Human Machine Collaboration and Interaction for Smart Manufacturing: Automation, robotics, sensing, artificial intelligence, 5G, IoTs and Blockchain (Control, Robotics and Sensors)

581 Pages·2022·26.111 MB·English

by  Wai Yie Leong (editor)

IETCONTROL,ROBOTICSAND SENSORS SERIES 132
Human Machine
Collaboration and
Interaction for Smart
Manufacturing
This page intentionally left blank
Human Machine
Collaboration and
Interaction for Smart
Manufacturing
Automation, robotics, sensing, artificial
intelligence, 5G, IoTs and Blockchain
Edited by
Wai Yie Leong
The Institution of Engineering andTechnology
PublishedbyTheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnology,London,UnitedKingdom
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†TheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnology2022
Firstpublished2022
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Contents
Abouttheeditor xix
1 Introductionto HMI—current andfuture,systems, features, and
benefitsHuman–machine interfaces insmart manufacturing 1
Kamalakannan R, Satheesh KumarS, TanKoonTatt and Siva SundarS
1.1 HMIona growthdrive 1
1.2 Originsof smart manufacturing 2
1.3 HMIs 3
1.3.1 Industry 4.0 5
1.3.2 Cause and development of the term 5
1.4 HMIfeatures 6
1.5 HMIbenefits 6
1.6 Disadvantagesof HMI 7
1.7 Total global HMIdedicated AR/VRdevices 2020–2030 7
References 7
2 Human–machine interaction (HMI) technology—Malaysia National
Technology RoadmapIndustry4WRDleading thehuman
intelligence transformation insmart manufacturing 9
Chee Fui, Wong
2.1 Smart manufacturing—a global overview 9
2.2 Malaysia smart manufacturing usingHMItechnologies—the call
for a national policy in Malaysia 10
2.2.1 Industry4WRD:Malaysia national policy roadmap for HMI
technologies 12
2.2.2 Shift factors inMalaysianational policy roadmap for smart
manufacturing usingHMItechnologies 12
2.3 Convergence of emerging technologies 13
2.4 Malaysia readiness for Industry 4.0 15
2.5 Industry4WRD—framework 18
2.5.1 Industry4WRDobjectives 18
2.5.2 Industry4WRDstrategic enabler 19
2.5.3 Industry4WRDreadiness assessment 19
2.6 Case study—Pentamaster—embracingIndustry 4.0 automation 19
2.6.1 Background 19
vi Human–machine collaboration and interactionfor smartmanufacturing
2.6.2 Pentamaster implementation of Industry 4.0 20
2.6.3 Pentamaster implementation of Industry 4.0 20
2.7 Conclusion—moving forward 21
References 21
3 Challengesandimpact of human–machine interaction systems
insmart manufacturing 23
Alex LooiTink Huey
3.1 Smart manufacturing 24
3.2 HMI 27
3.2.1 Socio-technical approach inHMI 27
3.2.2 Framework of HMI 31
References 33
4 Roboticsandautonomoussystemsinsmart manufacturing 35
Abonab NasserSalem Ali and Wai Yie Leong
4.1 Introduction 35
4.1.1 Development of robots 37
4.1.2 Future of robotics 38
4.2 Introduction to autonomoussystems 42
4.2.1 Conceptof robotics laws 47
4.2.2 Communicationsystem used inrobotics 50
4.2.3 Advantages of robots 50
4.2.4 Disadvantages of robots 50
4.3 Fifth industrial revolution 50
4.3.1 Robotics beyond 2030 51
4.3.2 Robots in architecture 52
4.3.3 Five applications of robotics 52
4.4 Conclusion 55
References 56
5 Artificial intelligence implementationsinHMI for smart
manufacturing 59
Rian Abduallah Ba Sunbul and Wai Yie Leong
5.1 Introduction 59
5.2 Applications 59
5.3 Advantagesand disadvantages of AI 60
5.3.1 The components 61
5.3.2 Workingprinciples 61
5.3.3 Conclusion 64
5.4 AI technology 65
5.5 The ethics of AI 69
Contents vii
5.6 Stage of intelligence 73
5.7 AI in2030 74
5.8 Conclusions 78
References 79
6 5G andbeyondenvironment for smart manufacturing 83
Sultan Salah Sultan Melhi and Wai Yie Leong
6.1 The current communication system 83
6.2 Introduction 83
6.3 Differences between 4Gand 5G 84
6.4 Why is5Ga big deal? 84
6.5 What makes 5Gfaster? 84
6.6 Differencebetween 1G,2G,3G,4G,and 5G 85
6.6.1 First-generation 1G 85
6.6.2 Second-generation 2G 85
6.6.3 Third-generation 3G 85
6.6.4 Fourth-generation 4G 86
6.6.5 Fifth-generation5G 86
6.7 The evolution of the 5G 86
6.8 Howdoes5G work? 87
6.9 Features and advantages of 5Gtechnology 87
6.10 Disadvantages of 5Gtechnology 88
6.11 Applications 88
6.12 5Ginnovation 89
6.12.1 Introduction to5G innovation 89
6.12.2 Past technologies 91
6.12.3 Gap analysisand benchmarking analysis 92
6.12.4 Benchmarking analysis 93
6.12.5 Suitable concept(S) law (S)for 5G 94
6.12.6 Mathematical model(s) 94
6.12.7 The communication system and modulation system
for 5G 94
6.13 Beyond 5G 97
6.13.1 Introduction 97
6.13.2 One advancedcommunication technology
beyond 2030 98
6.13.3 Features in 6G 98
6.13.4 Characteristics of 6G 99
6.13.5 Future system for 6G 99
6.13.6 Architecture of 6G 100
6.13.7 Five real applicationson the 6Gtechnology 101
6.14 Conclusion 101
References 102
viii Human–machine collaboration and interaction for smartmanufacturing
7 Dronesupportsapplicationsinsmart manufacturing 105
Ba Kowaina Aseel Salem andWaiYie Leong
7.1 Introduction 105
7.2 Applications 106
7.2.1 Amazon AirService for drone transportation 106
7.2.2 Automated aircraft used in agriculture 106
7.2.3 Constructionaircraft 106
7.2.4 Advantages of drones 106
7.2.5 Disadvantages of drones 107
7.2.6 The component of drone 107
7.3 Future of drone technology 107
7.4 The history of drone 109
7.5 The working principle of drone 110
7.6 Conclusion 111
7.7 Introduction to drone use 112
7.8 Data collection and analysis 117
7.9 Applications 118
7.10 Conclusion 118
7.11 Introduction to drone and telecommunications 118
7.12 What is 6Gtechnology? 121
7.13 6Gconcept 121
7.14 What do we expect from the 6G? 121
7.15 Service requirements 122
7.16 Applicationsof 6G 124
7.17 Conclusion 124
References 125
8 VoIPtechnologyinmanufacturing 127
Mohammed Mohammed Moqbel Ali and Wai Yie Leong
8.1 Introduction 127
8.1.1 What does VoIPmeans? 127
8.2 History of VoIPtechnology 127
8.3 Technology working principle 129
8.4 Specialized activity steps 129
8.5 Requirements for the technology to work 129
8.6 Some of the benefits of the VoIPtechnology 129
8.7 Minimize cost 130
8.8 Mobility 131
8.9 Scalability 131
8.10 Features 131
8.11 Easy to use 131
8.12 VoIPtechnology standards 131
8.12.1 Closed systems 132
8.12.2 Open systems 132
Contents ix
8.13 HowVoIPis transferred? 133
8.13.1 NATdiagram 134
8.13.2 Advantages of VoIP 135
8.13.3 Disadvantages of VoIP 135
8.13.4 What tolookfor in a VoIPprovider? 135
8.14 Literature review 136
8.14.1 Introduction 136
8.14.2 Conclusion 140
8.15 Beyond 2030 142
8.15.1 Introduction 142
8.15.2 Beyond2030 in 6Gtechnology and the improve for VoIP 143
8.15.3 The disturbance brought by these correspondence advances 147
8.15.4 Conclusion 148
References 148
9 IndustrialInternet of Thingssolutionsinsmart manufacturing 151
NaqidMarzoqAbdulmalek and Wai Yie Leong
9.1 Introduction 151
9.2 Application area 152
9.3 IoT principle 159
9.4 Conclusions 160
9.5 IoT vs Artificial Intelligence, RFID,and wireless communication 160
9.6 Introduction 160
9.7 Discussion 161
9.8 Introduction 168
9.9 Future application 176
9.10 Conclusion 179
References 179
10 Metal powderbedfusion:anoverview onprocesses, materials,
andchallenges 183
TanKoonTatt, KhairurRijal Jamaludin and SivakumarParamasivam
10.1 Introduction 183
10.2 Metal powder bed fusion process 184
10.2.1 Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS)and selective laser
sintering(SLS) 184
10.2.2 Selective laser melting (SLM) 185
10.2.3 Electronbeam melting (EBM) 186
10.3 Materialsused in metal powder bed fusion processes 187
10.3.1 Steel 187
10.3.2 Titanium alloys 188
10.3.3 Aluminum alloys 188
10.3.4 Nickel–chromium alloys 188
10.3.5 Cobalt–chromium alloys 188