Increasing Seismic Safety by Combining Engineering Technologies and Seismological Data PDF
Preview Increasing Seismic Safety by Combining Engineering Technologies and Seismological Data
Increasing Seismic Safety by Combining Engineering Technologies and Seismological Data NATO Science for Peace and Security Series This Series presents the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Programme: Science for Peace and Security (SPS). The NATO SPS Programme supports meetings in the following Key Priority areas: (1) Defence Against Terrorism; (2) Countering other Threats to Security and (3)NATO, Partner and Mediterranean Dialogue Country Priorities. The types of meeting supported are generally "Advanced Study Institutes" and "Advanced Research Workshops". The NATO SPS Series collects together the results of these meetings.The meetings are co- organized by scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO's "Partner" or "Mediterranean Dialogue" countries.The observations and recommendations made at the meetings, as well as the contents of the volumes in the Series, reflect those of parti- cipants and contributors only;they should not necessarily be regarded as reflecting NATO views or policy. Advanced Study Institutes (ASI) are high-level tutorial courses intended to convey the latest developments in a subject to an advanced-level audience Advanced Research Workshops (ARW) are expert meetings where an intense but informal exchange of views at the frontiers of a subject aims at identifying directions for future action Following a transformation of the programme in 2006 the Series has been re-named and re-organised. Recent volumes on topics not related to security, which result from meetings supported under the programme earlier, may be found in the NATO Science Series. The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer, Dordrecht, in conjunction with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division. Sub-Series A. Chemistry and Biology Springer B. Physics and Biophysics Springer C. Environmental Security Springer D. Information and Communication Security IOS Press E. Human and Societal Dynamics IOS Press http://www.nato.int/science http://www.springer.com http://www.iospress.nl Series C:Environmental Security Increasing Seismic Safety by Combining Engineering Technologies and Seismological Data Edited by Marco Mucciarelli UUnniivveerrssiittyy ooff BBaassiilliiccaattaa,, DDeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff SSttrruuccttuurreess,, SSooiill DDyynnaammiiccss aanndd AApppplliieedd GGeeoollooggyy, PPootteennzzaa,, IIttaallyy Marijan Herak University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Geophysics, Zagreb, Croatia and John Cassidy Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada ABC Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Increasing Seismic Safety by Combining Engineering Technologies and Seismological Data Dubrovnik, Croatia 19–21 September 2007 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008936835 ISBN 978-1-4020-9194-0 (PB) ISBN 978-1-4020-9193-3 (HB) ISBN 978-1-4020-9196 -4 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 2009 Springer Science + Business Media B.V. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Contents Introduction.................................................... ix Contributors....................................................... xiii ParticipantSketches ................................................ xvi 1 TheUseofAmbientNoiseforBuildingandSoilCharacterisation ... 1 MarijanHerak 1.1 TheNeedforStandardizedApproachforEstimatingtheLocal SiteEffectsBasedonAmbientNoiseRecordings ............. 3 KuvvetAtakan 1.2 AreTransientsCarryingUsefulInformationforEstimating H/VSpectralRatios? .................................... 17 StefanoParolai,MatteoPicozzi,AngeloStrollo,MarcoPilz, DomenicoDiGiacomo,BarbaraLiss,andDinoBindi 1.3 BasicStructureofQTS(HVSR)andExamples ofApplications.......................................... 33 YutakaNakamura 1.4 AmbientNoiseandSiteResponse:FromEstimationofSite EffectstoDeterminationoftheSubsoilStructure............. 53 FranciscoJ.Cha´vez-Garc´ıa 1.5 In-SituEstimatesofMaterialDampingfromEnvironmental NoiseMeasurements ..................................... 73 DarioAlbarelloandFrancescoBaliva 1.6 Estimates of Vs30 Based on Constrained H/V Ratio MeasurementsAlone..................................... 85 SilviaCastellaroandFrancescoMulargia v vi Contents 1.7 Comparison of Recorded Dynamic Characteristics ofStructuresandGroundDuringStrongandWeakShaking ... 99 MehmetC¸elebi 1.8 HVSR Technique Improvement Using Redundant WaveletTransform ...................................... 117 FilipposVallianatosandGeorgeHloupis 2 EffectofBuildingsonFree-FieldGroundMotion................. 139 MarcoMucciarelli 2.1 Effect of Building-Building Interaction on “Free-Field” GroundMotion ......................................... 141 MarcoMucciarelli,RoccoDitommaso,MariaRosariaGallipoli, andFelicePonzo 3 RoleofDynamicPropertiesonBuildingVulnerability............. 147 AngeloMasi 3.1 HowFarAmbientNoiseMeasurementMayHelptoAssess BuildingVulnerability? .................................. 151 ClaudeBoutinandSte´phaneHans 3.2 AssessmentofSeismicCapacityofExistingBuildings–Effects ofUncertainties ......................................... 181 DimitriosBaros,MiltiadisKyrkos,AndreasMaravas, andStavrosAnagnostopoulos 3.3 EstimationofthePeriodofVibrationofExistingRCBuilding TypesBasedonExperimentalDataandNumericalResults..... 207 AngeloMasiandMarcoVona 3.4 Retrofitting and Strengthening Evaluation from Stiffness VariationsofaDamagedBuildingfromAmbientVibration Recordings ............................................. 227 MohammedN.Farsi,BertrandGuillier,Jean-LucChatelain, andSid-AhmedZermout 4 State-of-the-Art–RecentAdvancesandApplications ............. 239 JohnF.Cassidy 4.1 MicrotremorSoil-StructureResonanceStudyintheBovec Basin(NWSlovenia) Related to1998 and 2004 Damaging Earthquakes............................................ 241 AndrejGosar 4.2 RecentEarthquakeSiteResponseStudiesinCanada.......... 257 JohnF.CassidyandSheriMolnar Contents vii 4.3 RecentApplicationsofAmbientVibrationMeasurements inCroatia .............................................. 281 MarijanHerak 4.4 ApplicationstoWorldHeritageSites ....................... 293 YutakaNakamura,JunSaita,andTsutomuSato 4.5 TwoApplicationsoftheHVSRTechniquetoCulturalHeritage andHistoricalMasonry .................................. 325 DomenicoLiberatore,MarcoMucciarelli,MariaRosariaGallipoli, andNicolaMasini 4.6 OverviewofSeismicHazardStudiesinTunisCity ............ 337 NajlaBouden-Romdhane,PierreMechler,Anne-MarieDuval, andSamehAnibi 4.7 AnEmpiricalGeotechnicalSeismicSiteResponseProcedure... 353 AdrianRodriguez-Marek,JonathanD.Bray, andNormA.Abrahamson 5 Conclusions ................................................ 381 Introduction Thecurrentstate-of-the-artallowsseismologiststogivestatisticalestimatesofthe probability of a large earthquake striking a given region, identifying the areas in whichtheseismichazardisthehighest.However,theusefulnessoftheseestimates islimited,withoutinformationaboutlocalsubsoilconditionsandthevulnerability of buildings. Identifying the sites where a local amplification of seismic shaking willoccur,andidentifyingthebuildingsthatwillbetheweakestundertheseismic shakingistheonlystrategythatallowseffectivedefenceagainstearthquakedamage atanaffordablecost,byapplyingselectivereinforcementonlytothestructuresthat needit. Unfortunately, too often the Earth’s surface acted as a divide between seismol- ogists and engineers. Now it is becoming clear that the building behaviour largely dependsontheseismicinputandthebuildingsontheirturnactasseismicsources, inanintricateinterplaythatnon-linearphenomenamakeevenmorecomplex.These phenomenaareoftenthecauseofobserveddamageenhancementduringpastearth- quakes.Whileresearchmaypursuecomplexmodelstofullyunderstandsoildynam- ics under seismic loading, we need, at the same time, simple models valid on average, whose results can be easily transferred to end users without prohibitive expenditure.Verycomplexmodelsrequirealargeamountofdatathatcanonlybe obtainedataveryhighcostormaybeimpossibletogetatall. Today,theinteractionbetweenengineersandseismologistsisincreasing,butstill manyquestionsremainunanswered.TheideaoforganizingtheAdvancedResearch Workshop (ARW) in Dubrovnik, Croatia (19–21 September, 2007, http://nato. gfz.hr/Arw/Arw.html) came from recent discussions during meetings that put together seismologists and engineers: the NATO Science for Peace project named “Assessment of Seismic Site Amplification and Seismic Building Vulnerability in theFYRMacedonia,CroatiaandSlovenia”(ASSASBV,moredetailsathttp://nato. gfz.hr), the ECEES Conference, Session STS-10 (http://www.usc.edu/dept/civil eng/Earthquake eng/ECEES STS-E10/) and a joint seismologists-engineers work- shopheldinItaly(http://www.reluis.it/). ix x Introduction Under the title “Increasing Seismic Safety by Combining Engineering Technologies and Seismological Data”, we grouped several topics to be discussed togetherbyengineersandseismologists: 1. Can we use ambient noise building and soil characterisation to extract useful informationforengineers? 2. Howwecantellapartafrequencydecreaseduetodistributeddamage,concen- trateddamage,time-varyingbuildingandsoilbehaviour? 3. Whichistheroleoftransientsinambientnoiseanalysis? 4. Canwequantifytheinfluenceofexistingbuildingsonground-motionrecordings (bothnoiseandearthquake)? 5. Towhichextentsoil-buildingresonanceisacauseofdamageenhancement? 6. Howtocouplesoilandbuildingnon-linearbehaviour? TheARWaimedtobringtogetherthemostrecentexperiencefromhighlyqualified scientists, compare national experience and ongoing projects, and provide frame- workfordiscussionamongparticipants. Theexpectedoutcomeswereguidelinesthatwillhelptomakethemostofcurrent practice,newideastobeputforwardinfutureresearchandgivetheopportunityto devisenew,largerprojectsonatrans-nationalbasis. Among the examples of possible practical results to be implemented following theoutcomeofthemeetingare: • Modificationtoexistingbuildingcodesforsoilclassification • Simplified approaches to building vulnerability and soil-building resonance, to beputinpracticeinmegacities However, it has to be pointed out that we did not want to reach consensus at all costs.Amongtheinvitedspeakers,someareknownfordifferentpointsofviewon some topics. The organisers believe that only from the comparison of contrasting theories it is possible to achieve advancements in knowledge. If a single idea was agreed upon, this was most welcome. But when contrasting views remained, they arefairlyrepresentedinworkshopproceedings,sotostimulatefurtherresearch.The conclusionoftheARWrepresentthecurrentstatusofknowledge.Onmostquestion thereisanunanimousanswer,butinsomecasesdifferentviewsarepresentandthe disagreementisfaithfullyreported. The Editors wish to acknowledge the support of the NATO Science committee thatmadepossibletheorganisationoftheworkshopandthepublicationofthisbook. LecturesGiven Wednesday,19September,9:30–13:00 MarijanHerak–MarcoMucciarelli:WelcomespeechandpresentationofProject ASSASBV(NATOSfP980857) Introduction xi Kuvvet Atakan: The need for standardized H/V spectral ratio approach: Data collection,processingandinterpretation PacoChavez-Garcia:Seismicnoise,soilresponse,andsubsoilstructure YutakaNakamura:CharacteristicsofH/VSpectrum Wednesday,19September,15:00–18:30 DarioAlbarello:Insituestimateofseismicattenuationfromnoisemeasurements Francesco Mulargia: Constrained single-station only HVSR estimates of Vs30 anddeviationsfrom1-Dsubsoilgeometry Andrej Gosar: Microtremor study for assessing site effects in the Bovec basin (NWSlovenia)relatedto1998Mw5.6and2004Mw5.2earthquakes JohnF.Cassidy:EarthquakeSiteResponseStudiesinCanada:RecentAdvances andApplications Thursday,20September,9:30–13:00 Adrian Rodriguez-Marek: Geotechnical Site Classifications for Building Code Applications John Douglas: Using seismological data to improve ground-motion predictions forengineeringpurposes AdrianRodriguez-Marek:GeotechnicalAspectsoftheAugust15,2007Mw8.0 Pisco,PeruEarthquake:PreliminaryObservations Pierre-Yves Bard: Modifications to seismic hazard due to urban environment: increaseordecrease–Constraintsfromnumericalandphysicalmodelling Thursday,20September,15:00–18:30 MarcoMucciarelli:Effectofbuiltenvironmenton“freefield”groundmotion Jun Saita: Vulnerability Assessment for Ground and Structures using Ambient Noise Marijan Herak: Recent measurements of ambient vibrations in buildings in Croatia ZoranMilutinovic´:Modalanalysisofspecialstructuresusingambientvibration Friday,21September,9:30–13:00 Dominik H. Lang: The application of ambient seismic noise for engineering purposes ClaudeBoutin:Howfarambientnoisemeasurementsmayhelptoassessbuilding vulnerability? StavrosA.Anagnostopoulos:Assessmentofseismiccapacityofexistingbuild- ingsunderuncertainsoilproperties Najla Bouden Romdhane: Overview of Seismic Site Response Analysis in TunisCity Friday,21September,15:00–18:30 Mehmet Celebi: Comparison of recorded dynamic characteristics of structures andgroundduringstrongandweakshaking
The list of books you might like
