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IEE PROCEEDINGS Science, Measurement and Technology Vol. 149, 2002 Published by The IEE, Savoy Place, London WC2R OBL, United Kingdom Publishing Department: Michael Faraday House, Six Hills Way, Stevenage, Herts. SG1 2AY, United Kingdom IEE Proceedings a SCIENCE, MEASUREMENT AND TECHNOLOGY & The Institution of Electrical Engineers, Savoy Place, London WC2R OBL, United Kingdom TRE Publishing Department: Michael Faraday House, Six Hills Way, Stevenage, Herts. SG1 2AY, United Kingdom Volume 149 2002 UK ISSN 1350-2344 HONORARY EDITORS Dr. G.W. Chantry (/nternational Technology Transfer Consultant) Dr. M.J. Cunningham (University of Manchester) Dr. R. A. Fouracre (University of Strathclyde) Pages in issues of IEE Proc.-Sci. Meas. Technol., 2002 Pages Issue No. Date 1-48 January 49-112 March 113-152 May 153-180 July 181-296 September 297-350 November This publication is copyright under the Berne Convention and the Universal Copyright Convention. All rights reserved. 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The IEE is a member of the Association of Learned & Professional Society Publishers. © 2002: The Institution of Electrical Engineers Chief Executive of the IEE: Alf Roberts BSc PhD CEng FIEE FinstP Managing Editor: Stuart Govan Editorial Manager: Shirley Rossall Editorial Assistants: Linda Meller and April Sparks Printed by: Black Bear Press Limited, Cambridge, United Kingdom Index IEE Proceedings Science, Measurement and Technology Vol. 149, 2002 Author Index Excell, P.S. p272 Konefal, T. p28] Ren, Z. pl47 FE Rodriguez, M. p3 39 L Rossi, M. p289 A Rouve, L.-L. p19% \bd-Alhameed, R.A. p272 FFaarni,n a, LM.M.. pp92 07 LLie,e , E. pR.-2T. 86 p172 S Abuelma’atti, M.T. p127 Fixter, G. p323 Liang, C. p286 Araneo, R. p37 Fletcher, N.E p299, p302 Lidgate, S.C.M. p262 Sali, S. p2 Austin, B.A. p92 Fiintoft, 1.D. p281 Lord, J.A. p246 Savov, S.V. p258 Awan, S.A. p2 Foggia, A. p190 Schavemaker, P.H pl7, pIs3 B FFFFroruouanirnadnsbueeirtnko,,it ,, GJ..S B.. pp2p10p733198 9 ,0 p158 M SSShetiweper,ln ib,eK r.gS,P.. B.ppK21.59 04, p529 22 62 Ma, J.-F. 246 Su, Q. plil7 Barclay, I. pl05 Machado, V.M. p242 Sykulski, J.K. pl‘ 4 Beckett. D.H. p293 G Mardiana, R. p60 Belmans, R. p67 Marketos, P p218s - Benham, S.P. p246 Melkebeek, J.A.A. p222 BBiernos,o nO,. Tp.Ml.8 2 p262 GGheonsehr,o wiSc. z, p7J3. M. p293 MMeetuanxaise,r , GA..C . p19p02 77 Tanaka, T p79 Bongiraud, J.-P. p190 Girdinio, P. p289 Milicevic, M.S. p113 Tayyar, LH. p49 Bramanti, A. p207 Goddard, K.F. p194 Miiicevic, V.M. p1l13 Thomas, K.S. p2é 3 Buyukaksoy, A. p49 Mittra, R. p246 Treen, A.S. p32m3s H Molinari, M. p293 Cc Moroz, Y.I. p218 Vv Moses, A.J p218 Hameyer. K. p67, p203, p214 Mukhopadhyay, S.C. p1l65 Cao, X. p45 Hamid, E.Y. p60 van der Sluis, L pl7, pi53 Celozzi, S._ p37 Hao, Y. p267 N Van Dommelen, D p203 CChheann,g , S.C.M . plp197 HHea,r tlHa.nMd., A.p 9 p299 VVaannddeev elSdaen,de , LH. p23p27227 i4 Chiou, Y.-C. p72 Henrotte, F. p203 Nowak, L. p199 CChhroiosntgo,p ouYl.oKs., Cp. 250p 250, p254 HHieertbte, n,B .P.M .H.pA2°J . p258 Ww Chung, H. p45 Holden, S p3 Chung. H.-H. pl72 Holland, K. Wei, X. p286 Clemens, M. p232, p237 Howes, J p3 Weiland, T. p232 . p2332 7 Cox, S.J. p293 Hui, S.Y.R. p45 Whyman, NI p28! Wiatr, W p333 D Williams, J.M. p302, p313 Witt, TJ. p305 Davenport, E.M. p227 Ida, N. p147 PPaahlneurs, inUs.k iOp,.2 A0.3 p85 Y Dawson, J.F. p281 Parini, C.G. p267 De Coster, J. p203 J Patel, PD. p313 De Gersem, H. p237 Paul, J. p254 Yan, W. p45 Delfino, F. p289 Pharmatrisanti, A. p17 Youngs, IJ. p323 Deliege, G. p203 Janssen, T.J.B.M. p299, p302 Podlozny, \ p254 DDie mBeanrkboa,, P.A . pp2l0s76 Jones, R.G. p320 PPorlalkaarsdh,, V.RV.D.. S. p34p52 46 Z Douvalis, V. p267 K Procopio, R. p289 Driesen, J. p67 Zhong, D.Z py Du, Y. p9 R Zirka, S.E. p218 Dvorak, S.L Kavanagh, R.C. p99 Znamirowski, | ps5 Kawasaki, Z.-I. p60 Keen, A.G. p227 Radziuk, K. p199 E Kishore, N.K. p73 Randa, J. p333 Kleinschmidt, P. p302, p313 Ehlers, R.A. p2 Ellacott, D.C p227 IEE Proc. - Sci. Meas. Technol., Vol 149, 2002 Subject Index ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY Exact solution of the low-frequency coplanar loops shielding configuration p37 Fast and accurate intermediate-level modelling approach for EMC analysis of enclo- AC MACHINES sures p28 MESAF: software for assessing the electromagnetic compatibility of complex sys- Calculation of electrical machine magnetic stray fields p190 tems p227 Representation of windings in the 3-D finite element description of electromagnetic Technique for computing the response of a line of finite length excited by high fre- converters p186 quency electromagnetic fields p289 ACOUSTICS AND ULTRASONICS ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS Temperature as a limitation to the accuracy of SETSAW devices as quantum stan- Accurate modelling of an arbitrary placed thin wire in a coarse mesh p250 dards of current p299 Computation of the flux linkage of windings from magnetic scalar potential finite element solutions p182 AMPLIFIERS Design of a foil-coiled inductor for the heating of steel wires p203 Electromagnetic quantities in 3-space and the dual Hodge operator p138 Electromagnetic quantities in 4-D space and the dual Hodge operator p158 Monte Carlo estimation of noise-parameter uncertainties p333 Field optimisation in a synchronous generator wit high temperature superconducting field winding and magnetic core p194 ANTENNA THEORY High-order finite elements of complete and incomplete bases in electromagnetic-field computation p1l47 Modelling losses in electrical steel laminations p218 Complete surface current distribution in a normal-mo1d7e9 helical antenna using a Representation of windings in the 3-D finite element description of electromagnetic Galerkin solution with sinusoidal basis functions p2 converters p186 Special hybrid finite element/boundary element method for open magnetic field BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING problems p242 Wavelet method in the solution of magnetic field integral equations p286 Design of solid broadband human tissue simulant materials p3 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES CABLES AND OVERHEAD LINES Efficient description of fine features using digital filters in time-domain computa- tional electromagnetics p254 Evaluation of the Guang Dong lightning location system with transmission line fault Electromagnetic quantities in 3-space and the dual Hodge operator p138 data p9 High-frequency diffraction by a rectangular impedance cylinder on an impedance plane p49 CALIBRATION MNM: a technique for the iterative solution of matrix equations arising in the method of moments formulation p246 Reduction of late time instabilities of the finite-difference time-domain method in Developments in lightwave S-parameter measurement techniques p345 curvilinear co-ordinates p267 Improvements to the microwave mixer and power sensor linearity measurement capability at the National Physical Laboratory p329 Measurements of the electrical conductivity of water p320 ELECTROMAGNETISM Modelling the effect of port recession on VNA one-port calibrations p339 Accurate modelling of an arbitrary placed thin wire in a coarse mesh p250 CIRCUIT COMPONENTS Calculation of electrical machine magnetic stray fields p190 Computation algorithms for efficient coupled electromagnetic-thermal device simula- tion p67 Erosion mechanism of silver in a single arc discharge across a static gap p172 Computation of the flux linkage of windings from magnetic scalar potential finite element solutions p182 CIRCUIT THEORY AND DESIGN Coupled finite-element, spectral-element discretisation for models with circular inclusions and far-field domains p237 Efficient description of fine features using digital filters in time-domain computa- Characterisation of high-speed multiconductor interconnections p85 tional electromagnetics p254 Harmmulotniibict aenrdro rsi ntaenrdm oaddudliattiivoen diptt heerrf orpm1a2n c#e0 of analogéu e-to-digi< tal converters with GElReSc trommeatghnoedt icf orq uaPnatriettioe-s opitni m4a-lD fsrpoancte iadnedn titfhiec adtuiaonl Hoin dgeel ecotpreormaatgonre ticp 158s ynthesis p207 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM THEORY MNM: a technique for the iterative solution of matrix equations arising in the method of moments formulation p246 Appbluiicladtiinogn woafl ltsh e pm2os5ad 8a l transmission-line method to radiowave propagation through RSpeedpcuricoaelb dl emhvyseb crtiodpr 2 4f2pio ntietne tiaell emfeonrtm/ublaotuinodnasr y fore lFePmeTnDt smcehtehmoeds fopr2 32o pen magnetic field Technique for computing the response of a line of finite length excited by high fre- CONTROL EQUIPMENT quency electromagnetic fields p289 Transient analysis of PWM-excited electromagnetic actuators p199 Wavelet method in the solution of magnetic field integral equations p286 Transient analysis of PWM-excited electromagnetic actuators p199 DC MACHINES ENGINEERING COMPUTING Calculation of electrical machine magnetic stray fields p190 Harmonic and intermodulation performance of analogue-to-digital converters with Representation of windings in the 3-D finite element description of electromagnetic multibit errors and additive dither p127 converters p1l86 MESAF: software for assessing the electromagnetic compatibility of complex systems p227 DIELECTRIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES FILTERS AND FILTERING Design of solid broadband human tissue simulant materials p3 23 fficient description of fine features using digital filters in time-domain computa- tional electromagnetics p254 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS Temperature as a limitation to the accuracy of SETSAW devices as quantum standards of current p299 Harmonic and intermodulation performance of analogue-to-digital converters with multibit errors and additive dither p127 HISTORY Investigation of binary Josephson arrays for arbitrary waveform synthesis p31; Shaft encoder characterisation through analysis of the mean-squared errors in nonideal quantised systems p99 Evolution of near vertical incidence skywave communications and the Battle of Arn- hem p92 EDDY CURRENTS IMAGE SENSORS High-order finite elements of complete and incomplete bases in electromagnetic-field computation p147 Binocular-vision-based position sensor with PSDs and its application to mobile robot Reduced vector potential formulations for FPTD schemes p232 following p79 Transient analysis of PWM-excited electromagnetic actuators p199 INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT ELECTRIC DISCHARGE Cryogenic current comparator bridge for quantum Hall resistance ratio measurements Memory propagation of negative point-to-plane corona under AC voltage p117 p302 Modelling partial discharge inception and extinction voltages of sheet samples of Developments in lightwave S-parameter measurement techniques p345 solid insulating materials using an artificial neural network p73 Improvements to the microwave mixer and power sensor linearity measurement Post-are current reconstruction based on actual circuit breaker measurements p17 capability at the National Physical Laboratory p329 Investigation of binary Josephson arrays for arbitrary waveform synthesis p313 ELECTRIC MACHINES Maintenance and dissemination of voltage standards by Zener-diode-based instru- ments p305 Measurements of the electrical conductivity of water p320 Modelling losses in electrical steel laminations p218 Modelling the effect of port recession on VNA one-port calibrations p339 352 IEE Proc. - Sci. Meas. Technol., Vol 149, 2002 Removal of time-varying errors in network-analyser measurements: signal normal- MOBILE RADIO isation and test results p31 Removal of time-varying errors in network analyser measurements: system design Application of the modal transmission-line method to radiowave propagation through p-,-” building walls p258 INSULATORS AND INSULATION MODULATORS AND DEMODULATORS Modelling partial discharge inception and extinction voltages of sheet samples of solid insulating materials using an artificial neural network p73 Improvements to the microwave mixer and power sensor linearity measurement capability at the National Physical Laboratory p329 LIGHTING NEURAL NETWORKS Lamp arc resistance modelling of high-intensity-discharge (HID) lamps p45 Modelling partial discharge inception and extinction voltages of sheet san It MAGNETIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES solid insulating materials using an artificial neural network p73 Comparison of neural network and polynomial models for the approximation of non- NUMERICAL ANALYSIS linear and anisotropic ferromagnetic materials p214 Computation of deformation of ferromagnetic material p292929 3-D discontinuous sheet for finite-element time-domain modelling of thin metallic Field optimisation in a synchronous generator with high temperature superconduct- films p277 ing field winding and magnetic core p194 Application of finite element methods to photonic crystal modelling p293 Modelling losses in electrical steel laminations p218 Calculation of electrical machine magnetic stray fields p190 Characterisation of high-speed multiconductor interconnections p85 MAGNETIC MEASUREMENT Comparison of neural network and polynomial models for the approximation of non- linear and anisotropic ferromagnetic materials p214 Complete surface current distribution in a normal-mode helical antenna using a Quality inspection of electroplated materials using planar type micro-magnetic sen- Galerkin solution with sinusoidal basis functions p272 sors with post-processing from neural network model p165 Computation algorithms for efficient coupled electromagnetic-thermal device simula- tion p67 MATERIALS SCIENCE Computation of deformation of ferromagnetic material p222 Computation of the flux linkage of windings from magnetic scalar potential finite Design of solid broadband human tissue simulant materials p3 2+32 Conefloermmenatl smoalpuptiionngs: pLi1m8i2t ations for waveguide bend analysis p262 Coupled finite-element, spectral-element discretisation for models with circular MATERIAI ISTING inclusions and far-field domains p237 Efficient description of fine features using digital filters in time-domain computa- tional electromagnetics p254 Erosion mechanism of silver in a single arc discharge across a static gap pl Field optimisation in a synchronous generator with high temperature superconducting field winding and magnetic core p194 MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES GRS method for Pareto-optimal front identification in electromagnetic synthesis p207 Efficient description of fine features using digital filters in time-domain computa- Harmonic and intermodulation performance of analogue-to-digital converters with tional electromagnetics p254 multibit errors and additive dither p127 Electromagnetic quantities in 3-space and the dual Hodge operator p138 High-frequency diffraction by a rectangular impedance cylinder on an impedance Method for RMS and power measurements based on the wavelet packet transform plane p49 p60 Higcho-moprudteart iofinn ite pe1ll4e7m ents of complete and incomplete bases in electromagnetic-field Removal of time-varying errors in network-analyser measurements: signal normal- isation and test results p31 Measurements of the electrical conductivity of water p320 MNM: a technique for the iterative solution of matrix equations arising in the method of moments formulation p246 MEASUREMENT OF SPECIFIC VARIABLES Reduced vector potential formulations for FFTD schemes p232 Reduction of late time instabilities of the finite-difference time-domain method in Cryogenic current comparator bridge for quantum Hall resistance ratio measurements curvilinear co-ordinates p267 Representation of windings in the 3-D finite element description of electromagnetic Devpe3l02o pments in lightwave S-parameter measurement techniques p345 converters pl86 Improvements to the microwave mixer and power sensor linearity measurement Shaft encoder characterisation through analysis of the mean-squared errors in capability at the National Physical Laboratory p329 nonideal quantised systems p99 Investigation of binary Josephson arrays for arbitrary waveform synthesis p313 Special hybrid finite element/boundary element method for open magnetic field Maintenance and dissemination of voltage standards by Zener-diode-based instru- problems p242 ments p305 Technique for computing the response of a line of finite length excited by high fre- Measurements of the electrical conductivity of water p320 quency electromagnetic fields p289 Method for RMS and power measurements based on the wavelet packet transform Transient analysis of PWM-excited electromagnetic actuators p199 Wavelet method in the solution of magnetic field integral equations p286 p60 Monte Carlo estimation of noise-parameter uncertainties p333 Shaft encoder characterisation through analysis of the mean-squared errors in OPTICAL IMAGE PROCESSING nonideal quantised systems p99 Binocular-vision-based position sensor with PSDs and its application to mobile robot MEASUREMENT SCIENCE following p79 Cryogenic current comparator bridge for quantum Hall resistance ratio measurements OPTICAL MATERIALS p302 Developments in lightwave S-parameter measurement techniques p345 Improvements to the microwave mixer and power sensor linearity measurement Application of finite element methods to photonic crystal modelling p293 capability at the National Physical Laboratory p329 Investigation of binary Josephson arrays for arbitrary waveform synthesis p313 Maintenance and dissemination of voltage standards by Zener-diode-based instru- OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES ments p305 Measurements of the electrical conductivity of water p320 Conformal mapping: Limitations for waveguide bend analysis p262 Modelling the effect of port recession on VNA one-port calibrations p339 Temperature as a limitation to the accuracy of SETSAW devices as quantum standards of current p299 OPTIMISATION MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES Complete surface current distribution in a normal-mode helical antenna using a Galerkin solution with sinusoidal basis functions p272 GRS method for Pareto-optimal front identification in electromagnetic synthesis Improvements to the microwave mixer and power sensor linearity measurement p207 capability at the National Physical Laboratory p329 Modelling the effect of port recession on VNA one-port calibrations p339 Monte Carlo estimation of noise-parameter uncertainties p323232 POWER ENGINEERING COMPUTING MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY Calculation of electrical machine magnetic stray fields p190 Design of solid broadband human tissue simulant materials p323 POWER SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS Developments in lightwave S-parameter measurement techniques p345 Improvements to the microwave mixer and power sensor linearity measurement capability at the National Physical Laboratory p329 3-D discontinuous sheet for finite-element time-domain modelling of thin metallic Monte Carlo estimation of noise-parameter uncertainties p333 films p277 Design of a foil-coiled inductor for the heating of steel wires p203 Impeder for HF inductive welding of steel tubes p1137 MILITARY SYSTEMS POWER SYSTEMS AND PLANTS Evolution of near vertical incidence skywave communications and the Battle of Arn- hem p92 Fast and accurate intermediate-level modelling approach for EMC analysis of enclo- Evaluation of the Guang Dong lightning location system with transmission line fault sures p28] data p9 IEE Proc. - Sci. Meas. Technol., Vol 149, 2002 PRODUCTION ENGINEERING Modelling the effect of port recession on VNA one-port calibrations p339 Monte Carlo estimation of noise-parameter uncertainties p333 Organisational factors for success in new product development p105 Quality inspection of electroplated materials using planar type micro-magnetic sen- SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES sors with post-processing from neural network model p165 Cryogenic current comparator bridge for quantum Hall resistance ratio measurements RADIO SYSTEMS 0302 Field optimisation in a synchronous generator with high temperature superconduct- 3volution of near vertical incidence skywave communications and the Battle of Arn- ing field winding and magnetic core p194 hem p92 Investigation of binary Josephson arrays for arbitrary waveform synthesis p313 Self-field AC power dissipation in high-T. superconducting tapes and a prototype cable p2 RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION SWITCHGEAR 3-D discontinuous sheet for finite-element time-domain modelling of thin metallic films p277 Application of the modal transmission-line method to radiowave propagation through Post-arc current reconstruction based on actual circuit breaker measurements p17 building walls p258 Quantification of the interrupting performance of high-voltage circuit breakers p153 Fast and accurate intermediate-level modelling approach for EMC analysis of enclo- sures p281 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES ROBOTICS Field optimisation in a synchronous generator with high temperature superconducting field winding and magnetic core p194 Binocular-vision-based position sensor with PSDs and its application to mobile robot following p79 THIN FILM GROWTH SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES Quality inspection of electroplated materials using planar type micro-magnetic sensors with post-processing from neural network model p1l65 Maintenance and dissemination of voltage standards by Zener-diode-based instru- ments p305 TRANSFORMERS Temperature as a limitation to the accuracy of SETSAW devices as quantum standards of current p299 Design of a foil-coiled inductor for the heating of steel wires p203 Representation of windings in the 3-D finite element description of electromagnetic SENSORS AND ACTUATORS converters p186 Improvements to the microwave mixer and power sensor linearity measurement TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY capability at the National Physical Laboratory p329 Quality inspection of electroplated materials using planar type micro-magnetic sen- Accurate modelling of an arbitrary placed thin wire in a coarse mesh p250 sors with post-processing from neural network model p165 Application of the modal transmission-line method to radiowave propagation through Shaft encoder characterisation through analysis of the mean-squared errors in building walls p258 nonideal quantised systems p99 Characterisation of high-speed multiconductor interconnections p85 Efficient description of fine features using digital filters in time-domain computa- SIGNAL GENERATORS tional electromagnetics p254 Technique for computing the response of a line of finite length excited by high fre Investigation of binary Josephson arrays for arbitrary waveform synthesis p313 quency electromagnetic fields p289 SIGNAL PROCESSING TRANSPORTATION Shaft encoder characterisation through analysis of the mean-squared errors in Calculation of electrical machine magnetic stray fields p190 nonideal quantised systems p99 WAVEGUIDE COMPONEN SINGLE ANTENNAS Exact solution of the low-frequency coplanar loops shielding configuration p37 Complete surface current distribution in a normal-mode helical antenna using a Galerkin solution with sinusoidal basis functions p272 WAVEGUIDE THEORY Exact solution of the low-frequency coplanar loops shielding configuration p37 Conformal mapping: Limitations for waveguide bend analysis p262 SOFTWARE TECHNIQUES Fast and accurate intermediate-level modelling approach for EMC analysis of enclo- sures p281 MESAF: software for assessing the electromagnetic compatibility of complex systems p227 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS MNM: a technique for the iterative solution of matrix equations arising in the method of moments formulation p246 IEE Proc. - Sci. Meas. Technol., Vol 149, 2002 Poa crete