India in the Era of China’s Belt and Road Initiative India in the Era of China’s Belt and Road Initiative How Modi Responds to Xi Anil Sigdel LEXINGTONBOOKS Lanham•Boulder•NewYork• London PublishedbyLexingtonBooks AnimprintofTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 www.rowman.com 6TinworthStreet,LondonSE115AL,UnitedKingdom Copyright©2020byTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyany electronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretrievalsystems, withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewerwhomayquote passagesinareview. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Sigdel,Anil,1974–author. Title:IndiaintheeraofChina’sbeltandroadinitiative:howmodirespondstoXi/AnilSigdel. Description:Lanham:LexingtonBooks,[2020]|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.| Summary:“AstheUnitedStateswantstoseeIndiaestablishitselfasarivalpowertoChina,this bookexaminesthecriticalquestionsofhowModiissteppinguphiseffortstocounterXi Jinping’sBeltandRoadInitiative.”—Providedbypublisher. Identifiers:LCCN2020030706(print)|LCCN2020030707(ebook)|ISBN9781793601636(cloth)| ISBN9781793601643(epub) Subjects:India—Economicpolicy—2016–|Economicdevelopment—India.|Economicdevelop- ment—China.|Traderoutes—China.|India—Foreigneconomicrelations.|China—Foreign economicrelations. Classification:LCCHC435.4.S5482020(print)|LCCHC435.4(ebook)|DDC337.54—dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020030706 LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020030707 TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican NationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. Toglobalstabilityandgrowth Contents ListofAbbreviations ix Introduction xiii I:BRIandIndia’sAsianNeighborhood 1 1 BeltandRoadInitiative 3 2 India’sResponsetoBRI:SouthandSouthEastAsia 17 3 India’sResponsetoBRI:CentralAsiaandAfghanistan 37 II:India-ChinaGlobalCompetition 51 4 IndiaandChinainEurope 53 5 IndiaandChinainAfrica 65 6 IndiaintheIndianOceanRegion 81 7 IndiaandChinainLatinAmerica 95 III:India’sNewandOldAllies 109 8 FranceandIndiaintheIndo-Pacific 111 9 JapanandIndiaintheIndo-Pacific 119 10 India-USRelations:AQuasi-alliance 133 11 India-RussiaRelations:NewLevelofCooperation 149 12 Prospects 165 Bibliography 177 Index 199 vii viii Contents AbouttheAuthor 205