Incorporation of Active Elements into the Articulated Total Body Model.

108 Pages·2017·4.03 MB·English

AD-AI62 518 INCORPORATION OF ACTIVE ELEMENTS INTO THE ARTICULATED 1/2
TOTAL BODY MODEL (U) PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV
UNIVERSITY PARK DEPT OF INDUSTRIAL AN A FREIVALDS
UNLSSFIED 38 JUN 85 AAMRL-TR-85-861 F336i5-83-C-0506 F/G 6116 NL
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SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
is REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION lb/.i )'BTaRIvCA'KIIj/.y
Unclassified
2s. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3. DISTRIBUTIONIAVAILABILITY OF REPORT
Approved for public release,
12b. OECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRAOING SCHEDULE Distribution Unlimited.
4. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) 5. MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S)
AAMRL-TR-85-061
6&. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION
The Pennsylvania State (If applicable) Harry G. Armstrong Aerospace Medical
University I Research Laboratory
6c. ADDRESS (City. State and ZIP Code) 7b. ADDRESS (City, State and ZIP Code)
Department of Industrial & Management Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433
Systems Engineering
University Park PA 16802
Ba. NAME OF FUNDING/SPONSORING Bb. OFFICE SYMBOL 9. PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
- ORGANIZATION (If applicable)
US Air Force/AFSC AAMRL F33615-83-C-0506
. Sc. ADDRESS (City. State and ZIP Code) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NOS.
PROGRAM PROJECT TASK WORK UNIT
eryntumi a iiinELEMENT NO . NO. NO. NO.
Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433 61102F 2312 V3
!11. TITLE (Include Security Clasiflcation) 62202F 7231 23 07
See rpverse side I
12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S)
Freivalds, Andris
13a. TYPE OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPORT (Yr., Mo.. Day) 15. PAGE COUNT
Final FROM8 3SeP26 TO85Ju-n3O1 1985 June 30 97
16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION
17. COSATI CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS lContinue on reuerse if neceuary and identify by block number)
-FIELD GROUP SUB. GR. Articulated Total Body Model, Biodynamics, Biokinematic
06 02 Modeling, Neuromusculature
' 07
19. ABSTRACT (Continue on reveree if necessary and identify by bloci, number)
The Articulated Total Body (ATB) Model, based on rigid-body dynamics with Euler equation
of motion and Lagrange type constraints, is used by the Harry G. Armstrong Aerospace Medical
Research Laboratory to predict the forces and motions experienced by air crew personnel in
typical flight operations. To provide a more realistic representation of human dynamics,
active neuromusculature was added to the ATB Model using elements of the newly developed
advanced harness system.
A lumped three-parameter muscle model with a contractile element, a damping element
and a parallel elastic element was developed. The contractile element included a length-
tension relationship, a force-velocity relationship and an active state function. The
basic fiber mechanisms were integrated into muscle systems utilizing motor unit organization
orderly recruitment of motor units and adjustments in force due to fatigue and reflex
' action. The complete muscle systems were then used to replicate the human neuromusculature
of the trunk and neck and for the elbow, shoulder, hip and knee joints,
20. OISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21. ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED X SAME AS RPT. C OTIC USERS 0 Unclassified
22s. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b TELEPHONE NUMBER 22c OFFICE SYMBOL
(Include Area Code)
CORY CARROLL [phone] AAMRL/BBM
D FORM 1473, 83 APR EDITION OF 1 JAN 73 IS OBSOLETE.
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE
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SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE
Block 11 continued.
Incorporation of Active Elements into the Articulated Total Body Model
Block 19 continued.
Several validation studies were performed. One simulated elbow flexion with one
muscle/harness system representing the biceps brachii and the brachialis. The results
indicated that the force velocity effects produced the greatest changes in force, with
significant force changes due to the parallel-elastic element. Other studies simulated
the whole body response to a 2Gy lateral force utilizing trunk musculature. Although
the musculature did not completely prevent the lateral deflection of the body, the
response was significantly delayed compared to a control response, with the head and
neck maintaining the upright posture for a longer period of time.
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION Of THIS PAGE
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PREFACE
Research in this final report was performed under United
States Air Force Research Contract No. F33615-83-C-0506 awarded
to The Pennsylvania State University from September 26, 1983
to June 30, 1985. The United States Air Force Project Engineer
was Captain Cory D. Carroll of the Modeling and Analysis Branch,
Biodynamics and Bioengineering Division, Harry G. Armstrong
Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.
The author expresses his sincere thanks to Dr. Ints Kaleps of
the Harry G. Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, for
his suggestions, evaluations and impetus for the research.
I.N
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF FIGURES ............ ......................... vi
LIST OF TABLES ........... ........................... viii
LIST OF SYMBOLS ......... .......................... ... ix
I. INTRODUCTION i...................
II. OBJECTIVES .............. ........................... 2
III. PHASE I - THE BASIC MUSCLE MODEL ........ ................. 3
A. Skeletal Muscle ........... ..................... 3
B. Passive Viscoelastic Elements ........ ............... 5
C. Active Muscle Elements ....... .................... .11
IV. PHASE II - ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT ....... ................. .. 19
A. Organization of Fibers into Motor Units ... ......... ... 19
B. Orderly Recruitment Patterns ..... ................ ... 21
C. Feedback Control .......... ................... .. 26
D. Time Varying Effects ..... ......... . . . . . . . . . 29
V. PHASE III- MODELLING THE GENERAL MUSCULATURE .... ........ ... 31
""". iii
A. Elbow Joint .......... ........................ .. 31
B. Shoulder Joint ........ ....................... ... 33
C. Hip and Knee Joint ......... .................... ... 34
D. Trunk and Neck Musculature ...... .................. .. 34
VI. PHASE IV - SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEUROMUSCULATURE . . .. 35
A. Increasing the Number of Muscles .... ............... .. 35
B. Active Neuromusculature ....... ................... .. 39
VII. SIMULATION AND VALIDATION ....... ..................... .. 44
A. Simulation of Trunk and Neck Musculature .............. .. 44
B. Sensitivity of Muscle Origins and Insertions ......... ... 45
C. Anatomical Studies of Trunk Musculature ... .......... .. 54
VIII. CONCLUSIONS ............. .......................... 54
APPENDIX A - INPUT DATA FOR HUMAN MUSCULATURE ................
Table 1 - Elbow Musculature ........ ................. .. A-I
Table 2 -Shoulder Musculature ...... ................. ... A-2
Table 3 - Hip and Knee Musculature ..... ............... ... A-3 - A-4
Table 4 - Neck Musculature ....... .................. .. A-5 - A-6
Table 5 - Trunk Musculature ....... ................. .. A-7 - A-8
iv
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.. P7 -7
APPENDIX B- LISTING OF FORTRAN IV SOURCE DECK FOR SUBROUTINE
MUSCLE . ...................... B-1l-B-2
APPENDIX C - LISTING OF FORTRAN IV SOURCE DECK FOR SUBROUTINE
HINPUT. ....................... C-l -C-3
APPENDIX D - REVISIONS TO VALIDATION OF THE CRASH VICTIM SIMULATOR
VOL. 3, USER'S MANUAL .. ................ D-1 - D-2
APPENDIX E - ATB SPECIFICATIONS FOR HUMAN MUSCULATURE ......
Table 6 - Elbow Musculature ................... i-
Table 7 - Shoulder Musculature .. ................ E-2
Table 8 - Hip and Knee Musculature .. ............... E-3
-Table 9 - Neck Musculature .. ................... E-4
-- Table 10 - Trunk Musculature .. ................. E-5
-APPEDK F-REFERERcES. ...... .............. F-1-F-5
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