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How to Conduct Research for Service Improvement - A Guidebook PDF

152 Pages·2012·3.23 MB·English
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HOW TO CONDUCT RESEARCH FOR SERVICE IMPROVEMENT: A GUIDEBOOK FOR HSCPS HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE PROFESSIONS EDUCATION & DEVELOPMENT ADVISORY GROUP RESEARCH SUB-GROUP How to Conduct Research for Service Improvement: A Guidebook for Health & Social Care Professionals E D I T E D B Y M I C H A E LB Y R N E HOW TO CONDUCT RESEARCH FOR SERVICE IMPROVEMENT: A GUIDEBOOK FOR HSCPS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Thank you to Conal Twomey for his considerable work in both designing and formatting this guidebook. CONTACT THE EDITOR DR MICHAEL BYRNE Principal Psychologist Manager Psychology Department Primary Care Centre Golf Links Road Roscommon Co. Roscommon HOW TO CONDUCT RESEARCH FOR SERVICE IMPROVEMENT: A GUIDEBOOK FOR HSCPS TABLE OF CONTENTS i Contents ii List of tables iii List of figures iv Foreword v Executive summary 1 About the contributors 5 PAPER 1 How to apply for research funding 18 PAPER 2 How to match research designs to organisational issues in health & social care 34 PAPER 3 How to conduct a literature review 49 PAPER 4 How to design quantitative research in applied settings 59 PAPER 5 How to conduct qualitative research in health & social care settings 78 PAPER 6 How to practice ethically sound research 85 PAPER 7 How to analyse quantitative data 92 PAPER 8 How to analyse qualitative data 107 PAPER 9 How to conduct a service evaluation 119 PAPER 10 How to write for publication 129 APPENDIX A Embracing Lenus – the Irish health repository 135 APPENDIX B What is HSELanD? i HOW TO CONDUCT RESEARCH FOR SERVICE IMPROVEMENT: A GUIDEBOOK FOR HSCPS PAPER 9 how to conduct a service evaluation LIST OF TABLES 1. Dimensions of health care quality 111 2. Methodology examples for evaluation 114 No. Title Page 3. Steps to conducting a service evaluation 116 PAPER 1 How to apply for research funding PAPER 10 how to write for publication 1. An example of a budget within a research funding 11 proposal 1. The practical aspects of writing for publication 127 2. An example of a Gantt chart mapping the timeframe 12 APPENDIX B What is HSELanD? of a proposed study within a research funding proposal 1. Online learning hubs available at HSELanD 139 PAPER 3 How to conduct a literature review 2. Core competencies 143 1. Some psychology and mental health-related 36 3. Additional Information about HSELanD 142 publications 2. Some literature searching methods 38 3. Some databases that can be accessed through the 41 HSE library 4. Dimensions of research papers that need to be 42 considered PAPER 4 How to conduct quantitative research in applied settings 1. Common quantitative research designs 54 PAPER 7 How to analyse quantitative data 1. Definition of Type I and Type II error 86 2. Definitions of main types of data 87 ii HOW TO CONDUCT RESEARCH FOR SERVICE IMPROVEMENT: A GUIDEBOOK FOR HSCPS 1. Four key domains of ethical research 78 LIST OF FIGURES 2. Visual representation of important ethical issues. 83 No. Title Page PAPER 7 How to analyse quantitative data PAPER 1 How to apply for research funding 1. The influence of type of data on selection of analysis 88 1. How to apply for research funding 16 techniques. PAPER 2 How to match research designs to organisational issues in 2. Common methods for parametric analysis of group 89 health & social care differences 1. Ensuring rigour in matching research designs to 19 3. Common methods for non-parametric analysis of 90 research problems group differences 2. Different research models, what they aim to achieve, 21 PAPER 8 How to Analyse Qualitative Data and their most associated research objectives. 1. Methods of qualitative data collection 93 3. Identifying research questions at each stage of the 24 applied research process 2. Framework for categorising qualitative analysis 95 techniques 4. Deriving action from knowledge 32 3. Key stages of discourse analysis outlined 96 PAPER 3 How to conduct a literature review 4. Key stages of coding in grounded theory 98 1. Summary of steps to conducting a literature review 46 5. Key phases of thematic analysis 99 PAPER 4 How to conduct quantitative research in applied settings 6. Key steps for content analysis 101 1. The interaction of intuition, authority, logic and 49 empiricism in research 7. Key steps in qualitative analysis 102 2. Flowchart of the general research process 50 PAPER 10 How to write for publication 3. Stages of quantitative research design 52 1. Key Issues in authorship 121 PAPER 6 How to practice ethically sound research iii HOW TO CONDUCT RESEARCH FOR SERVICE IMPROVEMENT: A GUIDEBOOK FOR HSCPS FOREWORD I wish to thank all the contributors for their time and energy, and to acknowledge the pivotal role played by Principal It gives me great pleasure to introduce this guidebook Psychologist Manager, Dr. Michael Byrne, who worked with commissioned by the Health and Social Care Professions the contributors in developing their papers. (HSCPs) Education and Development Unit. As highlighted in the 2011 Survey of the Research Activity, Skills and Training Needs of HSCPs in Ireland , there is a growing need to evaluate whether our healt h services are operating efficiently, whether they are engaging in evidence - based practice and whether they are meeting performance Tony O’Brien goals such as achieving desired treatment outcomes. Our Deputy Chief Executive/Director General Designate front-line health and social care professionals (HSCPs) are Health Service Executive well-placed to actively lead such enquiry in our complex and sometimes hard-to-define ‘real world’ health services. Complete with practical guidance on how to manage the various elements of the research methodology continuum, this first edition will contribute to the skill development of our HSCPs. I hope it inspires purposeful research activity. The newly constituted HSCP Education and Development Advisory Group Research Sub-group and the newly launched HSCP hub on HSELanD will also be key to this. This guidebook is also a clear manifestation of what can be achieved when our HSCP clinicians and academics work together towards a common goal. Such mutually beneficial academic-clinician research interaction is a model that has the potential to produce high quality research output and associated service provision improvements. iv HOW TO CONDUCT RESEARCH FOR SERVICE IMPROVEMENT: A GUIDEBOOK FOR HSCPS strategic priority within the health service can be driven. This EXECUTIVE SUMMARY is especially relevant in a time of limited resources. Conducting research is a complex process that involves many This guidebook complements our inaugural HSCP annual steps and a range of competencies (see Figure 1). The research conference scheduled for February 2013, as purpose of this guidebook is to help HSCPs navigate these organised by our recently established Research Sub-group of steps effectively. To this end, it boasts contributions from the HSCP Education and Development Advisory Group. This esteemed researchers from various fields in health and social conference will include inter-disciplinary practise-based care who share their knowledge on a range of topics. workshops, and oral and poster presentations. Alongside this, an online HSCP hub (that includes a research section) has The reader is taken on a journey from the initial steps in been launched on the web portal HSELanD (profiled in research such as formulating research designs, applying for Appendix B). Also profiled in the guidebook (in Appendix A) is research funding and conducting a literature review, through the online health repository, ‘Lenus’ which is an important to the ethical approval process, the analysis of both resource for HSCPs. All of these initiatives aim to inspire quantitative and qualitative data, and finally to the output and HSCPs to increase their research activity so that together we publication phase. How research is applied to the ‘real world’ can drive evidenced-based practice and make real changes in is also addressed in articles that examine organisational issues the delivery of our health and social care services. surrounding research and the conducting of service evaluations within health settings. Although subsequent editions of the guidebook will address additional issues, the reader is provided with an overview of what it takes for health-orientated research to work, from start to finish. Building on recommendations from the 2011 Survey of the Research Activity, Skills and Training Needs of HSCPs in Ireland, the guidebook aims to develop and enhance the research competencies of HSCPs and to ultimately progress a research appreciative culture whereby research is prioritised and used to drive service innovation. In the long term, the aspiration is that national and regional research infrastructures will be established so that research activities of v HOW TO CONDUCT RESEARCH FOR SERVICE IMPROVEMENT: A GUIDEBOOK FOR HSCPS Formulate Organise Conduct Disseminate 1 Figure1. The steps involved in conducting research. We wish to thank Conal Twomey (Research Assistant, Roscommon Health Service Area, HSE West) for producing this figure. vi HOW TO CONDUCT RESEARCH FOR SERVICE IMPROVEMENT: A GUIDEBOOK FOR HSCPS Psychology and Health. Molly’s research interests are in designing and evaluating health behaviour interventions and ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS exploring psycho-social issues among people with chronic illness. She has been awarded several research grants (from DR. MICHAEL BYRNE (BE, 1989; BA, the Health Research Board and others) and has published 1996; MPsychSc in Clinical Psychology, over 30 peer-reviewed articles. HOW TO CONDUCT RESEARCH FOR SERVICE IMPROVEMENT: A GUIDEBOOK FOR HSCPS DR. SUZANNE GUERIN is a lecturer in AOIFE LAWTON MLIS, BA (European research design and analysis with the Studies) has over 15 years experience of School of Psychology at University College working in both ICT and library sectors. Dublin (UCD). She is also Director of the She is Systems Librarian at the Health UCD Centre for Disability Studies. Much of Service Executive based at the Regional Suzanne’s research is conducted in applied Library, Dr. Steevens Hospital. Working settings and she has been involved in and in a rapidly changing health information has advised on studies concerning mental health, chronic environment she manages Lenus the open access Irish health childhood illness and disability. She is particularly interested repository as a core function. Aoife is also responsible for in the combination of qualitative and quantitative research enabling access to electronic journals, databases & resources evident in mixed methods studies and sees this approach as a to all HSE employees working in Dublin, Wicklow and Kildare. key solution to the challenges of applied research and the Her interests include health information literacy, knowledge intricacies of working in real-world settings. networks, evidence-based practice and open access to health

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