Table Of Content

IEE PROCEEDINGS Science, Measurement and Technology Vol. 145, 1998 Published by The IEE, Savoy Place, London WC2R OBL, United Kingdom Publishing Department: Michael Faraday House, Six Hills Way, Stevenage, Herts. SG1 2AY, United Kingdom IEE Proceedings SCIENCE, MEASUREMENT AND TECHNOLOGY The Institution of Electrical Engineers, Savoy Place, London WC2R OBL, United Kingdom Publishing Department: Michael Faraday House, Six Hills Way, Stevenage, Herts. SG1 2AY, United Kingdom Volume 145 1998 UK ISSN 1350-2344 HONORARY EDITORS Dr. G.W. Chantry (/nternational Technology Transfer Consultant) Dr. M.J. Cunningham (University of Manchester) Pages in issues of /EE Proc.-Sci. Meas. Technol., 1998 Pages Issue No. Date 1-44 1 January 45-84 2 March 85-128 May 129-184 July 185-268 September 269-328 November This publication is copyright under the Berne Convention and the Universal Copyright Convention. All rights reserved. Apart from any copying under the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, Part 1, Section 38, whereby a single copy of this article may be supplied, under certain conditions, for the purposes of research or private study, by a library of a class prescribed by The Copyright (Librarians and Archivists) (Copying of Copyright Material) Regulations 1989: SI 1989/1212, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the copyright owners. Permission is, however, not required to copy abstracts of individual contributions on condition that a full reference to the source is shown. Authorisation to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or for the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by the Institution of Electrical Engineers for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the base fee of $10.00 per copy is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 21 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970, USA (1350-2344/98 $10.00). This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. The IEE is not as a body responsible for the opinions expressed by individual authors. The IEE is a member of the Association of Learned & Professional Society Publishers. © 1998: The Institution of Electrical Engineers Secretary of the IEE: J.C. Williams, OBE, PhD, CEng, FIEE Managing Editor: Gill Wheeler Printed by: Black Bear Press Limited, Cambridge, United Kingdom index IEE Proceedings Science, Measurement and Technology Vol. 145, 1998 FE Author Index Layton, R.H. p301 Satish, L. p77 Lester, G.A. p49 Schreiber, T. p279 Faircloth, D.C. p200 Leung, T.S. p285 Selhi, H. p101 A FFFaoerrriegssuhts,,o nOF,.. C.R .pS4.p5 3 0p75 8 LLLooihbn,rd yb,eW r.gJ,W. . Lp.3 1p 8p52 15 SSSeipwmreoelnvlia,,k , PL..D . pp61p13 5 8 Ager, C.l. p181 Fujioka, H. p26 Lowe, M.J.S. p250 Stassinopoulos, C.A. p105, p141, p147 Ainapure, S.M. p136 Stickland, T. p166 AAll -HZaarhbaiw,i , S.S.B_. A.Tp.2 22 p39 G M T AAslcireonf, t, N.LJ..T . p1p0155,9 p200, p207 Gallimberti, 1. p185, p193 Makin, J. p94 AtkinsoBn, D. p260 GGGaharonclsiehay,,, GMM.. .J.D .p 13p63p 1671 MMMMaacczrLNzvaaaiubnng,t,hi l,i AAn.. CG,.. pS2.p2p 19631 p 321 TTTTooaozornelagre,s,y s ,e VnRkE.Mo.C.,. A . Lpp.3 99p4 3 p02770 , p307 BBBaaatsyehasfr,od r,d R,.J A.. A .pG5p.3 2 91p 237 GGGGGirorobeuedlnrafiegvrnteoe,,suy ,l, i RJs.. ,DAK.. .pA R.5.D 3.pE 8.&pp 2290p171 05, p147 MMMMMeiouiranrkthtrre,aaon nypsa,o,Mr u .il ,Ao.R s .,p G 1.p6Cp3P6.60. 71N . p13p1 l05, p141 TTTurureroen,ne ,r , A.A. JS..D p. 31p7pl 6616 Beck, M.S. p20 U Belmans, R. p67 Benson, T.M. p61, p177 H N Bhavsar, J.s. p136 Uttamchandani, D. BBlouees,e , R.I .M.p 45 p171 HHaaldld, adM,J . A. psp112 9 Nabulsi, K.A. p222 WwW BBBoronanduaimmo,yu ,- CVl.A e.r gpe1pr21i38e 5,, Ap.1 93p 185, p193 HHHaaamyrewmyaoernrd,,, S.GK.A. . C.pp 6276 0p 181 NNNaaeykwlasomara,m e,, P . MK..Ip .1 2p92p 65 8 Walton, A.J. p58 Broche, C. p31 Hilton, G.S. pl Watts, J. p49 BBurlolwonu,g h,E . W.pA2.8 5 p94 HHoilltt,o n,M . M.Fp.3 07p 291 O WWhhiitttel,e , P.MR.. pp9248 5 Holt, M.R.G. p270 Wilcox, P.D. p250 Cc Hosseini-Sianaki, A. p94 Ortega, J.A. p317 Williams, A.J.M. p177 Huang, C.F. p207 Williams, B. p163 Hui, S.Y.R. plll P Wilmington, D. p49 Castellani, A. p185, p193 Hutchins, D.A. p237 Witt, TJ. pl54 Cawley, P. p250 Woolfson, M.S. p177 Chappell, M.J. p291 Pahner, U. p67 Chavez, A. p317 Palusinski, O.A. p117 X Chikamura, A. p26 Peyton, A.J. p20 CCohcrihsrtaonp,o ulAo.s , p2C2. 9 p61, p101 Izzat, N. pl PPiienrhceei,r o,$ .GP.. A.Tp.2 44 p85 Xu, L.A. p20 Collier, R.J. p171 Porter, S.J. p61 Collis, W.B. p285 K Prys-Roberts, C. p307 Y Compton, D.J. p8& Conlin, P. p45 Kantz, H. p279 R CCooopkn,e r,J . N.pJ2. 85 p163 Khan, Y.U. p270 YYaokuinngt,h osW,. F.C .G.p 321p l05 Cornick, K.J. p200, p207 KKiorpkp,i kaK.rJ,. Dp.2A.2 9 p136 Radmore, P.M. p8& Youngs, J. p1l66 Cox, M.C. p163 Kouzis, C.M. p200 Railton, C.J. pl Yu, Z.Z. p20 Craddock, IJ. pl Kulkarni, S.V. p136 Robinson, M.P. p6l Culshaw, B. p244 Z S L D Zhu, P. pill Lalande, P. p185, p193 Salazar, J. p317 Znamirowski, L. p11 Dargent, E. p53 Lawrence, C.R. p166 Salmon, A.P. p285 Dawson, J.F. p61 Deblecker, O. p31 Dickin, F.J. p85 Drake, A.E. p18] Duffy, A.P. p177 E Emin, Z. p39 IEE Proc. - Sci. Meas. Technol., Vol 145, 1998 Subject Index CONVERTORS Chaos in ferroresonant wound voltage transformers: effect of core losses and universal circuit behaviour p39 AEROSPACE rEMS Modelling of a high-frequency operated fluorescent lamp in an electronic ballast environment pl1l Laboratory study of the bi-leader process from an electrically floating conductor. | General results p185 DIELECTRIC MATERIALS AND DEVIC AUTOMATIC TEST SYSTEMS Acoustic fields from PVDF interdigital transducers p250 Comparison of DSC and TSDC investigations: @ relaxation in polymers p53 Effects of negative direct voltage pre-stressing on the breakdown of conductor-rod Electromagnetic inductance tomography (EMT): sensor, electronics and image gaps under positive impulse voltages p105 reconstruction algorithm for a system with a rotatable parallel excitation field p20 Fibre waveguide transducers for Lamb wave NDE_ p260 Use of parametric modelling and statistical pattern recognition in detection of aware- Single camera three-dimensional endoscope system using a ferroelectric liquid crys- ness during general anaesthesia p307 tal device p49 BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SYSTEMS EARTH SCIENCES Analysis of the second heart sound for diagnosis of paediatric heart disease p285 Generation of a prespecified electromagnetic field on the axis of a two-layer lossy Comparison of methods for harmonic wavelet analysis of heart rate variability p291 cylinder p222 Comparison of techniques for time-frequency analysis of the ECG during human ventricular fibrillation p301 EDDY CURRENTS Deconvolution problem to produce ultrasonic short pulses p317 Generation of a prespecified electromagnetic field on the axis of a two-layer lossy cylinder p222 Use of transmission-line modelling method in FEM for solution of nonlinear eddy- Human ECG: nonlinear deterministic versus stochastic aspects p279 current problems p31 Identification of inter-ictal spikes in the EEG using neural network analysis p270 Pseudo-inverse filtering of IVUS images p32] ELECTRIC DISCHARGES Reduction of magnetic fields from electric power and installation lines p215 Phree-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for electrical resistance tomography p85 Use of parametric modelling and statistical pattern recognition in detection of aware- Impulse breakdown of short rod-plane gaps and the influence of humidity p141 ness during general anaesthesia p307 Influence of irradiation on impulse breakdown of sphere gaps and sphere-rod gaps pl47 Laboratory study of the bi-leader process from an electrically floating conductor. II. CABLES AND OVERHEAD LINES Bi-leader properties p193 Reduction of magnetic fields from electric power and installation lines p215 ELECTRO-OPTICAL DEVICES Test procedures and lifetime data analysis for electro-thermal endurance character- isation of EPR-insulated cables p13 Single camera three-dimensional endoscope system using a ferroelectric liquid crys- tal device p49 CALIBRATION ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY High sensitivity precision relative intensity noise calibration standard using low noise reference laser source p163 Analysis and realisation of low-cost damped screened rooms p| Low permeability reference standards with improved high magnetic field strength Comparison of analytic, numerical and approximate models for shielding effective- performance pI8l ness with measurement p61 Measurements of the temperature dependence of the output voltages of some Zener diode based voltage standards p154 ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY CIRCUIT CAD Analysis and realisation of low-cost damped screened rooms p1 Comparison of analytic, numerical and approximate models for shielding effective- Modelling of a high-frequency operated fluorescent lamp in an electronic ballast ness with measurement p61 environment plll ELECTROMAGNETISM CIRCUIT THEORY AND DE Generation of a prespecified electromagnetic field on the axis of a two-layer lossy cylinder p222 Analysis of error propagation in computing the Maxwell matrix of multiconductor New technique to enhance the accuracy of 2-D/3-D field quantities and forces structure from measurements p117 obtained by standard finite-element solutions p67 Finite-element computation of capacitance networks in multiple-electrode systems: Use of transmission-line modelling method in FEM for solution of nonlinear eddy- application to ZnO surge arresters p129 current problems p31 Modelling of a high-frequency operated fluorescent lamp in an electronic ballast environment pIll Optimisation of empirical model for IC fabrication process using linear programming FIBRE OPTIC pods Steady-state and transient models for the electrical response of an electrorheological Fibre waveguide transducers for Lamb wave NDE p260 catch system p94 FILTERS AND FILTERING CODES AND DECODING Pseudo-inverse filtering of IVUS images p321 Golay sequences for identification of linear systems with weak nonlinear distortion pl23 INFORMATION THEORY COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY Golay sequences for identification of linear systems with weak nonlinear distortion 72 pl23 rhree-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for electrical resistance tomography p85 Use of transmission-line modelling method in FEM for solution of nonlinear eddy- INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREME} current problems p31 Electromagnetic inductance tomography (EMT): sensor, electronics and image COMPUTER APPLICATIONS reconstruction algorithm for a system with a rotatable parallel excitation field p20 Single camera three-dimensional endoscope system using a ferroelectric liquid crys- tal device p49 Analysis of error propagation in computing the Maxwell matrix of multiconductor structure from measurements p117 NSULATORS AND INSULATION Comparison of analytic, numerical and approximate models for shielding effective- ness with measurement p61 Electromagnetic inductance tomography (EMT): sensor, electronics and image Portable optoelectronic instrument for measuring furfuraldehyde in transformer oil reconstruction algorithm for a system with a rotatable parallel excitation field p20 45 Finite-element computation of capacitance networks in multiple-electrode systems: Short-time Fourier and wavelet transforms for fault detection in power transformers application to ZnO surge arresters p129 during impulse tests p77 Modelling of a high-frequency operated fluorescent lamp in an electronic ballast Test procedures and lifetime data analysis for electro-thermal endurance character- environment plil isation of EPR-insulated cables p13 New technique to enhance the accuracy of 2-D/3-D field quantities and forces obtained by standard finite-element solutions p67 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Optimisation of empirical model for IC fabrication process using linear programming pds Phree-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for electrical resistance tomography p85 Influence of lot arrival distribution on production dispatching rule scheduling and Use of parametric modelling and statistical pattern recognition in detection of aware- cost in the final test process of LSI manufacturing system p26 ness during general anaesthesia p307 Measurements on millimetre wave circuits at 140 GHz _p 171 Use of transmission-line modelling method in FEM for solution of nonlinear eddy- Optimisation of empirical model for IC fabrication process using linear programming current problems p31 pss 330 IEE Proc. - Sci. Meas. Technol., Vol 145, 1998 INTERFERENCE SUPPRESSION NEURAL NETS Analysis and realisation of low-cost damped screened rooms p| Identification of inter-ictal spikes in the EEG using neural network analysis p270 Comparison of analytic, numerical and approximate models for shielding effective- Use of parametric modelling and statistical pattern recognition in detection of aware ness with measurement p6l ness during general anaesthesia p307 LASERS NONLINEAR NETWORK ANALYSIS High sensitivity precision relative intensity noise calibration standard using low noise Chaos in ferroresonant wound voltage transformers: effect of core losses and univer- reference laser source p163 sal circuit behaviour p39 Laser generation of ultrasonic Lamb waves using low power optical sources p244 NUMERICAL ANALYSIS LINEAR NETWORK ANALYSIS Analysis and realisation of low-cost damped screened rooms p1 Analysis of error propagation in computing the Maxwell matrix of multiconductor Analysis of error propagation in computing the Maxwell matrix of multiconductor structure from measurements p117 structure from measurements p117 Generalised TLM switch model for power electronics applications p101 Circulating-current loss in transformer windings p136 Use of transmission-line modelling method in FEM for solution of nonlinear eddy- Comparison of analytic, numerical and approximate models for shielding effective- current problems p31 ness with measurement p61 Comparison of methods for harmonic wavelet analysis of heart rate variability p29 MAGNETIC MATERIALS AND DEVICE Finaiptpel-ieclaetmieonnt toc oZmnpuOt atsuirogne oafr recsatperasc itapn1c2e9 networks in multiple-electrode systems New technique to enhance the accuracy of 2-D/3-D field quantities and forces Low permeability reference standards with improved high magnetic field strength obtained by standard finite-element solutions p67 performance pI18l Short-time Fourier and wavelet transforms for fault detection in power transformers during impulse tests p77 Three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for electrical resistance tomography p85 MATERIALS AND MATERIALS TESTING Use of transmission-line modelling method in FEM for solution of nonlinear eddy- current problems p31 Acoustic fields from PVDF interdigital transducers p250 Air-coupled ultrasonic transducers for measurement of green-state ceramics at ele- OPTICAL IMAGE PROCESSING vated temperatures p237 Broadband dielectric spectroscopy of conducting polyaniline p166 Comparison of DSC and TSDC investigations: @ relaxation in polymers p53 Deconvolution problem to produce ultrasonic short pulses p317 Fibre waveguide transducers for Lamb wave NDE p260 Electromagnetic inductance tomography (EMT): sensor, electronics and image Generation of a prespecified electromagnetic field on the axis of a two-layer lossy reconstruction algorithm for a system with a rotatable parallel excitation field p20 cylinder p222 lhree-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for electrical resistance tomography p85 Laser generation of ultrasonic Lamb waves using low power optical sources p244 Steady-state and transient models for the electrical response of an electrorheological catch system p94 OPTICAL MATERIALS AND DEVICES Ultrasonic transducers for high temperature applications p229 High sensitivity precision relative intensity noise calibration standard using low noise MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES reference laser source p163 Single camera three-dimensional endoscope system using a ferroelectric liquid crys- tal device p49 Analysis of the second heart sound for diagnosis of paediatric heart disease p285 Comparison of methods for harmonic wavelet analysis of heart rate variability p291 Comparison of techniques for time-frequency analysis of the ECG during human OPTIMISATION ventricular fibrillation p301 Human ECG: nonlinear deterministic versus stochastic aspects p279 New technique to enhance the accuracy of 2-D/3-D field quantities and forces New technique to enhance the accuracy of 2-D/3-D field quantities and forces obtained by standard finite-element solutions p67 obtained by standard finite-element solutions p67 Optimisation of empirical model for IC fabrication process using linear programming pos POWER ELECTRONICS Quantitative assessment of experimental repeatability p177 Three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for electrical resistance tomography p85 Use of parametric modelling and statistical pattern recognition in detection of aware- Chaos in ferroresonant wound voltage transformers: effect of core losses and univer- ness during general anaesthesia p307 sal circuit behaviour p39 Generalised TLM switch model for power electronics applications p101 Modelling of a high-frequency operated fluorescent lamp in an electronic ballast MEASUREMENT OF SPECIFIC VARIABLES environment pll1 3.5 mm coaxial power standard p159 POWER ENGINEERING COMPUTING Acoustic fields from PVDF interdigital transducers p250 Electromagnetic inductance tomography (EMT): sensor, electronics and image reconstruction algorithm for a system with a rotatable parallel excitation field p20 Finite-element computation of capacitance networks in multiple-electrode systems High sensitivity precision relative intensity noise calibration standard using low noise application to ZnO surge arresters p129 reference laser source p1l63 Short-time Fourier and wavelet transforms for fault detection in power transformers Low permeability reference standards with improved high magnetic field strength during impulse tests p77 performance p18l Measurements of the temperature dependence of the output voltages of some Zener POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION diode based voltage standards p154 Measurements on an ensemble of spheres in the transonic velocity regime p8 Portable optoelectronic instrument for measuring furfuraldehyde in transformer oil Effects of negative direct voltage pre-stressing on the breakdown of conductor-rod p4s gaps under positive impulse voltages p105 rhree-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for electrical resistance tomography p85 Finite-element computation of capacitance networks in multiple-electrode systems application to ZnO surge arresters p129 MEASUREMENT SCIENCE Impulse breakdown of short rod-plane gaps and the influence of humidity p141 Influence of irradiation on impulse breakdown of sphere gaps and sphere-rod gaps pl47 3.5 mm coaxial power standard p159 Laboratory study of the bi-leader process from an electrically floating conductor. | High sensitivity precision relative intensity noise calibration standard using low noise General results p185 reference laser source p163 Sparkover in the rod-plane gap under combined direct and impulse voltages p207 Low permeability reference standards with improved high magnetic field strength Tests of the ‘early streamer emission’ principle for protection against lightning p200 performance p1$l Measurements of the temperature dependence of the output voltages of some Zener POWER SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS diode based voltage standards p154 Quantitative assessment of experimental repeatability p177 Modelling of a high-frequency operated fluorescent lamp in an electronic ballast MICROWAVE CIRCUIT environment plll Measurements on millimetre wave circuits at 140 GHz p17] POWER SYSTEMS AND PLANTS MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE Modelling of a high-frequency operated fluorescent lamp in an electronic ballast environment plll New technique to enhance the accuracy of 2-D/3-D field quantities and forces 3.5 mm coaxial power standard p159 obtained by standard finite-element solutions p67 Measurements on millimetre wave circuits at 140 GHz p171 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ANALYSIS Analysis of error propagation in computing the Maxwell matrix of multiconductor Generalised TLM switch model for power electronics applications p101 structure from measurements p117 IEE Proc. - Sci. Meas. Technol., Vol 145, 1998 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS SIMULATION, MODELLING AND IDENTIFICATION Analysis of the second heart sound for diagnosis of paediatric heart disease p285 Golay sequences for identification of linear systems with weak nonlinear distortion Comparison of techniques for time-frequency analysis of the ECG during human p122:3 ventricular fibrillation p301 Effects of negative direct voltage pre-stressing on the breakdown of conductor-rod SONICS AND ULTRASONICS gaps under positive impulse voltages p105 Human ECG: nonlinear deterministic versus stochastic aspects p 279 Quantitative assessment of experimental repeatability p177 Acoustic fields from PVDF interdigital transducers p250 Use of parametric modelling and statistical pattern recognition in detection of aware- Air-coupled ultrasonic transducers for measurement of green-state ceramics at ele- ness during general anaesthesia p307 vated temperatures p237 Deconvolution problem to produce ultrasonic short pulses p317 Fibre waveguide transducers for Lamb wave NDE p260 PRODUCTION ENGINEERING Laser generation of ultrasonic Lamb waves using low power optical sources p244 Pseudo-inverse filtering of IVUS images p321 Influence of lot arrival distribution on production dispatching rule scheduling and Ultrasonic transducers for high temperature applications p229 cost in the final test process of LSI manufacturing system p26 Three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for electrical resistance tomography p85 SYSTEMS THEORY PROGRAMMING THEORY Identification of inter-ictal spikes in the EEG using neural network analysis p270 Influence of lot arrival distribution on production dispatching rule scheduling and Use of transmission-line modelling method in FEM for solution of nonlinear eddy- cost in the final test process of LSI manufacturing system p26 current problems p31 TRANSFORMERS SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND MATERIALS Chaos in ferroresonant wound voltage transformers: effect of core losses and univer- Measurements of the temperature dependence of the output voltages of some Zener sal circuit behaviour p39 diode based voltage standards p154 Circulating-current loss in transformer windings p136 Optimisation of empirical model for IC fabrication process using linear programming Portable optoelectronic instrument for measuring furfuraldehyde in transformer oil p58 p45 Short-time Fourier and wavelet transforms for fault detection in power transformers SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS during impulse tests p77 TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY High sensitivity precision relative intensity noise calibration standard using low noise reference laser source p163 Comparison of analytic, numerical and approximate models for shielding effective- ness with measurement p61 SIGNAL PROCESSING Generalised TLM switch model for power electronics applications p101 Use of transmission-line modelling method in FEM for solution of nonlinear eddy- Analysis of the second heart sound for diagnosis of paediatric heart disease p285 current problems p31 Comparison of methods for harmonic wavelet analysis of heart rate variability p291 Comvpenatrriiscuolna r off ibtrielclhantiioqnu es p3f0o1r time-frequency analysis of the ECG during human WAVEGUIDES Deconvolution problem to produce ultrasonic short pulses p317 Golay sequences for identification of linear systems with weak nonlinear distortion Measurements on millimetre wave circuits at 140 GHz p171 p123 Human ECG: nonlinear deterministic versus stochastic aspects p279 Identification of inter-ictal spikes in the EEG using neural network analysis p270 Use of parametric modelling and statistical pattern recognition in detection of aware- ness during general anaesthesia p307 IEE Proc. - Sci. Meas. Technol., Vol 145, 1998