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Springer Proceedings in Energy Mohammad O. Hamdan Hassan A. N. Hejase Hassan M. Noura Abbas A. Fardoun Editors ICREGA’14 - Renewable Energy: Generation and Applications Springer Proceedings in Energy For furthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/13370 Mohammad O. Hamdan • Hassan A. N. Hejase Hassan M. Noura • Abbas A. Fardoun Editors ICREGA’14 - Renewable Energy: Generation and Applications 123 Editors Mohammad O.Hamdan Hassan A.N.Hejase Faculty ofEngineering, Department of Hassan M.Noura MechanicalEngineering AbbasA.Fardoun UnitedArab Emirates University Faculty ofEngineering, Department of Al Ain ElectricalEngineering UnitedArab Emirates UnitedArab Emirates University Al Ain UnitedArab Emirates ISSN 2352-2534 ISSN 2352-2542 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-319-05707-1 ISBN 978-3-319-05708-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-05708-8 Springer ChamHeidelberg New YorkDordrecht London LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014942276 (cid:2)SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2014 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purposeofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthe work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of theCopyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the CopyrightClearanceCenter.ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface The third international Conference on Renewable Energy, Generation and Applications 2014, organized by the Faculty of Engineering, UAE University, is the third conference in a new series of important meetings and technical forums, withthefirstconferenceheldinMarch2010andthesecondinMarch2012.These conferences aimatgatheringscientists andengineersfromacademia andindustry todiscussthelatestdevelopmentsandinnovationsintheareaofrenewableenergy. They further provide an opportunity to assess the challenges and the future of renewable energy technologies worldwide. TheinterestinRenewableenergyhasgainedalotofattentioninthelastdecade due to environmental reasons, such as greenhouse abatement and ozone layer protectionandeconomicandstrategicones,suchasthelimitedfossilfuel.United Arab Emirates has committed to produce about 20 % of its energy consumption fromrenewableenergyby2020.Toachievethisobjectivemanyrenewableenergy projects are currently going on in the UAE. ICREGA’14 features an outstanding group of keynote speakers addressing significant topics in the applications of renewable energy. In addition, the conference also includes three technical workshops. The current conference attracted a large participation from universities and industry from 19 different countries. A total of 79 papers have been submitted, among which 70 papers are accepted for presentations. A total of 15 % of the acceptedconferencepaperswillbeselectedtobeconsideredforpublicationinthe ‘‘Renewable Energy’’ Journal published by Elsevier Publishers. In addition, 26 student posters will also be presented at the conference. Wearecommittedonorganizingthisconferenceevery2years,andbelievethat it will continue to grow in importance and size. v Contents 1 The Potential of Castor as a Biodiesel Feedstock Crop for the Arabian Peninsula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Kiran Menon, S. Irshad Ahmed, Neeru Sood and Nanduri K. Rao 2 The Effect of Internal Parameters on Biohydrogen Production in Batch Microbial Electrolysis Cell Reactor . . . . . . . 11 M. Azwar, M. A. Hussain and A. K. Abdul-Wahab 3 Assessment of Surplus Agricultural Residues Available for Biomass Briquetting in India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 N. Awalgaonkar, H. Saxena, A. Venkatesan and R. Natarajan 4 Feasibility of Algal Systems for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Thinesh Selvaratnam, Ambica Pegallapati, Felly Montelya, Gabriela Rodriguez, Nirmala Khandan, Peter Lammers and Wayne Van Voorhies 5 Effectiveness of Enzymatic Biodiesel Production from Microalga Oil in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. . . . . . . . . . 49 H. Taher, S. Al-Zuhair, A. Al-Marzouqi, Y. Haik and M. Farid 6 Review of Dynamic Electric Circuit Models for PEM Fuel Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 M. Nabag, A. Fardoun, H. Hejase and A. Al-Marzouqi 7 SBG for Health Monitoring of Fuel Cell System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 B. Ould-Bouamama, N. Chatti and A. L. Gehin 8 Dynamic Modeling of PEM Fuel Cell Using Particle Swarm Optimization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 R. Salim, M. Nabag, H. Noura and A. Fardoun vii viii Contents 9 Catalytic Characterization of Size Based Gold Nanoparticles for Applications in Fuel Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 A. Al-Hatti, I. Shaikha, M. Al-Shamisi, T. Abdulrehman and Y. Haik 10 Advances in P.E.M. Fuel Cell Stack Observer Design Using a Takagi–Sugeno Approach with Unmeasurable Premise Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 S. C. Olteanu, A. Aitouche and L. Belkoura 11 Maximum Power Control for Photovoltaic System Using Two Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 N. Harrabi, E. Kamal, A. Aitouche and M. Souissi 12 Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems Based on Synergetic Control . . . . . . . . . . . 143 A. Gaid and M. Bettayeb 13 Reconfiguration Solution for Shaded PV Panels Using Fuzzy Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 A. Tabanjat, M. Becherif and D. Hissel 14 High Voltage Gain DC–DC Converter with Low Input Current Ripple for Fuel Cell Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Mustafa A. Al-Saffar 15 Integrated Double Boost–SEPIC DC–DC Converter for Renewable Energy Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Ahmad J. Sabzali and Esam H. Ismail 16 Low Cost Controller for Wave Energy Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Addy Wahyudie, Mohammed Jama, Omsalama Said, Ali Assi and Hassan Noura 17 Coordinated Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging in Hybrid AC/DC Distribution Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 M. F. Shaaban, A. A. Eajal and E. F. El-Saadany 18 Monitoring Framework for Cost-Effective Energy Consumption in a Building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Salah Bouktif and Waleed K. Ahmed Contents ix 19 Distributed Energy Storage Based Series Compensator to Mitigate Power Quality Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 M. E. Nassar, E. F. EL-Saadany and M. M. A. Salama 20 Guidelines for Sizing Shading Devices for Typical Residential Houses in Muscat, Oman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Alya Al-Hashim, Nader Chalfoun and Colby Moeller 21 Thermal Performance of Ferrocement Green Building System. . . 267 Wail N. Al-Rifaie, Waleed K. Ahmed, L. E. Ibraheem and H. Y. Al-Samarraie 22 Using PCM Implanted in Building Material for Thermal Management: One Versus Seven Days Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Emad Elnajjar 23 Effective U-Value of Wall Assemblies for an Eco-Friendly Paint Coating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 S. Shahid, W. Whistler and M. Nazarinia 24 Function-Based Model Predictive Control Approach for Maximum Power Capture of Heaving Wave Energy Converters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Mohammed Jama, Addy Wahyudie, Ali Assi and Hassan Noura 25 Overview of Water Energy Nexus of Abu Dhabi’s Power Sector-Energy Water Analysis of End Use Segment. . . . . . . . . . . 315 S. Assaf and M. Nour 26 Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Under Hydrogen Supplement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 M. O. Hamdan, P. Martin, E. Elnajjar, M. Y. E. Selim and S. Al-Omari 27 The Potential of Using Raw Jojoba Oil as Fuel in Furnaces. . . . . 339 Salah B. Al-Omari, Mohammad O. Hamdan, Mohamed Y. E. Selim and Emad Elnajjar 28 Present Status of Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 K. P. Pauley, C. J. Chow, P. Rodgers and V. Eveloy x Contents 29 Grid Connection of Wind Energy Conversion System Using Doubly-Fed Induction Generator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Ali Haddi, Mohamed Becherif and Imane Benslama 30 Capacitor Bank Resizing in Islanded Power Grid Fed by Induction Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Saliha Boutora and Hamid Bentarzi 31 Economic Droop Parameter Selection for Autonomous Microgrids Including Wind Turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Morad M. A. Abdelaziz, E. F. El-Saadany and R. Seethapathy 32 Energy Management for a Grid-Tied Photovoltaic-Wind-Storage System: Part I—Forecasting Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Ala Hussein and Issa Batarseh 33 Failure Analysis of Adhesively Bonded Wind Turbine Blade . . . . 417 Waleed K. Ahmed 34 New Pitch Control Scheme for Wind Turbines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Salim Ibrir and Kyle Hunte 35 Numerical Investigation of Four Commonly Used Airfoils for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 Franklyn Kanyako and Isam Janajreh 36 Sodar (SOnic Detection and Ranging) Measurement Campaign: Case Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 Hatem Yazidi 37 Energy Recovery from Low Speed Winds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 Janesh Mohanan and Mutasim Nour 38 Thermal Management of Solar Photovoltaics Modules for Enhanced Power Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Stuart J. McColl, Peter Rodgers and Valerie Eveloy 39 Thermal Performance of Improved Inverted Trickle Solar Still. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 Fadi A. Ghaith and Ahmed Bilal Contents xi 40 Electrodeposited Dendritic Structures of Copper Oxide as Solar Selective Absorbers in the UV–Vis Range. . . . . . . . . . . . 505 A. H. Alami, Anis Allagui and Hussain Alawadhi 41 Numerical Investigation of Solar Chimney Power Plant in UAE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 Mohammad O. Hamdan and Saud Khashan 42 Jordan Current Status on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency: Analysis and Recommendations for Curricula Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 F. A. Abu Al-Rub, S. Kiwan, Q. Khasawneh and T. Emtairah 43 Heterojunction Solar Cell Based on p-type PbS Quantum Dots and Two n-type Nanocrystals CdS and ZnO . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 Sawsan Dagher, Yousef Haik, Ahmad Ayesh and Nacer Tit 44 Dye and Nanoparticles-Sensitized Solar Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 Sawsan Dagher, Zahraa A. Yousif, Iman Abdulkareem, Sayeda Al Ameri and Yousef Haik 45 Combination of an Improved P&O Technique with ANN for MPPT of a Solar PV System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557 M. Kesraoui, A. Benine and N. Boudhina 46 Articulation Control of a PLC Based Robot Manipulator used for Heliostat Orientation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 A. Chaïb, M. Kesraoui and E. Kechadi 47 High Density Polyethylene Pyrolysis: Review and Progress . . . . . 585 Farah Obeid and Isam Janajreh 48 Developing Sustainable and Clean Energy for Environmental Issues in Turkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 I. Yuksel and H. Arman 49 Detailed Kinetics-Based Entrained Flow Gasification Modeling of Utah Bituminous Coal and Waste Construction Wood Using Aspen Plus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607 Idowu A. Adeyemi and Isam Janajreh 50 Estimating Global Solar Radiation with Multiple Meteorological Predictors for Abu Dhabi and Al Ain, UAE. . . . . 623 Jamal Hassan