Imaging and Spectroscopic Analysis of Living Cells: Optical and Spectroscopic Techniques PDF
Preview Imaging and Spectroscopic Analysis of Living Cells: Optical and Spectroscopic Techniques
METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY Editors-in-Chief JOHN N. ABELSON AND MELVIN I. SIMON Division of Biology California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Founding Editors SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY, UK First edition 2012 Copyright # 2012, Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email: CONTRIBUTORS Volker Andresen Rudolf-Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University of Wu¨rzburg, Wu¨rzburg, Germany; and LaVision BioTec GmbH, Bielefeld, Germany Michael C. Ashby MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building and School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom Gert-Jan Bakker Microscopical Imaging of the Cell, Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands Graeme Ball Department of Biochemistry, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Marin Barisic Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Kiah Barton Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada Andre´ E.P. Bastos Centro de Qu´ımica e Bioqu´ımica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal Galina V. Beznoussenko Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy Paola Borri School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Stanley W. Botchway Research Complex at Harwell, Central Laser Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell-Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom xi xii Contributors Jonathan M. Crane Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Michael W. Davidson National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA Ilan Davis Department of Biochemistry, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Richard N. Day Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA Rodrigo F.M. de Almeida Centro de Qu´ımica e Bioqu´ımica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal Oleh Dzyubachyk Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Ning Fang Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA Peter Friedl Microscopical Imaging of the Cell, Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Rudolf-Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedi- cine and Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University of Wu¨rzburg, Wu¨rzburg, Germany Katharina Gaus Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Yves Goldberg MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom Inmaculada M. Gonza´lez-Gonza´lez MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom Contributors xiii Sarah Griffiths Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada Nicholas A. Hamilton Division of Genomics Computational Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Russell S. Hamilton Department of Biochemistry, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Nicole M. Hays Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA Jeremy M. Henley MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom Katie J. Herbst-Robinson Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Robert M. Hoffman AntiCancer, Inc. and Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA Fre´de´ric Jaskolski MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom Satoshi Kametaka Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan Kenichi Kawano Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan Yong-Eun Koo Lee Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Raoul Kopelman Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Wolfgang Langbein School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Astrid Magenau Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia xiv Contributors Helder Maiato Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and Department of Experimental Biology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Jaideep Mathur Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada Katsumi Matsuzaki Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan Erik Meijering Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Alexander A. Mironov Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy Lyndsay Murrow Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Michaela Nebel Analytische Chemie, Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, Ruhr-Universita¨t Bochum, Bochum, Germany Peter O’Neill MRC/CRUK Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom Kaoru Omae Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan Dylan M. Owen Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Anthony W. Parker Research Complex at Harwell, Central Laser Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell-Oxford, Didcot, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom Richard M. Parton Department of Biochemistry, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Contributors xv Hayley Pemble Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Anto´nio J. Pereira Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal Ammasi Periasamy W.M. Keck Center for Cellular Imaging; Departments of Biology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Iestyn Pope School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Pamela Reynolds MRC/CRUK Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom Andrea Rossi Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Martin H. Schattat Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Plant Development and Interactions, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada Wolfgang Schuhmann Analytische Chemie, Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, Ruhr-Universita¨t Bochum, Bochum, Germany Albert Schulte Biochemistry-Electrochemistry Research Unit, Schools of Chemistry and Bio- chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand Silvia Scolari Centro de Qu´ımica e Bioqu´ımica, Faculdade de Cieˆncias da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal Ihor Smal Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Erasmus MC—University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Martin Sto¨ckl Nanobiophysics, MESAþ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands xvi Contributors Samantha Stehbens Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Yuansheng Sun W.M. Keck Center for Cellular Imaging; Departments of Biology and Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA A.S. Verkman Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Satoshi Waguri Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan Gufeng Wang Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA Peter Watson School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom David Williamson Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Torsten Wittmann Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Yoshiaki Yano Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan Jin Zhang Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and The Solomon H. Snyder Departments of Neuroscience and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Xin Zhou Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA PREFACE Going back to the dawn of light microscopy, imaging techniques have provided the opportunity for developing models of cellular function. Over the past 40 years, the availability of technology for high-resolution imaging and for evaluation of those images in live cells has extended our reach and, accordingly, our ability to understand cell function. Given the large number of choices in equipment and approaches, sorting out the best approach can be challenging, even to seasoned investigators. The present volumes provide descriptions of methods used to image living cells, with particular reference to the technical approaches and reagents needed and approaches to selecting the best techniques. The authors explain how these methods are able to provide important biological insights in normal and pathological cells. Authors were selected based on research contributions in the area about which they have written and based on their ability to describe their meth- odological contribution in a clear and reproducible way. They have been encouraged to make use of graphics, comparisons to other methods, and to provide tricks and approaches not revealed in prior publications that make it possible to adapt methods to other systems. The editor wants to express appreciation to the contributors for providing their contributions in a timely fashion, to the senior editors for guidance, and to the staff at Academic Press for helpful input. P. MICHAEL CONN xvii METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY VOLUME I. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME II. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME III. Preparation and Assay of Substrates Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME IV. Special Techniques for the Enzymologist Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME V. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME VI. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes (Continued) Preparation and Assay of Substrates Special Techniques Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME VII. Cumulative Subject Index Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK AND NATHAN O. KAPLAN VOLUME VIII. Complex Carbohydrates Edited by ELIZABETH F. NEUFELD AND VICTOR GINSBURG VOLUME IX. Carbohydrate Metabolism Edited by WILLIS A. WOOD VOLUME X. Oxidation and Phosphorylation Edited by RONALD W. ESTABROOK AND MAYNARD E. PULLMAN VOLUME XI. Enzyme Structure Edited by C. H. W. HIRS VOLUME XII. Nucleic Acids (Parts A and B) Edited by LAWRENCE GROSSMAN AND KIVIE MOLDAVE VOLUME XIII. Citric Acid Cycle Edited by J. M. LOWENSTEIN VOLUME XIV. Lipids Edited by J. M. LOWENSTEIN VOLUME XV. Steroids and Terpenoids Edited by RAYMOND B. CLAYTON xix
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