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How Business Works PDF

354 Pages·2015·40.48 MB·English
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A GRAPHIC GUIDE TO BUSINESS SUCCESS $ $ $ $ $ A GRAPHIC GUIDE TO BUSINESS SUCCESS $ Contents Senior editor Georgina Palffy Project art editor Saffron Stocker Introduction 8 Editors Anna Fischel, Alison Sturgeon, Suhel Ahmed, Hannah Bowen, Joanna Edwards, Alex Beeden Designers Natalie Clay, Stephen Bere, HOW COMPANIES WORK 10 Phil Gamble, Vanessa Hamilton, Jemma Westing US senior editor Margaret Parrish US editor Christine Heilman Managing editors Stephanie Farrow, Gareth Jones Business ownership 12 Senior managing Lee Griffiths Sole proprietorships and partnerships 14 art editor Publisher Liz Wheeler Corporations 16 Deputy art director Karen Self Private and public companies 18 Publishing director Jonathan Metcalf Multinationals 20 Art director Phil Ormerod Franchises 22 Senior jacket designer Mark Cavanagh Not-for-profit 24 Jacket assistant Claire Gell Jacket design manager Sophia MTT Start-ups 26 Pre-production producers Ben Marcus, Nikoleta Parasaki Start-ups from concept to launch 28 Producer Christine Ni Types of start-up 30 First American edition 2015 Business plans 32 Published in the United States by Raising money 34 DK Publishing, 345 Hudson Street New York, New York 10014 Business accelerators and incubators 38 A Penguin Random House Company 15 16 17 18 19 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Buying and selling business 40 001—196402—Mar/2015 Mergers and acquisitions 42 Copyright © 2015 Divestitures 44 Dorling Kindersley Limited All rights reserved. Vertical vs. horizontal integration 46 Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, Management buy-ins and buy-outs 48 no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without Who’s who 50 the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above Board of directors 52 publisher of this book. Company hierarchy 56 Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited Stakeholders 60 A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Business cultures 64 ISBN: 978-1-4654-2979-7 DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 or [email protected]. Printed in China A WORLD OF IDEAS: SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW www.dk.com HOW FINANCE WORKS 98 Financial reporting 100 The accounting cycle 102 Financial statements 104 Financial accounting 110 International accounting standards 112 Corporate structure 66 Profit-and-loss statement 114 Functional structure 68 Balance sheet 116 Divisional structure 70 Cash-flow statement 120 Matrix structure 72 Environmental accounting 122 Network structure 74 Depreciation 124 Team-based structure 76 Amortization and depletion 128 Human resources 78 Management accounting 130 The human resources cycle 80 Cash flow 132 Recruitment and selection 82 Budgets 136 Evaluating staff 84 Assets and inventory 138 Motivation and rewards 86 Costs 140 Leadership strategy and styles 88 Product costing and pricing 142 Leadership for team building 90 Employee relations and Measuring performance 144 communications 92 Key performance indicators (KPIs) 146 Project management 94 Financial ratios 148 Negotiating strategy 96 Forecasting 150 Tracking fraud 152 Raising financing 154 Internal financing 156 External financing 158 Going public 160 Shares and dividends 164 The capital market 170 Gearing ratio and financial risk 174 HOW SALES AND MARKETING WORKS 176 Marketing mix 178 Inbound marketing 220 Product 180 Outbound vs. inbound marketing 222 Product positioning 182 Blogging 224 Product life cycle 184 Social media marketing 228 Price 186 Search engine optimization (SEO) 230 Place 188 Promotion 190 Business development 232 Market research 192 Branding and rebranding 234 Market segmentation 194 Lead generation 236 Lead conversion 238 Marketing approaches 196 Customer retention 240 Niche vs. mass marketing 198 Return on marketing Traditional marketing 200 investment (ROMI) 242 Digital marketing 202 Intellectual capital 244 Engagement marketing 204 Sensory marketing 206 Information management 246 Relationship marketing 208 Business intelligence 248 Business analytics 250 Outbound marketing 210 Marketing and IT 252 Traditional offline advertising 212 Collecting consumer data 254 Online advertising 214 Data warehousing 256 Direct mail 216 Customer profiling 258 Telemarketing 218 Big data 262 Customer relationship management (CRM) 264 Compliance 266 HOW OPERATIONS Resources 336 AND PRODUCTION WORK 268 Index 344 Acknowledgments 351 Manufacturing and production 270 Job production 272 Batch production 274 Flow production 276 Mass customization 278 Continuous production 280 Hybrid processes 282 Management 284 Contributors Economies and diseconomies of scale 286 Lean production 288 Just-in-time 290 Dr. Julian Sims (consultant editor) entered academia Total quality management 292 after a successful career in industry in the US and UK. He is a lecturer in the Department of Management at Birkbeck, Time-based management 294 University of London, UK; a Chartered Accountant (CPA Aus); Agile production 296 and a Chartered Information Technology Practitioner (CITP). Kaizen 298 His work is widely published in academic journals. Philippa Anderson is a business writer and communications Product 300 consultant, who has advised multinationals including 3M, New product development 302 Anglo American, and Coca-Cola. She collaborated with Innovation and invention 304 Lord Browne, former CEO of BP, on his memoir, Beyond Design 306 Business, and was a contributor to DK´s The Business Book. Quality management 308 Alexandra Black studied business communications before Product-process matrix 310 writing for financial newspaper group Nikkei Inc. in Japan. While in Tokyo, she was an editor at the Risk Analysis division Control 312 of investment bank JP Morgan. Now based in Cambridge, UK, she covers subjects as varied as business, technology, Managing capacity 314 and fashion. She was a contributor to DK’s The Business Book. Inventory 316 Quality control 318 Joe Stanley-Smith is a reporter at the International Tax Six Sigma 320 Review in London, UK, where he specializes in indirect tax and tax disputes. He graduated in journalism with a business specialty from Kingston University, UK, and has previously Supply chain 322 worked in social media and local news. Value chain 324 Outsourcing 326 Paul McDougall (US/Canada writer) is Deputy Technology Editor for the International Business Times. He has written Offshoring 328 for Scientific American, InformationWeek, SHAPE magazine, Reverse supply chain 330 and others. A native of Toronto, Canada, he currently resides Benchmarking 332 in New York City. Corporate social responsibility 334 $ $ $ $ $

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Understand the sometimes-confusing business world with How Business Works, a user-friendly guide to understanding business jargon and corporate structure. Whether you're looking to get ahead at work, want to start your own business, or just want to understand the business world better, How Business
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