Imaging of Traumatic Brain Injury PDF
Preview Imaging of Traumatic Brain Injury
Imaging of Traumatic Brain Injury Yoshimi Anzai, MD, MPH Professor of Radiology Director of Neuroradiology Director of Head and Neck Imaging Co-Director of the Radiology Health Service Research Section Department of Radiology University of Washington Seattle, Washington Kathleen R. Fink, MD Assistant Professor of Neuroradiology Department of Radiology Harborview Medical Center University of Washington Seattle, Washington Thieme New York • Stuttgart • Delhi • Rio de Janiero Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing 333 Seventh Ave. continual development. Research and clinical experience are con New York, NY 10001 tinually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions Executive Editor: William Lamsback any dosage or application, readers may rest assured that the Managing Editor: J. Owen Zurhellen IV authors, editors, and publishers have made everyeffort to ensure Assistant Managing Editor: Heather Allen thatsuchreferences are in accordance with the state of knowledge Senior VicePresident, Editorial and Electronic Product Development: at the time of production of the book. Cornelia Schulze Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express anyguar Production Editor: Sean Woznicki antee or responsibility on the partof the publishers in respectto any International Production Director: Andreas Schabert dosage instructions and forms of applications stated in the book. International Marketing Director: Fiona Henderson Every user is requested to examine carefully the manufacturers’ Director of Sales, North America: Mike Roseman leaflets accompanying each drug and to check, if necessary in con International Sales Director: Louisa Turrell sultation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage sche Vice President, Finance and Accounts: Sarah Vanderbilt dules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the President: Brian D. Scanlan manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present book. Printer: Asia Pacific Offset, Inc. Suchexamination is particularlyimportant with drugs that are either rarely used or havebeen newlyreleased on the market. Everydosage Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data schedule or every form of application used is entirely at the user’s Imaging of traumatic brain injury /[edited by]Yoshimi Anzai, own risk and responsibility. The authors and publishers request Kathleen R Fink. every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccu p. ; cm. raciesnoticed. If errors in this workare found after publication, errata Includes bibliographic references will be posted at www.thieme.com on the product description page. ISBN 978-1-60406-728-6 (hardback) –ISBN 978-1-60406-729-3 Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs (eISBN) referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or propri I. Anzai, Yoshimi, editor. II. Fink, Kathleen R., editor. etarynames even though specific reference to this fact is not always [DNLM: 1. Brain Injuries–diagnosis. 2. Brain Injuries–physiopa- made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without thology. 3. Neuroimaging–methods. 4. Prognosis. WL 354] designation as proprietaryis not to be construed as a representation RC387.5 by the publisher that it is in the public domain. 617.4'81044–dc23 2014014207 Copyright © 2015 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. Thieme Publishers New York 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001 USA +1 800 782 3488, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Stuttgart Rüdigerstrasse 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany +49 [0]711 8931 421, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Delhi A-12, Second Floor, Sector-2, Noida-201301 Uttar Pradesh, India +91 120 45 566 00, [email protected] Thieme Publishers Rio, Thieme Publicações Ltda. Argentina Building 16th floor, Ala A, 228 Praia do Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 22250-040 Brazil +55 21 3736-3631 This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copy Printed in China 5 4 3 2 1 right. Anyuse, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation without the publisher’s consent is ISBN 978-1-60406-728-6 illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photo stat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any Also available as an e-book: kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data eISBN 978-1-60406-729-3 processing and storage. To all physicians and nurses serving for trauma patients at Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. To my husband Satoshi and our daughter Erika for their love and support, and to my mother Kotoko Anzai who always believes in me. Yoshimi Anzai To my husband James, for his unwavering love and support, and to my beloved daughters Lucille and Michelle. Kathleen R. Fink Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Chapter 1: Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injuries in the United States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Bahman S. Roudsari and Yoshimi Anzai Chapter 2: Evidence-Based Imaging and Prediction Rules: Who Should Get Imaging for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Mahmud Mossa-Basha Chapter 3: Neuroimaging of Traumatic Brain Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Yoshimi Anzai Chapter 4: Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury and Impact on Management . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Kathleen R. Fink Chapter 5: Pediatric Head Trauma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Jonathan O. Swanson and Jeffrey P. Otjen Chapter 6: Postoperative Imaging of Traumatic Brain Injury. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Nicholas D. Krause, Kathleen R. Fink, and Yoshimi Anzai Chapter 7: Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Carrie P. Marder and Kathleen R. Fink Chapter 8: Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 Robert Linville and Wendy A. Cohen Chapter 9: Skull-Base Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Shivani Gupta and Kathleen R. Fink Chapter 10: Maxillofacial Trauma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Jayson L. Benjert, Kathleen R. Fink, and Yoshimi Anzai Chapter 11: Traumatic Orbital and Occular Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Roberta W. Dalley and Sarah J. Foster Chapter 12: Advanced Imaging in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Jalal B. Andre Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 vii
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