HYPERTENSION A Case-based Approach HYPERTENSION A Case-based Approach Editors Elizabeth W Edwards MD Assistant Professor Department of Medicine University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, South Carolina, USA Donald J DiPette MD FACP FAHA Health Sciences Distinguished Professor Department of Medicine University of South Carolina University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, South Carolina, USA Foreword C Venkata S Ram JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS The Health Sciences Publisher New Delhi | London Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. Headquarters Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110 002, India Phone: +91-11-43574357 Fax: +91-11-43574314 E-mail: [email protected] Overseas Office JP Medical Ltd. 83, Victoria Street, London SW1H 0HW (UK) Phone: +44-20 3170 8910 Fax: +44(0)20 3008 6180 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com Website: www.jaypeedigital.com © 2020, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers The views and opinions expressed in this book are solely those of the original contributor(s)/ author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of editor(s) of the book. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo copying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject matter in question. However, readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contra indications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions. Neither the publisher nor the author(s)/ editor(s) assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book. This book is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in providing professional medical services. If such advice or services are required, the services of a competent medical professional should be sought. Every effort has been made where necessary to contact holders of copyright to obtain permission to reproduce copyright material. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. The CD/DVD-ROM (if any) provided in the sealed envelope with this book is complimentary and free of cost. Not meant for sale. Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: [email protected] Hypertension: A Case-based Approach First Edition: 2020 ISBN: 978-93-86261-48-9 Printed at: Dedication For Mom, whose wisdom and intuition I treasure more than anything I ever learned in medical books. For Dad, who modeled the value of old-fashioned patient care and taught me that only the doctor who takes the time to look can see the kidney in the back of the eye. —Elizabeth W Edwards For my parents Anne and Nicholas, my family, and the numerous mentors who have supported and shaped my clinical practice, educational activities, and research throughout my career. —Donald J DiPette Contributors Ali A Rizvi MD Daniel T Lackland DrPH FACE FAHA AT Chalk Endowed Professor of Medicine Professor of Epidemiology Director Division of Translational Neurosciences Division of Endocrinology and and Population Studies Fellowship Training Program Department of Neurology University of South Carolina School of Medical University of South Carolina Medicine Charleston, South Carolina, USA Columbia, South Carolina, USA Debbie L Cohen MD Alvin L Day MD Professor of Medicine Division of Clinical Immunology and Director of Clinical Hypertension Rheumatology Programs Department of Medicine Co-Director of Neuroendocrine University of Alabama at Birmingham Tumor Program Birmingham, Alabama, USA Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Anthony J Viera MD MPH FAHA Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Professor and Chair Department of Family Medicine and Donald J DiPette MD FACP FAHA Community Health Health Sciences Distinguished Professor Duke University School of Medicine Department of Medicine Duke University University of South Carolina Durham, North Carolina, USA University of South Carolina School of Medicine Bonnie L White MD Columbia, South Carolina, USA University of South Carolina School of Medicine Elizabeth W Edwards MD Columbia, South Carolina, USA Assistant Professor Department of Medicine Brent M Egan MD University of South Carolina School Professor of Medicine of Medicine Vice President (Research) Columbia, South Carolina, USA Care Coordination Institute University of South Carolina School Emily Huggins MD of Medicine—Greenville Kershaw Health Medical Center Greenville, South Carolina, USA Camden, South Carolina, USA Catherine M Millender MD Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care Emily Ridley PharmD and Sleep Medicine Ambulatory Clinical Pharmacist University of South Carolina/Prisma Prisma Health—Midlands Health—Midlands University of South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina, USA Columbia, South Carolina, USA Cheryl L Laffer MD PhD FAHA Fernando Elijovich MD FAHA Professor of Medicine Professor of Medicine Division of Clinical Pharmacology Division of Clinical Pharmacology Department of Medicine Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Tennessee, USA Nashville, Tennessee, USA viii Hypertension: A Case-based Approach Gregg Talente MD MS Michael Wagner MD FACP RDMS Clinical Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics Clinical Assistant Professor Program Director Director of Internal Medicine Ultrasound Primary Care Internal Medicine Residency Division of Hospital Medicine University of South Carolina School of Greenville Health System Medicine University of South Carolina School of Columbia, South Carolina, USA Medicine—Greenville Greenville, South Carolina, USA Imran Hasan Iftikhar MD Associate Professor of Medicine Neda Azizzadeh MD Department of Medicine Prisma Health—Midlands Emory University School of Medicine University of South Carolina School of Atlanta, Georgia, USA Medicine Columbia, South Carolina, USA Jamario Skeete MD Prisma Health—Midlands Norm RC Campbell CM MD FRCPC University of South Carolina School of Department of Medicine, Physiology and Medicine Pharmacology and Community Health Columbia, South Carolina, USA Sciences O’Brien Institute for Public Health and Jaron L Pettis MD Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta University of South Carolina School University of Calgary of Medicine Calgary, Alberta, Canada Columbia, South Carolina, USA Paige Colgrove MD Julian Reece DO Department of Psychiatry Prisma Health—Midlands Medical University of South Carolina University of South Carolina School of Charleston, South Carolina, USA Medicine Columbia, South Carolina, USA Panagiotis Kompotiatis MD Department of Internal Medicine Kenneth Connell Division of Nephrology and Hypertension MBBS DM (Internal Medicine) (UWI) Mayo Clinic PhD (KCL) FACP FRCP FACC Rochester, Minnesota, USA Lecturer in Clinical Pharmacology Faculty of Medical Sciences Poghni Allenn Peri-Okonny MD Cave Hill Campus Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute The University of the West Indies University of Missouri-Kansas City St Michael, Barbados, West Indies Kansas City, Missouri, USA Marcelo Orias MD PhD Raymond R Townsend MD FAHA Chief of Nephrology Professor Department of Nephrology Department of Medicine Sanatorio Allende Perelman School of Medicine National University of Córdoba University of Pennsylvania Córdoba, Argentina Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Contributors ix Sara Sheehan MD Tatsuo Shimosawa MD PhD Greenville Hospital System-Patewood Professor and Chairman Memorial Hospital International University of Health and Greenville, South Carolina, USA Welfare School of Medicine IUHW Mita Hospital Shawna D Nesbitt MD MS Department of Clinical Laboratory Mita, Minatoku Tokyo, Japan Professor of Medicine Associate Dean of Student Affairs Office of Student Diversity and Inclusion Valeria Vukelic MD University of Texas Southwestern Medical Department of Nephrology Center Sanatorio Allende Dallas, Texas, USA National University of Córdoba Córdoba, Argentina Stephen C Textor MD Vesna D Garovic MD PhD Professor of Medicine Professor Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Rochester, Minnesota, USA Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota, USA