How Was It Possible? A Holocaust Reader PDF
Preview How Was It Possible? A Holocaust Reader
“Peter Hayes has assembled an outstanding collection of texts addressing what is undoubtedly the most important question arising from the Holocaust: How was it possible? This volume will prove invaluable to academic specialists, students, and non- expert readers who insist on the importance of approaching the subject with empirical and intellectual rigor.” —Alan E. Steinweis, Leonard and Carolyn Miller Distinguished Professor of Holocaust Studies at the University of Vermont and author of Kristallnacht 1938 “This brilliant compilation includes must-read primary sources, classic works of scholarship, and cutting-edge interpretations, assembled and introduced by a master historian and path-breaking Holocaust educator. An invaluable resource for students and teachers alike.” —Doris L. Bergen, author of War and Genocide: A Concise History of the Holocaust How Was It Possible? How Was It Possible? A Holocaust Reader Edited by Peter Hayes Foreword by Harvey Schulweis University of Nebraska Press | Lincoln and London © 2015 by the Jewish Foundation for the Righteous. Acknowledgments for the use of copyrighted material appear in Source Acknowledgments, which constitute an extension of the copyright page. All rights reserved. Cover image © iStockphoto.com/Qweek Author photo courtesy of the author Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data How was it possible?: a Holocaust reader / edited by Peter Hayes; foreword by Harvey Schulweis. pages cm Includes bibliographic references and index. ISBN 978-0-8032-7469-3 (pbk.: alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-8032-7489-1 (epub) ISBN 978-0-8032-7490-7 (mobi) ISBN 978-0-8032-7491-4 (pdf) 1. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–1945) 2. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–45)—Causes. 3. Antisemitism—Germany—History—20th century. 4. Jews—Germany—History—twentieth century. 5. Jews—Persecutions—Germany. 6. Germany—History—1933– 45. 7. Germany—Ethnic relations. I. Hayes, Peter, September 7, 1946–, editor. D804.3.H699 2015 940.53'18—dc23 2014039233 The publisher does not have any control over and does not assume any responsibility for author or third-party websites or their content. Contents List of Illustrations Foreword Harvey Schulweis Introduction Peter Hayes Editorial Note Chapter 1. The Context Introduction Peter Hayes Antisemitism Robert S. Wistrich, from Antisemitism: The Longest Hatred Racism Michael Burleigh and Wolfgang Wippermann, from The Racial State Contradictions in Central Europe Amos Elon, from The Pity of It All Germany’s Turmoil, 1918–1933 Klaus P. Fischer, from Nazi Germany: A New History The Interwar Jewish Heartland Ezra Mendelsohn, from The Jews of East Central Europe Between the World Wars Chapter 2. Nazism in Power Introduction Peter Hayes Elite Cooperation Eckart Conze et al., from Das Amt und die Vergangenheit [The Office and the Past] Street-Level Coercion Sebastian Haffner, from Defying Hitler The Claims of Community Thomas Kühne, from Belonging and Genocide Aryanization Avraham Barkai, from From Boycott to Annihilation Talk of “Annihilation” Ernst von Weizsäcker’s Remarks to a Swiss Diplomat, November 15, 1938, from Documents Diplomatiques Suisses “Jews, What Now?” from Das Schwarze Korps, November 24, 1938 Hitler’s Reichstag Speech, January 30, 1939, from Nazism 1939–1945 Chapter 3. Impediments to Escape Introduction Peter Hayes The United States and Refugees, 1933–1940 Richard Breitman and Alan M. Kraut, from American Refugee Policy and European Jewry, 1933–1945 France: From Hospitality to Hostility Eugen Weber, from The Hollow Years The Unreceptive British Empire Louise London, from Whitehall and the Jews, 1933–1948 Switzerland Independent Commission of Experts Switzerland—Second World War, from Switzerland, National Socialism, and the Second World War Palestine Rebecca Boehling and Uta Larkey, from Life and Loss in the Shadow of the Holocaust Going and Staying Marion Kaplan, from Between Dignity and Despair Chapter 4. The New Order in Europe Introduction Peter Hayes Culling the German Volk Robert N. Proctor, from Racial Hygiene Rearranging Populations Götz Aly and Suzanne Heim, from Architects of Annihilation Racial War in the East Timothy Snyder, from Bloodlands Plunder, Individual and Governmental Götz Aly, from Hitler’s Beneficiaries Forced Labor Ulrich Herbert, from Hitler’s Foreign Workers Chapter 5. Jews in the Nazi Grip Introduction Peter Hayes Indirect Rule Isaiah Trunk, from Judenrat Isolation and Impoverishment Chaim Kaplan, from Scroll of Agony Choiceless Choices Gordon J. Horwitz, from Ghettostadt: Łódź and the Making of a Nazi City Leaving a Record Samuel D. Kassow, from Who Will Write Our History? Nothing to Lose Yisrael Gutman, from The Jews of Warsaw, 1939–1943 Women Slave Laborers Felicja Karay, from Women in the Holocaust Robbery in the Netherlands Martin Dean, from Robbing the Jews Chapter 6. The German Killers and Their Methods Introduction Peter Hayes Deciding to Kill Mark Roseman, from The Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution Bringing Death to Jews Richard Rhodes, from Masters of Death Bringing Jews to Death Raul Hilberg, from The Destruction of the European Jews Political Soldiers Edward B. Westermann, from Hitler’s Police Battalions The Fates of Gypsies Yehuda Bauer, from Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp Camp Labor Primo Levi, from If This Is a Man (Survival in Auschwitz) The Final Frenzy Daniel Blatman, from The Death Marches Chapter 7. Collaboration and Its Limits Introduction Peter Hayes Poland: The Blue Police Jan Grabowski, from Hunt for the Jews Romania: Annihilation Aborted Jean Ancel, from The History of the Holocaust in Romania Vichy France: “Our” Jews and the Rest Saul Friedländer, from The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939– 1945 The Italian Paradox Susan Zuccotti, from The Italians and the Holocaust The Hungarian Paroxysm Randolph L. Braham, from Studies on the Holocaust Papal Priorities Michael Phayer, from The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 Self-Serving Switzerland Independent Commission of Experts Switzerland—Second World War, from Switzerland, National Socialism, and the Second World War Chapter 8. Rescuing Jews—Means and Obstacles Introduction Peter Hayes The Kovno Connection Jonathan Goldstein, from Lessons and Legacies VI The Good German of Vilna Michael Good, from The Search for Major Plagge Collective Action in Vivarais-Lignon Patrick Henry, from We Only Know Men The Hidden Jews of Warsaw Gunnar S. Paulsson, from Secret City Saving Jewish Children in Belgium Bob Moore, from Survivors American Inhibitions Richard Breitman and Alan M. Kraut, from American Refugee Policy and European Jewry, 1933–1945 Sweden Expands Asylum Paul A. Levine, from From Indifference to Activism Chapter 9. Aftermath Introduction Peter Hayes Survivors Mark Wyman, from DPs: Europe’s Displaced Persons, 1945–51 Zion’s Ambivalence Tom Segev, from The Seventh Million America’s Incomprehension Beth B. Cohen, from Case Closed The Great Reversal Tony Judt, from Postwar The Pathology of Denial Richard J. Evans, from Lying about Hitler Restitution and Its Discontents Michael R. Marrus, from Some Measure of Justice After Such Knowledge Eva Hoffman, from After Such Knowledge List of Abbreviations Source Acknowledgments Index
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