influence of worklife balance practices onperformance of the banking industry in kenya agnes ...

186 Pages·2017·1.57 MB·English

INFLUENCE OF WORKLIFE BALANCE
PRACTICES ONPERFORMANCE OF THE
BANKING INDUSTRY IN KENYA

AGNES KINANU MUNGANIA

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
( Human Resource Management)

JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF
AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

2017
Influence Of Worklife Balance Practices On
Performance Of The Banking Industry In Kenya

Agnes Kinanu Mungania

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Doctor of
Philosophy in Human Resource Management in the Jomo Kenyatta
University of Agriculture And Technology

2017
DECLARATION
This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other
university.

Signature ………………………………Date………………………………… AGNES
Kinanu Mungania

This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as university supervisors.

Signature ………………………………Date…………………………………
Dr. Esther Wangithi Waiganjo
JKUAT, KENYA

Signature ………………………………Date………………………………… Prof
J.M Kihoro, Phd
CUC, Kenya
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DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to my husband Daniel Muriuki, children; Alvin, Natasha , Ryan
and to all my friends and classmates for their moral support and encouragement during this
learning and involving process. God Bless you all.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I wish to thank sincerely my supervisors Dr Esther Waiganjo and Professor J.M. Kihoro
who have worked with me this far consistently and dedicatedly by giving direction and
critical remarks to make this thesis complete and acceptable. Their insight, timeliness in
giving feedback and inputs explains the completion of this thesis. They have been a great
pillar in all the phases towards its completion. Lastly am grateful to my PhD colleagues and
especially Nixon Njue and Dr. Ann Maina for their moral support and team work in this
journey and employees of various banks in Kenya for their assistance. Thank you everyone.
May God bless you.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ................................................................................................................. ii
DEDICATION .................................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... v
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... ix
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. xi
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................................... xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ........................................................ xiii
DEFINITION OF TERMS ............................................................................................... xiv
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... xvii
CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Background of the Study ................................................................................................ 1
1.1.1Work Life Balance Aspects ........................................................................................ 3
1.2 Statement of the Problem .............................................................................................. 8
1.3 Objectives of the Study ..................................................................................................... 9
1.3.1 General Objective ...................................................................................................... 9
1.3.2 Specific Objectives .................................................................................................... 9
1.4 Research Questions ....................................................................................................... 9
1.5 Hypotheses ...................................................................................................................... 10
1.6 Significance of the Study ................................................................................................ 10
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1.7 Scope of the Study .......................................................................................................... 11
1.8 Limitations of the Study ................................................................................................. 11
CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................ 13
LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................. 13
2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 13
2.2 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................... 13
2.2.1Component Theory ................................................................................................... 13
2.2.2 Spill Over Theory .................................................................................................... 14
2.2.3. Work/Family Border Theory .................................................................................. 16
2.3. Conceptual Frame Work ................................................................................................ 18
2.3.1 Flexible Work Arrangements ................................................................................... 20
2.3.2 Wellness Programs .................................................................................................. 23
2.3.3 Family Responsibilities............................................................................................ 26
2.3.4 Work-Life Conflict .................................................................................................. 31
2.3.5 Performance ............................................................................................................. 35
2.4 Empirical Review ........................................................................................................... 37
2.5 Critique of Existing Literature ........................................................................................ 44
2.6 Research Gaps ................................................................................................................. 47
2.7Summary of the Chapter .................................................................................................. 49
CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................ 50
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................... 50
3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 50
3.2 Research Design ............................................................................................................. 50
3.3 Target Population ............................................................................................................ 52
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3.4 Sampling Frame .............................................................................................................. 52
3.5 Sample and Sampling Technique ................................................................................... 52
3.6 Data Collection Instruments ........................................................................................... 55
3.7 Data Collection Procedure .............................................................................................. 56
3.8 Pilot Test Study ............................................................................................................... 56
3.8.1Reliability and Validity ............................................................................................. 57
3.9 Data Analysis and Presentation ...................................................................................... 58
3.9.2 Statistical Model ...................................................................................................... 59
3.9.3 Measurement and Operationalization of Variables ................................................. 60
3.9.4 Model Parameters and Hypothesis Testing ............................................................. 61
3.9.5 Control Variables ..................................................................................................... 62
4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 63
4.1.2 General Characteristics of the Study Sample .......................................................... 63
4.2. Response Rate ................................................................................................................ 63
4.3. Demographic Information .............................................................................................. 64
4.4 Organizational Information: Position level, Length Worked, Time of Work and Hours
Worked in a Day ................................................................................................................... 69
4.5 Descriptive Statistics ....................................................................................................... 70
4.5.1 Flexible Work Arrangement .................................................................................... 70
4.5.2 Wellness Programs .................................................................................................. 73
4.5.3 Family Responsibilities............................................................................................ 74
4.5.4 Work Life Conflict ................................................................................................... 77
4. 6 Data Management .......................................................................................................... 79
4.7 Reliability Testing ........................................................................................................... 79
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4.8 Normality Test ................................................................................................................ 80
4.9 Correlation Analysis ....................................................................................................... 86
4.10 Multiple Regression Analysis for Independent and Dependent Variables ................... 91
4.10.1Regression Analysis of Flexible Work Arrangement and Performance ................. 91
4.10.2 Regression Analysis Output of Wellness Programs and Performance .................. 92
4.10.3 Regression Analysis of Family Responsibility and Performance .......................... 95
4.10.4 Regression Analysis of Work Life Conflict and Performance .............................. 96
4.10.5 Regression Analysis of Combined Variables and Performance ............................ 97
Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 117
5.2 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 117
5.2.4 Qualitative Responses ................................................................................................ 121
5.3 Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 122
5.4 Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 123
5.4.1 Recommendations for Management ...................................................................... 123
5.4.2 Recommendations for Policy ................................................................................. 125
5.5 Study’s Contribution to Theory .................................................................................... 126
5.6 Areas for Further Research ........................................................................................... 126
Amount of complaints .................................................................................................... 163
Customer retention .......................................................................................................... 163

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 Age of Respondents ............................................................................. 65
Table 4.2 Gender Sample Response .................................................................... 65
Table 4.3 Sample Response on Marital Status .................................................... 66
Table 4.4 Sample Response on Educational Level ..................................................
Table 4.5 Respondents Number of Children and Dependent .............................. 68
Table 4.6: Organizational Data ............................................................................. 70
Table 4.7 Flexible Work Arrangement ................................................................ 72
Table 4.8: Wellness Programs .............................................................................. 74
Table 4.9 Family Responsibilities ....................................................................... 75
Table 4.10: Work Life Conflict .............................................................................. 78
Table 4.11: Cronbach Alpha Coefficient for the Variables, Means and ................ 80
Table 4.12 Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk Normality Test ................... 81
Table 4.13 Correlation Analysis Between Work Life Balance Practices and ....... 90
Table 4.14: Regression Results for Flexible Work Arrangement........................... 92
Table 4.14a Model Summary .................................................................................. 92
Table 4.14b ANOVAB ................................................................................................ 92
Table 4.14c Coefficientsa ........................................................................................ 92
Table 4.15 Regression Results for Wellness Programs ......................................... 94
Table 4.15 a Model Summary .................................................................................. 94
Table 4.15 b ANOVAb ............................................................................................. 94
Table 4.15 c Coefficientsa ........................................................................................ 94
Table 4.16: Regression Results for Family Responsibility .................................... 96
Table 4.16a: Model Summary .................................................................................. 96
Table 4.16b: ANOVAB ................................................................................................ 96
Table 4.16c : Coefficientsa ........................................................................................ 96
Table 4.17 Regression Results for Work Life Conflict ......................................... 97
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