques deriving from engineering and
research. In addition, a cultural conversion is taking place in which geographical
and social boundaries are about to be overcome, resulting in enhanced availability
and quality of care. Telemedicine has been considered a possible means of improving
health care worldwide that is likely to change the way in which doctors deal with
patients and diseases. While various restraints continue to limit the application of
telemedicine in different settings and different areas of health, the innovations
emerging from eHealth and telecare could stimulate a great leap forward for
medicine, provided that some basic rules are taken into consideration and followed.
In this series, diverse aspects of tele-health – preventive, promotive, and curative –
will be covered by leading experts in the field with the aim of realizing the full
potential of the new and exciting technological solutions at our disposal.
Mamta Mittal • Gopi Battineni
Editors
Information and
Communication
Technology (ICT)
Frameworks in Telehealth
Editors
Mamta Mittal Gopi Battineni
Delhi Skill and Entrepreneurship University Telemedicine and Telepharmacy Center
New Delhi, India University of Camerino
Camerino, Italy
ISSN 2198-6037 ISSN 2198-6045 (electronic)
TELe-Health
ISBN 978-3-031-05048-0 ISBN 978-3-031-05049-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05049-7
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Preface
This book aims to address the obstacles faced by healthcare providers and patients
in rural areas that are vastly different from those in urban areas. It also presents the
necessity to develop telemedical systems with integration of ICT, which will help
patients in interior areas through the use of contemporary technologies. In this book,
we also intend to explore the inputs with regard to individuals and companies who
have developed technologies and innovative solutions, bioinformatics, datasets,
apps for diagnosis, etc., which can be leveraged for strengthening medical systems,
especially during medical emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, this
book focuses on technology solutions and systems to help remote-area people in
order to improve medical care.
Organization of the Book
The book is composed of four different sections and consists of 16 chapters that
mainly focus on the transformation of digital health using ICT frameworks. In addi-
tion, it focuses on the necessity of telemedical systems during the pandemics. A
brief description of each chapter is as follows.
Telehealth in Rural Healthcare
Chapter 1 aims to explore the current use, challenges, and opportunities of the tele-
health system. The lessons learned from this study are used to determine important
factors to consider when attempting to advance and expand telehealth programs in
remote communities in Italy.
Chapter 2 identifies core elements that should be considered when implementing
telehealth applications with the purpose of supporting medical practice in rural and
remote regions. Decision makers need to be aware of the specific conditions that
could influence telehealth integration into clinical practices and healthcare
organizations.
Chapter 3 describes the more complex and diverse ethical and legal concerns in
telemedicine. In this chapter, an analysis of scientific literature is carried out to
identify the ethical and legal challenges of telemedicine.
v
vi Preface
Chapter 4 explains the efforts that have been ongoing in understanding the role
of Internet and communication technology (ICT) frameworks for over a decade as
well as specific programs to target the rising needs of emergency care in both devel-
oping and developed countries.
The Power of ICT in Telemedicine
Chapter 5 proposes a proactive strategy for digital mental healthcare utilizing ICT-
based telepsychiatry services to forestall cognitive diseases during the COVID envi-
ronment. These ICT-based telepsychiatry services such as monitoring, digital
mental healthcare, and prevention of cognitive diseases would improve accessibility
and adaptability, self-monitoring, and treatment during the COVID environment.
Chapter 6 compares the operations being practiced in the current pandemic with
those of previous pandemics when the ICT tools did not exist at all. Finally, the
limitations of ICT-driven tools and knowledge during pandemic emergencies are
discussed, and their scope and possibilities in the post-pandemic world are explored
in the light of the probable future pandemic situations.
Chapter 7 discusses the severity of the current pandemic and the necessity of
advanced telemedical systems to mitigate the severity risk. Besides, it proposes the
execution of telemedicine frameworks for seafarers to check gentle or asymptom-
atic cases that would decrease the high volume of mild symptomatic cases.
Chapter 8 provides a discussion on a mobile application that allows a seafarer to
choose the appropriate activity based on his/her physical characteristics, fitness
level, and quality of life. Seafarers’ typical physical activity and sleep cycles are
hampered by long ocean trips.
Exploring and Illustrating the Current IoT Applications
Chapter 9 handles changes in medical facilities that happened because of COVID-19.
Besides, it explores how they are administered as technological advances are being
accepted and adopted in the medical field broadly, and especially facilities like tele-
medicine and virtual care are gaining wider acceptance.
Chapter 10 discusses one of the popular articulations in information technology,
the Internet of Things (IoT), and explains how natural language processing can help
the IoT along with cloud computing for data storage.
Chapter 11 presents a detailed overview of the emerging technologies of smart-
phone applications; the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence are being used
for personalized care in the present times. Moreover, we discuss the crucial chal-
lenges associated with personalized healthcare solutions along with the expected
trends that could further enhance the quality of personalized care in the future.
Preface vii
Chapter 12 discusses the use of smartphones for activity recognition, enabling
sensors, a fusion of sensors for activity recognition, artificial intelligence methods
for activity recognition, and implementation of activity recognition methods in IoT/
fog computing scenarios.
Progression of Internet Technologies in Healthcare
Chapter 13 discusses the android application that will transmit the various biomedi-
cal signals to the Web server, thereby enabling the connection of biomedical sensors
to android-based smartphones.
Chapter 14 explores smart wearables to handle patient health through taking care
of a wide range of health management needs, which are highly customizable to
cater to individual circumstances.
Chapter 15 discusses the importance of endodontists explicitly in the current
situation, importance of teledentistry applications in endodontics, and change in the
current protocol for endodontic intervention.
Chapter 16 presents the employment of EMD influenced by wavelet threshold-
ing. The suggested method’s efficacy is assessed using a variety of metrics, includ-
ing the artifact rejection ratio (ARR), root mean square error (RMSE), change in
SNR (ΔSNR), and correlation coefficient (CC).
We are very thankful to all the members of Springer, especially Ms. Donatella
Rizza, for providing us the opportunity to edit this book.
New Delhi, India Mamta Mittal
Camerino, Italy Gopi Battineni
About the Editors
Mamta Mittal is working as the Head and Associate

Professor (Data Analytics and Data Science) in Delhi
Skill and Entrepreneurship University (under the
Government of NCT, Delhi), New Delhi. She received
PhD in Computer Science and Engineering from Thapar
University, Patiala; MTech (Honors) in Computer
Science and Engineering from YMCA, Faridabad; and
BTech in Computer Science and Engineering from
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, in 2001. She has
been teaching for the last 18 years, with an emphasis on
data mining, machine learning, DBMS, and data struc-
ture. Dr. Mittal is a lifetime member of CSI and has
published and communicated more than 90 research
papers in SCI, SCIE, and Scopus indexed journals. She
holds five patents and two copyrights in the areas of
artificial intelligence, IoT, and deep learning. Dr. Mittal
has edited/authored many books with reputed publish-
ers like Springer, IOS Press, Elsevier, and CRC Press
and is working on DST-approved project “Development
of IoT-Based Hybrid Navigation Module for Mid-sized
Autonomous Vehicles,” with a research grant of Rs. 25
lakhs. Currently, she is guiding PhD scholars in areas of
machine learning, computer vision, and deep learning.
She is the book series editor of Health Informatics and
Healthcare, using AI and smart computing, and another
series Edge AI in Future Computing with CRC Press,
Taylor & Francis, USA. Dr. Mittal is an editorial board
member with InterScience, Bentham Science, Springer,
and Elsevier and has chaired a number of conferences.
She is the associate editor with reputed SCIE indexed
journals: Earth Information Science (Springer) and
Dyna (Spain).
ix
x About the Editors
Gopi  Battineni is a researcher at the School of

Medicinal and Health Products Sciences at the
University of Camerino, Italy. He earned an undergrad-
uate degree (with the first-class distinction) in
Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE)
from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,
Kakinada; a master’s degree (with honors) in Computer
Science and Engineering from Sheffield Hallam
University, UK; a master’s degree (with honors) in
Enterprise Engineering from the University of
Bordeaux, France; and a PhD in One Health from the
University of Camerino, Camerino. His research areas
include telemedicine, process mining, natural language
processing, data mining, big data, and machine learn-
ing. Dr. Battineni is a member of the European Research
Council; he has published more than 55 research papers
in SCI, SCIE, and Scopus indexed journals and attended
conferences, seminars, and guest talks at an interna-
tional level. He is a reviewer of many reputed interna-
tional journals from publishing houses including
Elsevier, MDPI, Wiley, Dove, and PLOS One and has
chaired international conferences.