Human Assessment: Cognition and Motivation PDF
Preview Human Assessment: Cognition and Motivation
Human Assessment: Cognition and Motivation NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathetnatical and D. Reidel Publishing Company Physical Sciences Dordrecht and Boston D Behavioural and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers Social Sciences DordrechtiBoston/Lancaster E Applied Sciences F Computer and Springer-Verlag Systems Sciences Berlin/Heidelberg/New York G Ecological Sciences Series D: Behavioural and Social Sciences - No. 27 Human Assessment: Cognition and Motivation edited by Stephen E. Newstead Sidney H. Irvine Peter L. Dann Plymouth Polytechnic Plymouth, Devon, U.K. 1986 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers Dordrecht / Boston / Lancaster Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Human Assessment: Cognition and Motivation", Athens, Greece, December 10 -20, 1984 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data ISBN-13: 978-94-010-8460-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-4406-0 001: 10. 1007/978-94-009-4406-0 Distributors for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, USA Distributors for the UK and Ireland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, MTP Press Ltd, Falcon House, Queen Square, Lancaster LA1 1R N, UK Distributors for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, P.O. Box 163, 3300 AD Dordrecht, The Netherlands Copyright © 1986 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1986 v F or Philip E. Vernon. VII TABLE OF CONTENTS. Human Assessment: An Overview. XVII Stephen E. Newstead, Sidney H. Irvine & Peter L. Dann. Contributors to this Volume. XXV PART 1. APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF COGNITION, MOTIVATION AND PERSONALITY. LECTURE SUMMARIES. SECTION 1. Psychometric approaches to the assessment of cognitive abili ties. John B. Carroll. Lecture 1: Factor-analytic investigations of cognitive 3 abilities. Lecture 2: Defining abilities through the person 8 characteristic function. Lecture 3: Cognitive components and psychological 12 processes. Hans Eysenck. Lecture 1: The biological basis of intelligence. 17 Sidney H. Irvine. Approaching the LIQ: new waves and old problems in 21 individual differences. VIII SECTION 2. Information processing approaches. Earl Hunt. Lecture 1: The information processing approach to 27 intelligence. Lecture 2: Verbal comprehension. 32 Lecture 3: Attention. 36 Robert J. Sternberg. Lecture 1: Overview of the triarchic theory of human 43 intelligence. Lecture 2: The componential subtheory. 44 Lecture 3: The experiential and contextual subtheories. 46 SECTION 3. Cross-cultural perspectives. Philip E. Vernon. Cognitive and motivational differences between Asian and 51 other cultures. John M. Verster. Speed of cognitive processing: cross-cultural findings. 53 John Berry. Lecture 1: The comparative study of cognitive abilities: 57 historical and comtemporary issues. Lecture 2: Organisation and ecology of cognitive 63 abilities. Lecture 3: Indigenous and universal cognitive 69 functioning. Z.L. Klich. Australian Aboriginal cognition in context. 75 IX SECTION 4. Non-standard approaches to assessment. Robert F. Peck. Lecture 1: Methods of assessing competence. 83 Lecture 2: Assessing high order cognitive skills. 87 Lecture 3: Assessing motivation, values and coping 91 skills that affect competence. Louis Herman. Contributions of animal cognition to the understanding 95 of human cognition. SECTION 5. Personality. Hans Eysenck. Lecture 2: The biological basis of personality. 101 Lecture 3: The biological basis of neurosis. 104 Paul Kline. Lecture 1: Personality inventories. 109 Lecture 2: Projective and objective tests. 113 Lecture 3: Measuring unconscious processes. 117 SECTION 6. Aptitudes and learning. Richard E. Snow. Lecture 1: A framework for aptitude theories. 125 Lecture 2: Toward a theory of cognitive aptitude for 128 learning from instruction. Lecture 3: Cognitive and motivational process analysis 132 of tests, tasks and treatments. x PART 2. ASSESSMENT: PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATION AND OTHER FIELDS. SECTION 1. Cognitive abilities. Reanalyses of factor-analytic studies of mathematical 139 abilities. Linda DeGuire. Metacognition, social context and personal factors in 155 arithmetic problem solving. Harry Osser & F. Rudmin. The role of word familiarity in word recognition. 179 Sylvia M. Hains. Intellectual, memory and neuropsychological assessment: 201 a clinical survey. Reg Morris, Anthony Wilson & John McCullough. SECTION 2. Personality, cognitive style and concentration. The interaction of cognition and motivation in 217 performance on tests of field dependence-independence. Cees J. Groot. Current theoretical considerations of the trait concept: 231 empirical facts and implications for personality inventory construction. Manfred Amelang & Peter Borkenau. A life-span study of liberal arts and professional 249 groups on personal and intellective growth. Donald R. Brown. Concentration ability of students in education: 259 construction and validity of a questionnaire. L. De Leeuw, J.A. Feij & F. van der Zee. Student attention during instruction and achievement. 273 Andreas Helmke. XI Personality and test performance. 287 Arnold Bohrer & Stefan van den Broucke. SECTION 3. Environmental and social factors. Asssessing the role of intelligence, motivation and 301 coping skills in explaining the Latin-Americans' intellectual competence in school. Robert F. Peck, Arrigo Angelini and Rogelio Diaz-Guerrero. Performance based assessment of depriving environments: 319 comparison of context/response interactions within inner-city and suburban school settings. Charles R. Greenwood, Joseph C. Delquadri, Sandra o. Stanley, Barbara Terry & R. Vance Hall. Achievement motivation and socialisation. 341 Saburo Iwawaki. Females in technical apprenticeship: development of 351 aptitudes, performance and self-concept. Heinz Schuler. The effects on performance of the congruence between 359 goal-setting strategies and socio-cultural values. Miriam Erez. PART 3. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT: SEMINAR ABSTRACTS. SECTION 1. Computerised assessment. Validation of the Micropat battery of pilot aptitude 371 ~ests. D. Bartram. Measures of thirty cognitive tasks: intercorrelations 372 and correlations with aptitude battery scores. B.A. Fairbank, W. Tirre & N. Anderson.
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