influence of worklife balance practices on performance of the banking industry in kenya agnes ...

207 Pages·2017·0.9 MB·English

INFLUENCE OF WORKLIFE BALANCE PRACTICES ON
PERFORMANCE OF THE BANKING INDUSTRY IN
KENYA

AGNES KINANU MUNGANIA

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
( Human Resource Management)

JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF
AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

2017
Influence of Worklife Balance Practices on
Performance of the Banking Industry in Kenya

Agnes Kinanu Mungania

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Doctor of
Philosophy in Human Resource Management in the Jomo Kenyatta
University of Agriculture And Technology

2017
DECLARATION
This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other
university.

Signature ……………………………………. Date…………………………………
Agnes Kinanu Mungania

This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as university
supervisors.

Signature ………………………………….. Date…………………………………
Dr. Esther Waiganjo, Ph.D.
JKUAT, KENYA

Signature ………………………………….. Date…………………………………
Prof. J.M. Kihoro, Ph.D.
CUK, Kenya
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DEDICATION
To my husband Daniel Muriuki and our children; Alvin, Natasha and Ryan for their
moral support, understanding, sacrifices and prayers throughout my study period. To
Sharon and Mercy for their special support too during this involving study period.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I am very grateful to Almighty God for enabling me to write this thesis successfully I
wish to thank sincerely my supervisors Dr. Esther Waiganjo and Professor J.M. Kihoro
who have worked with me this far consistently and dedicatedly by giving direction and
critical remarks to make this thesis complete and acceptable. Their insight, timeliness in
giving feedback and inputs explains the completion of this thesis. They have been a
great pillar in all the phases towards its completion. Special thanks go to Dr. Oluoch my
corrections supervisor for ensuring that corrections were implemented accordingly and
to my research assistants who worked tirelessly to get the raw data for me without which
the realization of this thesis would not have been possible. Lastly am grateful to my
Ph.D colleagues and especially Nixon Njue and Dr. Ann Maina for their moral support
and team work in this journey; as well as employees of various banks in Kenya for their
assistance. Thank you; may God bless you.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ............................................................................................................. II
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................... III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................... IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................ V
LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... XII
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... XIV
LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................. XV
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................. XVI
DEFINITION OF TERMS ....................................................................................... XVII
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. XX
CHAPTER ONE .............................................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Background of the Study .......................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 Work Life Balance Aspects .............................................................................. 3
1.2 Statement of the Problem ......................................................................................... 9
1.3 Objectives of the Study .......................................................................................... 10
1.3.1 General Objective............................................................................................ 10
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1.3.2 Specific Objectives.......................................................................................... 10
1.4 Research Questions ................................................................................................ 10
1.5 Hypotheses ............................................................................................................. 11
1.6 Significance of the Study ....................................................................................... 11
1.7 Scope of the Study ................................................................................................. 12
1.8 Limitations of the Study ......................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................... 14
LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................................. 14
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 14
2.2 Theoretical Framework .......................................................................................... 14
2.2.1 Component Theory.......................................................................................... 14
2.2.2 Spill Over Theory ............................................................................................ 15
2.2.3. Work / Family Border Theory........................................................................ 17
2.3. Conceptual Frame Work ....................................................................................... 19
2.3.1 Flexible Work Arrangements .......................................................................... 22
2.3.2 Wellness Programs .......................................................................................... 26
2.3.3 Family Responsibilities ................................................................................... 30
2.3.4 Work-Life Conflict.......................................................................................... 35
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2.3.5 Performance .................................................................................................... 40
2.4 Empirical Review ................................................................................................... 42
2.5 Critique of Existing Literature ............................................................................... 49
2.6 Research Gaps ........................................................................................................ 52
2.7 Summary of the Chapter ........................................................................................ 54
CHAPTER THREE ....................................................................................................... 55
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................. 55
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 55
3.2 Research Design ..................................................................................................... 55
3.3 Target Population ................................................................................................... 57
3.4 Sampling Frame ..................................................................................................... 57
3.5 Sample and Sampling Technique ........................................................................... 58
3.5.1 Sample Size ..................................................................................................... 58
3.5.2 Sampling Technique........................................................................................ 60
3.6 Data Collection Instruments ................................................................................... 60
3.7 Data Collection Procedure ..................................................................................... 61
3.8 Pilot Test Study ...................................................................................................... 62
3.8.1 Reliability and Validity ................................................................................... 63
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3.9 Data Analysis and Presentation .............................................................................. 64
3.9.1 Data Processing ............................................................................................... 64
3.9.2 Statistical Model ............................................................................................. 65
3.9.3 Measurement and Operationalization of Variables ......................................... 66
3.9.4 Model Parameters and Hypothesis Testing ..................................................... 67
3.9.5 Control Variables ............................................................................................ 68
CHAPTER FOUR .......................................................................................................... 69
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ............................................................ 69
4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 69
4.1.2 General Characteristics of the Study Sample .................................................. 69
4.2 Response Rate ........................................................................................................ 69
4.3. Demographic Information ..................................................................................... 70
4.3.1 Age of Respondents ............................................................................................ 70
4.3.2 Gender of Respondents ................................................................................... 71
4.3. 3 Marital Status ................................................................................................. 71
4.3.4 Respondents Education Level ......................................................................... 72
4.3.5 Respondents Number of Children ................................................................... 73
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4.4 Organizational Information: Position level, Length Worked, Time of Work and
Hours Worked in a Day ........................................................................................ 75
4.5 Descriptive Statistics .............................................................................................. 77
4.5.1 Flexible Work Arrangement ........................................................................... 77
4.5.2 Wellness Programs .......................................................................................... 80
4.5.3 Family Responsibilities ................................................................................... 82
4.5.4 Work Life Conflict .......................................................................................... 84
4. 6 Data Management ................................................................................................. 86
4.7 Reliability Testing .................................................................................................. 86
4.8 Normality Test ....................................................................................................... 87
4.9 Correlation Analysis............................................................................................... 93
4.9.1 Correlation Analysis Results Between Flexible Work Arrangement and
Performance ............................................................................................................. 94
4.9.2 Correlation Analysis Results Between Wellness Programs and Performance 95
4.9.3 Correlation Analysis Results Between Family Responsibilities and
Performance ......................................................................................................... 95
4.9.4 Correlation Analysis Results Between Work Life Conflict and Performance.
....................................................................................................................... 95
4.9.5 Correlation Analysis of all the Variables ........................................................ 96
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