Infectious Complications in Biologic and Targeted Therapies

466 Pages·2022·13.889 MB·English

by  Carlos Cervera, Jose Maria Aguado

Infectious
Complications in
Biologic and
Targeted Therapies
Carlos Cervera
Jose Maria Aguado
Editors
123
Infectious Complications in Biologic
and Targeted Therapies
Carlos Cervera • Jose Maria Aguado
Editors
Infectious Complications
in Biologic and Targeted
Therapies
Editors
Carlos Cervera Jose Maria Aguado
Division of Infectious Diseases Complutense University of Madrid
University of Alberta University Hospital “October 12”
Edmonton, AB, Canada Madrid, Madrid, Spain
ISBN 978-3-031-11362-8 ISBN 978-3-031-11363-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11363-5
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To Sonia, Laura, Carolina, and Carlos.
Preface
Biologic therapies include a wide range of products, from blood and blood products
to gene therapies. These drugs represent a complete revolution in the therapy of
many diseases. The common nexus of biologic therapy is their isolation from a
variety of natural sources and their production from novel biotechnology methods.
Commonly, these agents target key steps involved in the pathophysiological mecha-
nisms of disease. This targeted approach leads to high efficacy and less toxicities
than drugs with broad activity.
The expansion of the biologic therapy armamentarium has been exponential in
the last decade. An increasing number of targets are constantly identified, and new
biologic agents targeting the same protein but differing in activity, pharmacokinet-
ics, and other characteristics are available for its use. In recent years, there is grow-
ing data on the use of combined biologic therapy or the incorporation of biologics
to “classical” therapies for several diseases. It is not uncommon that malignancies
combine classic chemotherapy with new biologics.
Despite the targeted approach of these treatments, some biologics can lead to
unexpected side effects for which the increased risk of infections is certainly a
major concern. The risk of infections can occur early after initiation of the biologic
therapy but many times there is a delay in the occurrence of infections. Examples of
this delay include the risk of tuberculosis with monoclonal antibodies against
TNF-α or the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with the use of
natalizumab. The concomitant use of different therapies and biologics, for example
in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, can act synergistically increasing the
risk of infections. Therefore, we should expect new infectious syndromes and risks
with the incorporation of new biologics in the future.
This book is intended to offer an evidence-based guidance to understand the risk
of infections associated with the use of biologics and it is divided in three parts. The
first four chapters give a general view of the risks of infections and how to use vac-
cines for vaccine-preventable infections. Part II describes the risk of infections by
specific agents in each major group of targets. This classical approach will allow to
review specific biologics, their associated risk of infections, and how to prevent
them. Finally, Part III analyzes the impact of biologic therapy in common infectious
syndromes. For example, what would be the role of biologic therapies in patients
with pulmonary infiltrates or CMV infection.
vii
viii Preface
The most valuable aspect of the book is the extraordinary work of the contribut-
ing authors. Each chapter has been led by one or more international experts in the
field. This book was developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, which reflects the
unvaluable and resilient work of all contributing authors. The support of the
European Group for the Study of Infections in the Immunocompromised Hosts
(ESGICH) has been crucial for the development and completion of this extraordi-
nary complex task. Finally, I must highlight the extraordinary work, excellent
advice, and commitment of Prof. Jose Maria Aguado, coeditor of this book.
Edmonton, AB, Canada Carlos Cervera
Madrid, Spain Jose Maria Aguado
Rome, Italy Paolo Grossi
Contents
Part I Overview of the Epidemiology, Risk and Prevention of Infections
1 Overview of the Risk of Infection Associated
with Biologic and Target Therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Mario Fernández-Ruiz
2 Timeline and Infectious Disease Evaluation of Candidates
to New Therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Francisco Lopez-Medrano and Jose Tiago Silva
3 Safety and Efficacy of Vaccines in Patients on Targeted
and Biologic Therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Ashlesha Sonpar
4 Travel and Risk of Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Diego Viasus, Emiro Buendia, and Jordi Carratalà
Part II Specific Agents and Risk of Infections
5 Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Joel V. Chua and John W. Baddley
6 CD22, CD30, CD33, CD38, CD40, SLAMF-7 and CCR4 . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Lubos Drgona and Lucia Masarova
7 CD19, CD20 and CD52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Malgorzata Mikulska and Diana Averbuch
8 Cell-Surface Receptors: EGFR- and VEGFR-Targeted Agents . . . . . . 153
Juan Aguilar-Company and Isabel Ruiz-Camps
9 Interleukin-1 Targeted Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Mosaab Alam, Allison Mah, and Sara Belga
10 Interleukin-6 Targeted Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Matteo Rinaldi, Giuseppe Ferraro, and Maddalena Giannella
11 Interleukin-12 and -23 Targeted Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Mario Fernández-Ruiz
ix
x Contents
12 Sphingosine-1 Phosphate Receptor Modulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Sabina Herrera and Marta Bodro
13 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Keith C. K. Lau, Benson Weyant, and Carlos Cervera
14 α4-Integrin (and Other Leukocyte Integrin)-Targeting Agents . . . . . . 253
Eleftheria E. Kampouri, Jonathan Tschopp, and Oriol Manuel
15 Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Cybele Lara R. Abad and Raymund R. Razonable
16 Bcl-2, JAK and mTOR Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Nicolas J. Mueller and Sara H. Burkhard
17 Infection Associated with the Use of CAR T Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Pedro Puerta-Alcalde, Nicole Garcia-Pouton,
and Carolina Garcia-Vidal
Part III Clinical Conditions Associated with the Use
of Biologic and Targeted Therapies
18 Pulmonary Infiltrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Archana Bhaskaran, Britany Kula, and Dima Kabbani
19 Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Tomás Almorza, Jose Maria Aguado, and José L. Pablos
20 Cytomegalovirus and Other Herpesviruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Fuensanta Gavilán Guirao and Julian Torre Cisneros
21 Invasive Fungal Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Emma Paige, Scott J. Abbinga, and Monica A. Slavin
22 Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Rafael San-Juan and Mario Fernández-Ruiz
23 Hepatitis Viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Mark Robbins and Karen Doucette
24 Immune-Targeted Therapies for COVID-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
Michele Bartoletti and Renato Pascale
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
Part I
Overview of the Epidemiology, Risk
and Prevention of Infections