Important Helminth Infections in Southeast Asia: Diversity and Potential for Control and Elimination, Part A PDF
Preview Important Helminth Infections in Southeast Asia: Diversity and Potential for Control and Elimination, Part A
SERIES EDITORS D. ROLLINSON S. I. HAY DepartmentofZoology, Spatial Epidemiology and Ecology Group TheNaturalHistoryMuseum, TinbergenBuilding,DepartmentofZoology London,UK University of Oxford, South Parks Road [email protected] Oxford,UK [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD M. G. BASA´N˜EZ R. E. SINDEN Reader in Parasite Epidemiology, InfectionandImmunitySection,Depart- Member and Head, Helminth Ecology ment of Biological Sciences, Imperial Research Group, Department of Infec- College of Science, Technology and tious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine,London,UK Medicine, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK S. BROOKER D. SMITH Department of Tropical and Infectious EmergingPathogensInstitute,University Diseases, London School of Hygiene ofFlorida,Gainesville,Florida,USA and Tropical Medicine, UK and Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme Nairobi, Kenya ROBIN B. GASSER R. C. A. THOMPSON DepartmentofVeterinaryScience,The Department of Parasitology and University of Melbourne, Werribee, WHO Collaborating Centre for the Victoria, Australia Molecular Epidemiology of Parasitic Infections, School of Veterinary and N. HALL Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch Univer- sity,Murdoch,Australia SchoolofBiologicalSciences,University ofLiverpool,Liverpool, UK R. C. OLIVERA X. N. ZHOU Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou/ Professor and Deputy Director, CPqRR - A FIOCRUZ em Minas Gerais, NationalInstituteofParasiticDiseases, Rene Rachou Research Center/CPqRR - Chinese Center for Disease Control The Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in the and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s StateofMinasGerais-Brazil,Brazil Republic of China AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 32JamestownRoad,London,NW17BY,UK 525BStreet,Suite1900,SanDiego,CA92101-4495,USA 30CorporateDrive,Suite400,Burlington,MA01803,USA Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,TheNetherlands Firstedition2010 Copyright#2010ElsevierLtd. Allrightsreserved. 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ISBN:978-0-12-381513-2 ISSN:0065-308X ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications visitourwebsiteatwww.elsevierdirect.com PrintedandboundinUK 10 11 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTRIBUTORS RobertBergquist Ingerod,Brastad,Sweden PaulJ.Brindley Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia,USA SombatChayabejara Chairman, Southeast Asian Regional Program Review Group (RPRG), Suanluang,Bangkok,Thailand JamesConlan National Animal Health Centre, Department of Livestock and Fisheries, MinistryofAgricultureandForestry,LuangprabangRoad,Vientiane,Lao People’sDemocraticRepublic;WorldHealthOrganizationCollaborating Centre for the Molecular Epidemiology of Parasitic Infections, School of VeterinaryandBiomedicalSciences,MurdochUniversity,Murdoch,WA, Australia SocheatDuong National Centre for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, PhnomPenh,Cambodia JohnP.Ehrenberg World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Malaria,Vector-borneandotherParasiticDiseases,Manila,Philippines NicoleM.Fox World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Malaria,Vector-borneandotherParasiticDiseases,Manila,Philippines MackenzieK.Henderson World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Malaria,Vector-borneandotherParasiticDiseases,Manila,Philippines xi xii Contributors LedaHernandez Infectious Disease Office, National Center for Disease Prevention and Control,DepartmentofHealth,Manila,Philippines PeterJ.Hotez Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, GeorgeWashingtonUniversity;andSabinVaccineInstitute,Washington, DistrictofColumbia,USA PewpanM.Intapan DepartmentofParasitology,FacultyofMedicine,KhonKaenUniversity, Thailand SasithornKaewkes DepartmentofParasitology,FacultyofMedicine,KhonKaenUniversity, Thailand TuanLeAnh World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Malaria,Vector-borneandotherParasiticDiseases,Manila,Philippines LydiaLeonardo Department of Parasitology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines,Manila,Philippines ShanLv Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease ControlandPrevention,Shanghai,People’sRepublicofChina WanchaiMaleewong DepartmentofParasitology,FacultyofMedicine,KhonKaenUniversity, Thailand DonaldP.McManus Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research,Brisbane,Australia RaymondMendoza World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Malaria,Vector-borneandotherParasiticDiseases,Manila,Philippines Contributors xiii SinuonMuth National Centre for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, PhnomPenh,Cambodia SophieOdermatt-Biays Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and PublicHealthInstitute,andUniversityofBasel,Basel,Switzerland PeterOdermatt Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and PublicHealthInstitute,andUniversityofBasel,Basel,Switzerland RemigioOlveda Department of Health, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM), Muntinlupa,Manila,Philippines SamlanePhompida Centre for Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Vientiane, Lao People’sDemocraticRepublic MarthaFernandaPineda World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Malaria,Vector-borneandotherParasiticDiseases,Manila,Philippines LibertyG.Reforma World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Malaria,Vector-borneandotherParasiticDiseases,Manila,Philippines FadjarSatrija DepartmentofAnimalDiseasesandVeterinaryPublicHealth,Facultyof Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Agatis Kampus IPBDarmaga,Bogor,Indonesia SomphouSayasone DepartmentofEpidemiologyandPublicHealth,SwissTropicalandPublic HealthInstitute,andUniversityofBasel,Basel,Switzerland;andNational Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People’s DemocraticRepublic AlexanderSchratz World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Malaria,Vector-borneandotherParasiticDiseases,Manila,Philippines xiv Contributors BanchobSripa Tropical Disease Research Laboratory (TDR), Department of Pathology, FacultyofMedicine,KhonKaenUniversity,Thailand PeterSteinmann NationalInstituteofParasiticDiseases,ChineseCenterforDiseaseControl and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Department of EpidemiologyandPublicHealth,SwissTropicalandPublicHealthInstitute, andUniversityofBasel,Basel,Switzerland MohammadSudomo Ecology and Health Status Research and Development Centre, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta,Indonesia MarcelTanner Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and PublicHealthInstitute,andUniversityofBasel,Basel,Switzerland AhSianTee World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Malaria,Vector-borneandotherParasiticDiseases,Manila,Philippines L.TommasoCavalli-Sforza World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Malaria,Vector-borneandotherParasiticDiseases,Manila,Philippines Ju¨rgUtzinger Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and PublicHealthInstitute,andUniversityofBasel,Basel,Switzerland A.LeeWillinghamIII WHO/FAO Collaborating Center for Research and Training on NeglectedandOtherParasiticZoonoses,SectionforParasitology,Health andDevelopment,DepartmentofVeterinaryDiseaseBiology,Facultyof LifeSciences,UniversityofCopenhagen,FrederiksbergC,Denmark Hai-WeiWu Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China; Center for International HealthResearch,RhodeIslandHospital,Providence,RhodeIsland,USA Contributors xv Wei-PingWu NationalInstituteofParasiticDiseases,ChineseCenterforDiseaseControl andPrevention,Shanghai,People’sRepublicofChina Guo-JingYang JiangsuInstituteofParasiticDiseases,Wuxi,People’sRepublicofChina KunYang JiangsuInstituteofParasiticDiseases,Wuxi,People’sRepublicofChina YiZhang NationalInstituteofParasiticDiseases,ChineseCenterforDiseaseControl andPrevention,Shanghai,People’sRepublicofChina FengZheng National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease ControlandPrevention,Shanghai,People’sRepublicofChina Xiao-NongZhou NationalInstituteofParasiticDiseases,ChineseCenterforDiseaseControl andPrevention,Shanghai,People’sRepublicofChina FOREWORD Based on the high level of both current research and control activity, we decided to dedicate two special volumes of Advances in Parasitology to helminth infections of Southeast Asia. Our aim has been to provide an authoritative overview of the current situation and most importantly to identifyareasthatneedgreatereffort.Ourhighlymotivatedguesteditors, Xiao-Nong Zhou (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center forDiseaseControlandPrevention,Shanghai,People’sRepublicofChina), RobertBergquist(Ingerod,Brastad,Sweden),RemigioOlveda(Department ofHealth,ResearchInstituteofTropicalMedicine,Manila,Philippines)and Ju¨rg Utzinger (Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland), have used their considerableskillsandknowledgetoensurethatthesevolumesprovidean exceptionalinsightintothecurrentsituation.Bybringingtogetherapanel of international experts and leaders in research and control, they have succeededinprovidingacomprehensiveinformationsourceforthisimpor- tanttopic.Weverymuchhopethatthetwovolumeswillfurtherstimulate others to participate and help control some of these very debilitating parasiticinfections. DAVIDROLLINSONANDSIMONI.HAY xvii PREFACE These two volumes of Advances in Parasitology cover the major parasitic helminths in Southeast Asia and the People’s Republic of China (P.R.China).Thereasonsforpublishingthesevolumes,Ibelieve,arethe remarkable importance of these parasites in almost every country of the region, and the great progress achieved in the past few decades on researchandcontrolofthediseasesinsomeofthecountries. It is well recognised that health bears a critical contribution to the socialandeconomicwell-beingsofindividualsandcommunities.Numer- ous examples reveal that poverty and ill-health interact with each other bothasacauseandasaneffect,whichiswhySoutheastAsiahasbeenone ofafewmostimportantendemicregionsforthehelminthsandaccounts foralargeproportionoftheglobaldiseaseburden. Referredtointhevolumesarehelminthiases,whichareeitherwater- borne, food-borne, mosquito-borne or soil-transmitted. They have had, andcontinuetohave,adramaticimpactonthehealthofthepeopleandof livestock.Thechaptersprovideupdatedinformationondiseaseepidemi- ology, pathogenesis and control, and they also highlight insights of par- ticular concern. For instance, the socioeconomically marginalised population groups in Southeast Asia and southern P.R. China are often ethnic minorities, whose characteristic cultural, social and behavioural risk factors are contributory to the prevalence of the diseases. Drug development, vaccine research and application of geospatial health techniques are comprehensively reviewed. The health metrics issue in parasiticinfectionsisalsodiscussed,asthemeasurementofthemorbidity has long been an unsolved issue due to their chronic, insidious and frequently asymptomatic features. Application of biotechnology in the research of genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabonomics is providing extraordinary approaches to a better understanding of the biology of the helminths and their interactions with their hosts. People expectfurtherdevelopmentofnoveltoolsforcontrolinterventionsbased on the ‘‘–omics’’ information. Knowledge gaps are highlighted and researchneedsaredescribedinanumberofchapters. Partnershipplaysanessentialroleincombatingthesediseasesregionally and internationally. The Regional Network on Asian Schistosomiasis and þ OtherHelminthZoonoses(RNAS )areexcellentexamplesforestablishing regional collaboration in research management, capacity building and possiblecoordinationofcontrolactivitiessuchasintheMekongsubregion. xix xx Preface In the last few years, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the international community have paid special attention to the neglected tropical diseases including these helminthiases. Even though the condi- tionsarestillchallenging,thisisthetimetotakeactionincombatingthese diseasesbecause we now have the powerful and cost-effective tools and tested strategies for most of the infections. Furthermore, the socioeco- nomic development, including poverty alleviation in the poor popula- tions, is improving access to safe water, better sanitation and housing, which are conducive to prevent the infections. It is indeed encouraging thattheneglectedtropicaldiseasesarebackinpolicyfocusafterdecades ofsubstantialneglect. As a huge public health problem in P.R. China, lymphatic filariasis was rampant in most of the populated provinces. Due to the strenuous efforts over the past five decades, the country has declared the national eliminationofthediseasewithWHO’scertificationin2008.Therefore,we have reasons to believe that with a dedicated political commitment and available resources in all the countries, people will be able to effectively controlthediseases,ifnoteliminatetheminaforeseeableperiodoftime. YUSEN-HAI
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