Table Of Content

Hydraulic Structures Also available from Taylor & Francis Hydraulics in Civil and Environmental Engineering 4th edition A. Chadwick et al. Hardback: ISBN 978-041-530608-9 Paperback:ISBN 978-041-530609-6 Mechanics of Fluids 8th edition B. Massey, by J. Ward Smith Hardback: ISBN 978-0-415-36205-4 Paperback:ISBN 978-0-415-36206-1 Practical Hydraulics 2nd edition M. Kay Hardback: ISBN 978-0-415-35114-0 Paperback:ISBN 978-0-415-35115-7 Hydraulic Canals J. Liria Hardback: ISBN 978-0-415-36211-5 Information and ordering details For price availability and ordering visit our website www.sponpress.com Alternatively our books are available from all good bookshops. Hydraulic Structures Fourth Edition P. Novak, A.I.B. Moffat and C. Nalluri School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK and R. Narayanan Formerly Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, UMIST, University of Manchester, UK Fourth edition published 2007 by Taylor & Francis 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Taylor & Francis 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Taylor &Francis is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 1990, 1996, 2001, 2007 PavelNovak, IainMoffat, the estate of Chandra Nalluri and Rangaswami Narayanan The right of PavelNovak, IainMoffat, ChandraNalluri and Rangaswami Narayanan to be identified as the Authors of this Work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any efforts or omissions that may be made. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Hydraulic structures / P. Novak ... [et al.]. — 4th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-415-38625-8 (alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-415-38626-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Hydraulic structures. I. Novák, Pavel. TC180.H95 2007 627--dc22 ISBN 0-203-96463-2 Master e-book ISBN ISBN10: 0-415-38625-X Hardback ISBN10: 0-415-38626-8 Paperback ISBN10: 0-203-96463-2 e-book ISBN13: 978-0-415-38625-8 Hardback ISBN13: 978-0-415-38626-5 Paperback ISBN13: 978-0-203-96463-7 e-book Contents Preface xi Preface to the third edition xiii Preface to the second edition xv Preface to the first edition xvii Acknowledgements xix List of tables xx List of main symbols xxii Part One Dam engineering 1 1 Elements of dam engineering 3 1.1 General 3 1.2 Introductory perspectives 4 1.3 Embankment dam types and characteristics 12 1.4 Concrete dam types and characteristics 16 1.5 Spillways, outlets and ancillary works 20 1.6 Site assessment and selection of type of dam 23 1.7 Loads on dams 35 References 39 2 Embankment dam engineering 42 2.1 Introduction 42 2.2 Nature and classification of engineering soils 42 2.3 Engineering characteristics of soils 47 vi CONTENTS 2.4 Principles of embankment dam design 60 2.5 Materials and construction 73 2.6 Seepage analysis 78 2.7 Stability and stress 82 2.8 Settlement and deformation 97 2.9 Rockfill embankments and rockfill 100 2.10 Small embankment dams, farm dams and flood banks 103 2.11 Tailing dams and storage lagoons 107 2.12 Geosynthetics in embankment dams 108 2.13 Upgrading and rehabilitation of embankment dams 109 Worked examples 111 References 116 3 Concrete dam engineering 122 3.1 Loading: concepts and criteria 122 3.2 Gravity dam analysis 133 3.3 Buttress dam analysis 155 3.4 Arch dam analysis 157 3.5 Design features and construction 164 3.6 Concrete for dams 170 3.7 The roller-compacted concrete gravity dam 174 3.8 Upgrading of masonry and concrete dams 180 Worked examples 182 References 188 4 Dam outlet works 191 4.1 Introduction 191 4.2 The design flood 192 4.3 Flood routing 195 4.4 Freeboard 197 4.5 Sedimentation in reservoirs 200 4.6 Cavitation 204 4.7 Spillways 206 4.8 Bottom outlets 231 Worked examples 234 References 239 5 Energy dissipation 244 5.1 General 244 5.2 Energy dissipation on spillways 245 5.3 Stilling basins 249 5.4 Plunge pools 259 5.5 Energy dissipation at bottom outlets 261 Worked examples 262 References 264 CONTENTS vii 6 Gates and valves 267 6.1 General 267 6.2 Crest gates 268 6.3 High-head gates and valves 275 6.4 Tidal barrage and surge protection gates 277 6.5 Hydrodynamic forces acting on gates 279 6.6 Cavitation, aeration, vibration of gates 283 6.7 Automation, control and reliability 284 Worked example 285 References 287 7 Dam safety: instrumentation and surveillance 289 7.1 Introduction 289 7.2 Instrumentation 291 7.3 Surveillance 304 7.4 Dam safety legislation 306 7.5 Reservoir hazard and risk assessment 309 References 315 Part Two Other hydraulic structures 319 8 River engineering 321 8.1 Introduction 321 8.2 Some basic principles of open-channel flow 322 8.3 River morphology and régime 327 8.4 River surveys 331 8.5 Flow-measuring structures 337 8.6 River flood routing 338 8.7 River improvement 342 Worked examples 353 References 360 9 Diversion works 364 9.1 Weirs and barrages; worked examples 364 9.2 Intakes; worked examples 392 9.3 Fish passes 410 References 416 10 Cross-drainage and drop structures 418 10.1 Aqueducts and canal inlets and outlets; worked examples 418 10.2 Culverts, bridges and dips; worked examples 428 10.3 Drop structures; worked example 448 References 458 viii CONTENTS 11 Inland waterways 461 11.1 Introduction 461 11.2 Definitions, classification and some waterways 463 11.3 Multipurpose utilization of waterways 466 11.4 Transport on inland waterways 469 11.5 Canalization and navigation canals 471 11.6 Resistance of ships 473 11.7 Wave action on banks 475 11.8 Locks 477 11.9 Thrift locks 486 11.10 Lifts and inclined planes 488 11.11 Lock approaches 490 11.12 Inland ports 491 Worked examples 493 References 494 12 Hydroelectric power development 496 12.1 Introduction 496 12.2 Worldwide hydroelectric power development in perspective 497 12.3 Power supply and demand 497 12.4 Some fundamental definitions 498 12.5 Types of water power development 499 12.6 Head classification of hydropower plants 502 12.7 Streamflow data essential for the assessment of water-powerpotential 502 12.8 Hydraulic turbines and their selection 505 12.9 Other components of hydropower plants 517 12.10 Surge tanks 525 12.11 Small hydraulic power plant development 529 12.12 Other energy resources 530 Worked examples 533 References 546 13 Pumping stations 548 13.1 Introduction 548 13.2 Pumps and their classification 548 13.3 Design of pumping mains 554 13.4 Classification of pumping stations and intakes 557 13.5 Sump design 559 13.6 Screening devices 562 13.7 Benching 562 13.8 Surges 562 13.9 General design considerations of pumping stations and mains 566 CONTENTS ix Worked examples 568 References 574 14 Waves and offshore engineering 575 14.1 Introduction 575 14.2 Wave motion 576 14.3 Range of validity of linear theory 584 14.4 Waves approaching a shore 586 14.5 Wave breaking 588 14.6 Wave reflection 591 14.7 Basin oscillations 592 14.8 Wave diffraction 593 14.9 Wave prediction 594 14.10 Wave statistics 599 14.11 Forces on cylindrical structures 602 14.12 Vortex-induced oscillations 612 14.13 Oscillations of cylinders in waves 617 Worked examples 618 References 624 15 Coastal engineering 627 15.1 Introduction 627 15.2 Coastal defence 629 15.3 Wave forces on coastal structures 636 15.4 Wave run-up 641 15.5 Wave overtopping 645 15.6 Rubble-mound breakwaters 647 15.7 Sea outfalls 653 15.8 Coastal management 662 Worked examples 663 References 670 16 Models in hydraulic engineering 674 16.1 Hydraulic models 674 16.2 Structural models 683 Worked example 687 References 688 Author index 691 Subject index 696