Information and Communication Technologies in Public Administration: Innovations from Developed Countries PDF
Preview Information and Communication Technologies in Public Administration: Innovations from Developed Countries
Public Administration & Public Policy PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC POLICY/196 A n An examination of how information technology (IT) can be used in public admin- R t istration, Information and Communication Technologies in Public Administra- he Information and od tion: Innovations from Developed Countries examines global perspectives on pub- pd lic administration and IT innovations. This book illustrates the theoretical context ouic k of current policies, issues, and implementation. It highlights e-government success lo Communication stories from developed regions such as the U.S., Europe, Asia, and Australia then s presents future trends and innovation. It explores innovative solutions with added value and impact to your organization. Technologies in The book covers important issues such as open government, best practices, social media, democracy, and management challenges as well as topical issues such as sys- T Public Administration tems failures, innovations in inter-organizational e-government projects, virtual cur- e rencies, and a cross-domain open data ecosystem. The authors outline four strategies c I to achieve success in e-governance: upgrading ICT infrastructure, improving human hn resource management, creating a corresponding political environment, and promot- nf ing administrative performance that you can put to immediate use. oo Innovations from Developed Countries lr om Features g ia • Evaluates best practices in websites of the largest municipalities in the et si 100 most-wired nations o in • Includes strategies and methods for IT innovation that add value to any n organization a P n • Explores innovative solutions and illustrates future trends ud • Outlines technology and implementation aspects of e-government b lC • Examines how information technology (IT) can be used to promote i co innovations in public administration m A Governments have used information and communications technologies (ICT) to dras- dm tically change how the public sector interacts with citizens and businesses. It can im- mu prove government performance in delivering effective or highly sophisticated public in services, reengineering or improving internal organization and processes, engaging ni c social participation and dialogue, enabling transparency in procedures and outcomes i sa to the public, and improving public sector’s efficiency in general. This book provides tt a roadmap that leads you from problem definitions to problem-solving methods and ri ao innovations for future progress. n t i o n K23266 Edited by ISBN: 978-1-4822-3929-4 Christopher G. Reddick • Leonidas Anthopoulos 90000 www.crcpress.com 9 781482 239294 w w w. c r c p r e s s . c o m K23266 cvr mech.indd 1 2/23/15 9:52 AM Information and Communication Technologies in Public Administration Innovations from Developed Countries PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC POLICY A Comprehensive Publication Program EDITOR-IN-CHIEF DAVID H. ROSENBLOOM Distinguished Professor of Public Administration American University, Washington, DC Founding Editor JACK RABIN RECENTLY PUBLISHED BOOKS Information and Communication Technologies in Public Administration: Innovations from Developed Countries, Christopher G. Reddick and Leonidas Anthopoulos Creating Public Value in Practice: Advancing the Common Good in a Multi-Sector, Shared-Power, No-One-Wholly-in-Charge World, edited by John M. Bryson, Barbara C. Crosby, and Laura Bloomberg Digital Divides: The New Challenges and Opportunities of e-Inclusion, Kim Andreasson Living Legends and Full Agency: Implications of Repealing the Combat Exclusion Policy, G.L.A. Harris Politics of Preference: India, United States, and South Africa, Krishna K. Tummala Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Practice, Second Edition, Ali Farazmand Labor Relations in the Public Sector, Fifth Edition, Richard C. Kearney and Patrice M. Mareschal Democracy and Public Administration in Pakistan, Amna Imam and Eazaz A. Dar The Economic Viability of Micropolitan America, Gerald L. Gordon Personnel Management in Government: Politics and Process, Seventh Edition, Katherine C. Naff, Norma M. Riccucci, and Siegrun Fox Freyss Public Administration in South Asia: India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, edited by Meghna Sabharwal and Evan M. Berman Making Multilevel Public Management Work: Stories of Success and Failure from Europe and North America, edited by Denita Cepiku, David K. Jesuit, and Ian Roberge Public Administration in Africa: Performance and Challenges, edited by Shikha Vyas-Doorgapersad, Lukamba-Muhiya. Tshombe, and Ernest Peprah Ababio Available Electronically PublicADMINISTRATIONnetBASE http://www.crcnetbase.com/page/public_administration_ebooks Information and Communication Technologies in Public Administration Innovations from Developed Countries Edited by Christopher G. Reddick University of Texas at San Antonio, USA Leonidas Anthopoulos Technological Education Institute (TEI) of Thessaly, Greece CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20150223 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-3930-0 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information stor- age or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copy- right.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that pro- vides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photo- copy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Foreword .......................................................................................................vii Preface ............................................................................................................xi Contributors ..................................................................................................xv SeCtion i GLoBAL PeRSPeCtiVeS on PUBLiC ADMiniStRAtion AnD inFoRMAtion teCHnoLoGY innoVAtionS 1 Open Government Data: A European Perspective .................................3 ALEJANDRO SÁEZ MARTÍN, ARTURO HARO DE ROSARIO, AND CARMEN CABA PÉREZ 2 Best Practices in E-Governance: A Comparative Study Based on the Rutgers University Worldwide Digital Governance Survey ...........29 MARC HOLZER AND YUEPING ZHENG 3 Does External Environment Affect E-Government? A Cross-C ountry Analysis ....................................................................61 YUEPING ZHENG AND AROON MANOHARAN 4 Web-Based Participatory Democracy: Findings from Italy .................77 GIANLUCA SGUEO 5 Comparative Scientometric Analysis in Social Media: What Can We Learn? And What Is Next? ..............................................................97 MANUEL PEDRO RODRÍGUEZ BOLÍVAR AND LAURA ALCAIDE MUÑOZ 6 E-Government as an Innovative Product: Theories and Case Study ......125 LEONIDAS ANTHOPOULOS, CHRISTOPHER G. REDDICK, IRENE GIANNAKIDOU, AND NIKOLAOS MAVRIDIS v vi ◾ Contents 7 Aligning Strategy and Information and Communication Technology in Public Organizations: A Critical Management Challenge ............................................................................................141 EAMONN CAFFREY AND JOE MCDONAGH SeCtion ii toPiCAL iSSUeS in PUBLiC ADMiniStRAtion AnD inFoRMAtion teCHnoLoGY innoVAtion 8 An Analysis of Failure in a Government-to-Government E-Government Context via the Updated Delone and McLean Model ...167 LIES VAN CAUTER, MONIQUE SNOECK, AND JOEP CROMPVOETS 9 The Discretionary Space of Geo-Information and Communication Technology Professionals in Public Sector Cooperation Programs ...191 WALTER TIMO DE VRIES 10 The Evolution of Virtual Currencies: Analyzing the Case of Bitcoin .....213 CECILIA G. MANRIQUE AND GABRIEL MANRIQUE 11 Gov 2.0, Mobility and Inclusion: A Critical Examination of Social Assistance Reform in Ontario, Canada....................................235 JEFFREY ROY 12 SPCData: The Italian Public Administration Data Cloud .................255 GIORGIA LODI, ANTONIO MACCIONI, AND FRANCESCO TORTORELLI 13 Coupling Public Sector Information and Public-Funded Research Data in Europe: A Vision of an Open Data Ecosystem ......................275 SVEN SCHADE, CARLOS GRANELL, AND ANDREA PEREGO 14 How Public Administration Restructuring Can Contribute to Greek Educational Reform .................................................................299 KONSTANTINOS ZACHARIS, PANDELIS IPSILANDIS, AND JAMES O’KANE Foreword Government and information and Communications technology innovation: A Cliché Relation or a Universal Purpose? Today, more and more government leaders are discussing innovation, and they recognize its contribution to economic growth, to enhancement of national competitiveness, to increment of local knowledge-based society, and so forth (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2005; Porter & Schwab, 2008). Many could question that although governments talk about innovation, they do not transform themselves to more innovative forms. For instance, do governments update the ways they interact with their people? Do they utilize innovation to enhance their potential to deliver goods and services to their local societies? To this end, information and communications technologies (ICTs) were seen as an innovative tool and were adopted quite early by governments as a means to become more efficient and effective in delivering their jobs. Internet-based govern- ment, for instance, was such an innovation in the early 1990s. Since then, many deliverables have been observed around the world: one-stop e-government por- tals that offer sophisticated public services, dashboards that illustrate government performance, online public procurement systems, maps and geo-data, publicly available information and documents (named open data), back-office information systems, online consultations, and others. All these products could be easily named “innovative” products for the governments, or maybe not? Let us define the terms: Innovation concerns the practical refinement and devel- opment of an original invention into a usable technique or product, or a process, in which creativity is applied to every facet of an organization’s value chain, from beginning to end, to develop new and better ways of creating value for customers (Fagerberg, 2004; Howells, 2005; Maital & Seshadri, 2007). According to this def- inition, all the above products concerned—in their initial appearance—ICT inno- vation; they are updated incrementally, while governments fund their development with extensive programs as open innovation (Anthopoulos & Fitsilis, 2014). Each vii viii ◾ Foreword of the above products concerns technological innovation, whereas all together, they are expected to perform extensive change to the ways that people interact with their governments and to become a social innovation. And we can say that “it is expected to deliver such a radical change” because despite its ambitious vision, e-government appears to become rather a single channel for citizens to access their governments, instead of performing an enormous change with regard to transactions between governments and citizens (Reddick & Anthopoulos, 2014). The previous discussion validates that ICT innovation is something trivial for governments, but they have not achieved a radical change yet. On the other hand, little has happened and even less can be observed in improving the ways that gov- ernments perform their mission. Wars and poverty are still a reality, public spend- ing is not absolutely transparent, citizens still prefer traditional channels to access their governments for custom services, and yet other myths still exist (Bekkers & Homburg, 2007). To this end, the value that the ICT innovative products deliver to citizens can be questioned, and it remains an unestablished objective. All these justify the significant contribution of this book: This book views government ICT innovation from the lens of corresponding theoretical analysis and practical implementations in the developed world, which lead the innovation arena. To this end, chapter contributors examine various underlying theories and perspectives in the first section of this book. Moreover, exemplars and their added value have to be monitored and illustrated properly, and to this end, enough cor- responding practices are examined in this first section. On the other hand, existing challenges and unaccomplished investments probably depict the future of ICT for governments. In this context, the second section of this book addresses various cor- responding topical issues and demonstrates perhaps what governments can expect from ICTs or from changes that they trigger inside the public sector. References Anthopoulos, L., & Fitsilis, P. (2014). Trends in e-strategic management: How do govern- ments transform their policies? International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age, 1(1), 15–38. Bekkers, V., & Homburg, V. (2007). The myths of e-government: Looking beyond the assumptions of a new and better government. The Information Society, 23(5), 373–382. Fagerberg, J. (2004). Innovation: A Guide to the literature. In Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D. C., & Nelson, R. R. (Eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Innovation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Howells, J. (2005). The Management of Innovation and Technology: The Shaping of Technology and Institutions of the Market Economy. London: Sage Publications. Maital, S., & Seshadri, D. V. R. (2007). Innovation Management: Strategies, Concepts and Tools for Growth and Profit. New Delhi, India: Response Books, Sage Publications. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2005). Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data, 3rd Edition. Paris: OECD Publishing.
The list of books you might like
