how the DoD can transform CBRN and disaster response in the homeland

95 Pages·2015·0.88 MB·English

by  Jonkey, Matthew J.

NAVAL
POSTGRADUATE
SCHOOL

MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA

THESIS

SEEING EYE DRONES: HOW THE DOD CAN
TRANSFORM CBRN AND DISASTER RESPONSE IN
THE HOMELAND

by

Matthew J. Jonkey

December 2016

Thesis Co-Advisors: Robert Simeral
Thomas Mackin
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(Leave blank) December 2016 Master’s thesis
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SEEING EYE DRONES: HOW THE DOD CAN TRANSFORM CBRN AND
DISASTER RESPONSE IN THE HOMELAND
6. AUTHOR(S) Matthew J. Jonkey
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13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words)
The threat of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) disasters is one of the most
dangerous threats to the homeland. The United States has an opportunity to harness emerging technology
to increase responder safety and improve situational awareness for civil authorities during response to
natural or manmade CBRN disasters. This thesis explores the possibility of integrating small unmanned
aircraft systems (sUAS) with video capability and CBRN detection and identification sensors for use by
National Guard civil support teams.
Existing policy and doctrine are insufficient to accommodate the fielding of such a capability. This
thesis identifies and discusses these gaps. This thesis also conducts an analysis of similar Department of
Defense and other national UAS policy and programs and offers recommendations to implement a new
domestic sUAS policy. The recommendations provide the framework for implementing an innovative
technology while addressing complicated issues, such as national airspace system integration, intelligence
oversight, and training programs.
14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF
DOD drones, chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN), CBRN drones, drones in PAGES
natural disasters, National Guard, civil support team, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), small 95
unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS), privacy, intelligence oversight, defense support of civil
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Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

SEEING EYE DRONES: HOW THE DOD CAN TRANSFORM CBRN AND
DISASTER RESPONSE IN THE HOMELAND

Matthew J. Jonkey
nd
Commander, 92 Civil Support Team, Nevada National Guard
B.A., University of Nevada, 2002

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of

MASTER OF ARTS IN SECURITY STUDIES
(HOMELAND SECURITY AND DEFENSE)

from the

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
December 2016

Approved by: Robert Simeral
Thesis Co-Advisor

Thomas Mackin
Thesis Co-Advisor

Erik Dahl
Associate Chair of Instruction
Department of National Security Affairs
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ABSTRACT
The threat of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) disasters is
one of the most dangerous threats to the homeland. The United States has an opportunity
to harness emerging technology to increase responder safety and improve situational
awareness for civil authorities during response to natural or manmade CBRN disasters.
This thesis explores the possibility of integrating small, unmanned aircraft systems
(sUAS) with video capability and CBRN detection and identification sensors for use by
National Guard civil support teams.
Existing policy and doctrine are insufficient to accommodate the fielding of such
a capability. This thesis identifies and discusses these gaps. This thesis also conducts an
analysis of similar Department of Defense and other national UAS policy and programs
and offers recommendations to implement a new domestic sUAS policy. The
recommendations provide the framework for implementing an innovative technology
while addressing complicated issues, such as national airspace system integration,
intelligence oversight, and training programs.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................1
A. PROBLEM STATEMENT .......................................................................2
B. RESEARCH QUESTION .........................................................................3
C. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH ..........................................................3
D. METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................4
E. LITERATURE REVIEW .........................................................................6
II. THE CIVIL SUPPORT TEAM ..........................................................................15
A. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................15
B. BACKGROUND ......................................................................................16
C. MISSION ..................................................................................................17
D. WHY THE CST? .....................................................................................18
E. THE CIVIL SUPPORT TEAM OF THE FUTURE ............................20
F. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................21
III. THE THREAT AND HOW SUAS TECHNOLOGY CAN MITIGATE
IT ...........................................................................................................................23
A. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................23
B. BACKGROUND ......................................................................................24
C. SITUATIONAL AWARENESS AS A THREAT .................................26
D. CURRENT CBRN CHALLENGES TO RESPONDERS ....................28
E. SUAS BENEFITS, EMERGING CAPABILITIES, AND
JUSTIFICATION FOR CST ..................................................................32
F. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................36
IV. POLICY AND STRATEGY ANALYSIS ..........................................................39
A. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................39
B. ANALYSIS OF CURRENT DOD UAS POLICY.................................41
C. INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT ...........................................................43
D. NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM INTEGRATION .........................46
E. ARMY MISSION APPROVAL POLICY .............................................50
F. RISK ASSESSMENT ..............................................................................51
G. ACQUISITION AND USE ......................................................................51
V. GAP ANALYSIS OF CURRENT DOD UAS POLICY ...................................53
A. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................53
B. RESPONSE PROTOCOL.......................................................................54
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C. LACK OF DOMESTIC SUAS POLICY ...............................................55
D. NATIONAL AIRSPACE INTEGRATION ...........................................57
E. STATE AND LOCAL LEGISLATION.................................................58
VI. SUMMARY OF BENEFITS, CONCLUSION, AND
RECOMMENDATIONS .....................................................................................59
A. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................59
B. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................60
C. RECOMMENDATIONS .........................................................................63
LIST OF REFERENCES ................................................................................................73
INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST ...................................................................................77
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