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IMPACT ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI FED ON BIOFLOC GROWN WITH DIFFERENT CARBON SOURCES BY DASARI PAMANNA , B.F.Sc. THESIS SUBMITTED TO SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF FISHERY SCIENCE IN THE FACULTY OF FISHERY SCIENCE (AQUACULTURE) DEPARTMENT OF AQUACULTURE COLLEGE OF FISHERY SCIENCE, MUTHUKUR - 524 344 SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh AUGUST, 2015 CONTENTS Chapter TITLE Page No. No. 1 INTRODUCTION 1-11 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 13-33 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 34-46 4 RESULTS 47-82 5 DISCUSSION 83-88 6 SUMMARY 89-91 7 REFERENCES 92-119 LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page No. No. Proximate composition of experimental feed & different carbon 1 40 sources Weekly variation of Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) in the tanks treated 2 49 with various carbohydrate sources as biofloculating agents Weekly variation of Temperature (0C) in the tanks treated with 3 51 various carbohydrate sources as biofloculating agents Weekly variation of pH in the tanks treated with various 4 53 carbohydrate sources as biofloculating agents Weekly variation of Total Alkalinity (mg/l) in the tanks treated 5 55 with various carbohydrate sources as biofloculating agents Weekly variation of TAN (mg/l) in the tanks treated with various 6 57 carbohydrate sources as biofloculating agents Growth performance of L. vannamei in the tanks treated with 7 61 various carbohydrate sources as biofloculating agents 8 Statistical analysis for Growth Performance 62 Weight gain in L. vannamei fed on biofloc grown with different 9 64 carbon sources 10 Statistical analysis for weight gain 65 The percentage of survival of L.vannamei fed on biofloc grown 11 68 with different carbon sources 12 Statistical analysis for Survival 69 Specific Growth Rates (%) of L.vannamei fed on biofloc grown 13 72 with different carbon sources Feed Conversion Ratio of L.vannamei fed on biofloc grown with 14 76 different carbon sources 15 Statistical analysis for FCR 77 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Title Page No. No. Weekly variation of Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) in the tanks treated 1 50 with various carbohydrate sources as biofloculating agents Weekly variation of Temperature (0C) in the tanks treated with 2 52 various carbohydrate sources as biofloculating agents Weekly variation of pH in the tanks treated with various 3 54 carbohydrate sources as biofloculating agents Weekly variation of Total Alkalinity (mg/l) in the tanks treated 4 56 with various carbohydrate sources as biofloculating agents Weekly variation of TAN (mg/l) in the tanks treated with various 5 58 carbohydrate sources as biofloculating agents Growth performance (g) of L. vannamei fed on biofloc grown with 6 63 different carbon sources Weight gain in L. vannamei fed on biofloc grown with different 7 66 carbon sources The percentage of survival of L. vannamei fed on biofloc grown 8 70 with different carbon sources Specific Growth Rates (%) of L. vannamei fed on biofloc grown 9 73 with different carbon sources Feed Conversion Ratio of L. vannamei fed on biofloc grown with 10 78 different carbon sources LIST OF PLATES Plate Title Page No. No. 1 Litopenaeus vannamei 12 Experimental carbon sources molasses, wheat flour and tapioca 2 36 flour used as biofloc agent 3 Experimental set-up in the wet-laboratory 37 3.1.Experimental animals fed with wheat flour as biofloc agent 37 3.2. Experimental animals fed with tapioca flour as biofloc agent 38 3.3. Experimental animals fed with molasses as biofloc agent 38 4 L. vannamei length measurement 45 5 L. vannamei weight measurement 45 6 Biofloc in different carbon source treatment tanks 46 7 Biofloc composition 80 8 Rotifer- Brachionus placatilis observed in biofloc 80 9 Ciliophora protozaon - Stenter roeseli observed in biofloc 81 10 Globigirina sps observed in biofloc 81 11 Verticella sps observed in biofloc 82 12 Parametium sps observed in biofloc 82 ABBREVATIONS T Treatment Degree Centigrade 0C Cm Centimeter PL Postlarvae mg/l Milligram per liter Ltr Litre ANOVA Analysis Of Variance % Percentage Fig. Figure G Grams Kg Kilograms ppm parts per million Temp. Temperature FCR Feed Conversion Ratio ppt parts per thousand DO Dissolved Oxygen TAN Total Ammonia Nitrogen SGR Specific Growth Rate ADG Average Daily Weight Gain SPF Specific Pathogen Free SCP Single Cell Protein ProPO Pro Phenol Oxidase CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled “IMPACT ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI FED ON BIOFLOC GROWN WITH DIFFERENT CARBON SOURCES” Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF FISHERY SCIENCE in AQUACULTURE in the Faculty of Fishery Science of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati is a record of the bona fide research work carried out by Mr. DASARI PAMANNA, ID. No. MFM/2013-002 under our guidance and supervision. The subject of the thesis has been approved by the Student’s Advisory Committee. No part of the thesis has been submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma. All assistance and help received during the course of investigations have been duly acknowledged by the author of the thesis. ( A.CHANDRASEKHARA RAO) Chairperson of the Advisory Committee Thesis approved by the Student’s Advisory Committee Chairperson: Dr. A. CHANDRASEKHARA RAO Assistant professor Dept. of Aquaculture College of Fishery Science Muthukur – 524 344 Member : Dr. D. RAVINDRA KUMAR REDDY Professor & Head Dept. of Aquaculture College of Fishery Science Muthukur – 524 344 Member : Dr. N. MADHAVAN Associate professor & Head Dept. of Fishery Engineering College of Fishery Science Muthukur – 524 344 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. DASARI PAMANNA, I.D. No. MFM/2013-002 has satisfactorily persecuted the course of research and that the thesis entitled “IMPACT ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI FED ON BIOFLOC GROWN WITH DIFFERENT CARBON SOURCES” submitted is the result of his original research work and so sufficiency high in standard enabling its presentation to the evaluation. I also certify that the thesis or part thereof has not been previously submitted by him for a degree or diploma of any University. Date : Dr. A.CHANDRASEKHARA RAO (Major Advisor) DECLARATION I Mr. DASARI PAMANNA, hereby declare that the thesis entitled “IMPACT ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI FED ON BIOFLOC GROWN WITH DIFFERENT CARBON SOURCES” submitted to Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati for the degree of MASTER OF FISHERY SCIENCE majoring in AQUACULTURE is the result of original research work done by me. I also declare that the materials contained in this thesis have not been published earlier. Date: DASARI PAMANNA) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I solicitly convey my gratitude to the authorities of Sri Vekateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati for granting me the permission to pursue postgraduate studies and providing me all the necessary facilities at College of Fishery Science, Muthukur. I wish to record my sincere thanks to Dr. Manmohan Singh, I.A.S, Hon’ble Vice Chancellor and Dr. P. Sudhakar Reddy, Registrar, of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati for encouragement without which I would not be in a position to complete this programme. I am grateful to Dr. T.V.Ramana, Dean, Faculty of Fishery Science, SVVU, Tirupati for his kind co-operation and providing necessary facilities to carry out this research. My sincere thanks and gratitude to Dr. K.S. Krishna Prasad, Associate Dean, College of Fishery Science, Muthukur, for providing me all the necessary facilities to complete my research work. I profess my heartful gratefulness and sincere regard to my esteemed guide Dr. A. Chandrasekhara Rao, Assistant Professor, Department of Aquaculture, College of Fishery Science, Muthukur, for his indefatigable effort, constructive criticism, erudite counseling, instinctive attention, constant encouragement, inspiring suggestions, benign attitude and sagacity coupled with patience in guiding me at every stage of this investigation and preparation of this thesis. I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. D. Ravindra Kumar Reddy, Professor and Head, Department of Aquaculture, College of Fishery Science, Muthukur, for his positive support, untiring effort and good wishes extended to me during my research work. I owe a deep sense of reverence to Dr. N. Madhavan, Associate Professor & Head, Department of Fishery Engineering, for his valuable advice and unconditional support, which enforced me to specially thank him forever.
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