Hydroinformatics Tools for Planning, Design, Operation and Rehabilitation of Sewer Systems

539 Pages·1998·26.246 MB·English

by  J. Marsalek (auth.), Jiri Marsalek, Cedo Maksimovic, Evzen Zeman, Roland Price (eds.)

Hydroinformatics Tools
for Planning, Design, Operation and Rehabilitation
of Sewer Systems
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institute Series
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which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge,
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I Global Environment Change
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Series 2: Environment - Vol. 44
Hydroinformatics Tools
for Planning, Design, Operation
and Rehabilitation
of Sewer Systems
edited by
Jiri Marsalek
National Water Research Institute,
Burlington, Ontario, Canada
Cedo Maksimovic
Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine,
London, United Kingdom
Evzen Zeman
Hydroinform a.s.,
Prague, Czech Republic
and
Roland Price
IHE Delft,
Delft, The Netherlands
Springer-Science+Susiness Media, SV.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
Hydroinformatics Tools for Planning, Design, Operation and
Rehabilitation of Sewer Systems
Harrachov, Czech Republic
June 1~19, 1996
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-5036-6 ISBN 978-94-017-1818-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-1818-9
Printed on acid-free paper
Ali Rights Reserved
@ 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1998
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo
copying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written
permission from the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
CHALLENGES IN URBAN DRAINAGE: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, IMPACT MITIGATION,
METIlODS OF ANALYSIS AND INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES ..................................................... 1
J. Marsalek
BUSINESS NEEDS OF URBAN DRAINAGE, IN THE CONTEXT OF INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT ..•..••..••.•.••••..••..•.•••..•..••••••••••••••••.•••.•...••••••..•••.••••••..••..•...•..•.......•..••...•.• 25
R.K. Price
CHAPTER 2 HYDROINFORMATICS CONCEPTS
HYDROINFORMATICS CONCEPTS ................................................................................. 47
R.K. Price, K. Ahmad, and P. Holz
CHAPTER 3 URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL MODELS
MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION ................................................................... 77
L. Fuchs, C. Maksimovic, R.K. Price and W. Schilling
FuNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICALL Y-BASED RAINFALL I RUNOFF MODELS ....................... 95
C. Maksimovic
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF PHYSICALLY-BASED RAINFALL I RUNOFF MODELS ........... 117
C. Maksimovic
CHAPTER 4 MODEL INPUT DATA NEEDS AND MANAGEMENT
RAINFALL DATA IN URBAN HYDROLOGy ................................................................... 129
T. EinfaIt, V. Krejci and W. Schilling
TOOLS FOR DATA ARCHIVING, VISUALISATION AND ANALYSIS, APPLIED IN MASTER
PLANNING .................................................................................................................. 169
E. Zeman, S. Vanecek and P. Ingeduid
APPLICATION OF GIS IN URBAN DRAINAGE ............................................................... 179
C. Maksimovic
CHAPTER 5 MODELLING URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEM COMPONENTS
HYDROLOGIC MODELLING OF URBAN CATCHMENTS .................................................. 189
L. Fuchs
MODELLING SEWER HYDRAULICS .............................................................................. 209
V. Havlik
MODELLING QUALITY OF URBAN RUNOFF .................................................................. 241
J.W. Delleur
VI
WATER QUALITY MODELLING IN SEWER NETWORKS ................................................. 287
J.W. Delleur
OPTIMISATION MODELS FOR URBAN RUNOFF CONTROL PLANNING ............................ 325
J.Y. Li and B.J. Adams
MODELLING WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS ....................................................... 335
R.W. Szetela
MODELLING RECEIVING WATERS ............................................................................... 357
P. Ingeduld and E. Zeman
CHAPTER 6 OPERATION AND REHABILITATION OF SEWER SYSTEMS
OPERATION OF SEWER SYSTEMS ................................................................................ 393
J. Marsalek and W. Schilling
SEWERAGE REHABILITATION ..................................................................................... 415
J.W. Delleur, S. Reyna and J. Vanegas
CHAPTER 7 SAFE HYDROINFORMATICS
SAFE HYDROINFORMATICS ........................................................................................ 451
K. Ahmad and R.K. Price
CHAPTER 8 INTEGRATED URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT
INTEGRATED URBAN DRAINAGE MANAGEMENT ......................................................... 475
V. Krejci, P. Krebs and W. Schilling
URBAN DRAINAGE AS A PART OF RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT ................................... 507
C. Maksimovic and Z. Todorovic
INDEX ......................................................................................................................... 527
PREFACE
Urban streams and lakes, receiving numerous discharges of stormwater, combined sewer
overflows and wastewater treatment plant effluents, represent some of the most
environmentally degraded water bodies, and as such, receive high priority in the planning
and implementation of environmental protection and remediation. While this is generally
true in all countries, this problem is particularly pressing in the (NATO) Cooperation
Partner countries, which have intensified their environmental remediation in recent years,
in order to eliminate the threats to human health, economy and the entire ecosystem,
caused by poor environmental conditions. Recognising high costs of such remediation
and the need to ensure high returns on these investments, it is important to address the
environmental protection and remediation of urban water resources in an effective and
integrated way, and to seek optimal solutions. The extent and complexity of such
considerations call for the development and use of modem approaches, such as those
advocated in the field of hydro informatics
The idea of hydroinformatics, which merges environmental modelling and
information technology (IT), has attracted much attention in recent years, as obvious
from many recent publications and meetings on this subject, including two NATO
research workshops. This interest was also noticed in urban drainage and documented by
special hydroinformatics sessions held at the triennial IAHRIIA WQ Urban Storm
Drainage conferences in 1993 and 1996. These sessions also indicated some progress in
applications of hydro informatics to urban drainage planning and design, particularly with
reference to the introduction of such tools as simulation models for drainage systems,
real-time control models, GIS (Geographic Information System), and databases.
Recognising the urgent need for environmental remediation and the
opportunities created by the development of various hydroinformatics tools in this field,
the colleagues from the Czech Technical University in Prague suggested to hold a NATO
Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on the use of hydroinformatics in urban drainage. The
main objective of this Institute was to disseminate knowledge on practical use of
hydro informatics in the planning, design, operation and rehabilitation of urban drainage
systems comprising the urban catchment, sewer system, wastewater treatment plants, and
the receiving waters. Equally important were other objectives of this event - to foster
professional contacts among the urban drainage professionals from both NATO and
Cooperation Partner countries and to share participants' experience in this field.
After establishing the Institute's Organising Committee, recruiting lecturers, and
receiving a NATO grant for this ASI, a detailed Institute's program was developed and
presented in this course, which was attended by more than 80 participants from 20
countries. Only the formal lectures of the ASI are reflected in the proceedings that
follow. Besides these lectures, there were other ways of sharing and exchanging
information among the participants, including computer-based tutorials and evening ad
hoc sessions, giving opportunities to "student" participants, who were all accomplished
professionals in urban drainage or related fields, to present their experiences or points of
view. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this book is for descriptive purposes
and does not imply endorsement by the Editors, Authors or NATO.
Vll
VI11
Besides technical findings and compilation of course notes, many other accomplishments
have been achieved at this ASI, in the form of new collaborative links, professional
networks, and personal friendships. Overall, spending two weeks in the Czech mountain
resort town ofHarrachov, while enjoying local hospitality and genuine friendship among
all participants, and learning new concepts of hydro informatics, made this ASI a
memorable event. These sentiments were also confirmed by the results of an evaluation
questionnaire distributed at the ASl Even the weather cooperated; it would have been
almost embarrassing to discuss urban drainage and wet-weather problems without some
first-hand exposure to these phenomena, which we did get abundantly, it rained every
day of the Institute. Finally, we should thank to all who helped stage this Institute, and
particularly those listed in the Acknowledgements.
Jiri Marsalek
Burlington, Canada
Cedo Maksimovic
London, U.K.
E.Zeman
Prague, Czech Republic
Roland Price
Delft, The Netherlands
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This Advanced Study Institute was directed by Jiri Marsalek, National Water Research
Institute (NWRI), Canada, and Evzen Zeman, Czech Technical University (currently
with Hydroinform, Ltd.), Czech Republic. The ASI was sponsored by NATO, in the
form of a grant, and by many institutions which provided lecturers and the resources
required to prepare lecture notes and the proceedings. Special thanks are due to Dr. L.
Veiga da Cunha, Director, NATO Priority Area on Environmental Security, who
provided liaison between the Institute organisers and NATO, and personally assisted
with many tasks.
The compilation of the proceedings typescript was done by Gillian Larkin, a
contract employee of NWRI. All local arrangements were done by the local organising
committee, headed by Evzen Zeman, with assistance from Eliska Poupova, Karolina
Hazova (all from the Czech Technical University, Prague) and Zorica Todorovic
(University of Belgrade). Special thanks are due to all the above contributors, and above
all, to all the participants, who made this Institute a memorable and interactive learning
experience for all involved.
IX
PROCEEDINGS SUMMARY
The ASI proceedings are organised into eight chapters, each of which contains one to
seven papers. A brief summary of individual chapters and papers follows.
In Chapter 1, Introduction, J. Marsalek introduces the Challenges in urban
drainage: environmental impacts, impact mitigation, methods of analysis and
institutional issues. Drainage impacts on receiving waters are caused by physical factors,
and by the discharge of chemicals and microbiological organisms, and can be mitigated
by stormwater management, and CSO control and treatment. The planning and design of
such modem drainage systems requires a supportive institutional framework, and is best
accomplished by means of hydro informatics.
R. Price discusses Business needs of urban drainage, in the context of
information management and notes that the business of draining wastewater from urban
areas is increasingly information intensive. As such, the way in which information is
managed is critical to the efficiency and effectiveness of the water industry. The needs of
the privatised water industry in the UK are compared with those of the non-privatised
industry in the USA. The key factors affecting the management of sewerage are then
considered from an information management perspective.
HYdroinformatics concepts are introduced in Chapter 2, by R. Price, K.P. Holz
and K. Ahmad, noting that hydro informatics is a new topic, in which the various strands
contributing to hydro informatics are considered and interpreted in terms of the
application of information technology to the management of water. Of particular concern
are simulation modelling, artificial intelligence and access to a range of textual and other
sign information.
Chapter 3 deals with Urban Environmental Models. With reference to Model
development and application, L. Fuchs, C. Maksimovic, R.K. Price and W. Schilling
describe the framework for an information system supporting the management of a
water-based asset. This information system contains tools for urban drainage modelling
as well as monitoring and survey systems, databases, GIS, CAD computer hardware and
so on. The modelling tools are described in more detail, including the steps needed to set
up a model for urban drainage. The factors considered in this process include the
modelling concepts, modelling software, data, validation, calibration and verification and
model uncertainties. Finally, the roles played in this process by the model developers and
model users, and their interactions, are presented.
C. Maksimovic describes Fundamentals of physically-based rainfall / runoff
models, with reference to their application. Examples of model formulations include
infiltration modelling using the Green-Ampt equation and selecting overland flow
solutions on the basis of the Froude number and some dimensionless geometric
parameters. Such models can be calibrated with data from the existing data banks.
C. Maksimovic further described Sensitivity analysis of physically-based
rainfall / runoff models and demonstrated such a procedure on a hypothetical catchment.
The model presented (BEMUS) is used for training engineers to apply physically based
models.
Model Input Data Needs and Management are discussed in Chapter 4, starting
with T. Einfalt, V. Krejci and W. Schilling's discussion of Rainfall data in urban
Xl