Hotspot Networks: WiFi for Public Access Locations

450 Pages·2002·2.18 MB·English

by  Daniel Minoli

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McGRAW-HILL TELECOMMUNICATIONS
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Benner Fibre Channel for SANs
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Lee Lee’s Essentials of Wireless
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Nichols Wireless Security
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Rohde/Whitaker Communications Receivers,3/e
Sayre Complete Wireless Design
OSA Fiber Optics Handbook
Lee Mobile Cellular Telecommunications,2/e
Bates Optimizing Voice in ATM/IP Mobile Networks
Roddy Satellite Communications,3/e
Simon Spread Spectrum Communications Handbook
Snyder Wireless Telecommunications Networking with
ANSI-41,2/e
BICSI
Network Design Basics for Cabling Professionals
Networking Technologies for Cabling Professionals
Residential Network Cabling
Telecommunications Cabling Installation
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Hotspot
Networks
Wi-Fi for
Public Access
Locations
Daniel Minoli
McGraw-Hill
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CONTENTS
Preface xi
Chapter 1 Introduction to Wireless Personal Area Networks
(WPANs), Public Access Locations (PALs), and
Hotspot Services 1
The Potential Opportunity 5
Approaches to WLANs, WWANs, WPANs, and PALs 12
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) 16
Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) 22
Home Radio Frequency (HomeRF) 23
Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs) 25
Fixed WWANs 42
Economics and Realities of Hotspot Services-A Provider’s
Perspective 42
Examples of Usage 44
Basic Economics 44
End Notes 47
Chapter 2 Standards for Hotspots 51
Standards 52
IEEE 802 and Related Activities 52
Mobile IP 75
Quality of Service (QoS) 85
QoS Basics 86
QoS Approaches 88
Conclusion 96
End Notes 98
Chapter 3 Technologies for Hotspots 103
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) 104
Wireless PHYs 110
Multiple Access 113
WPANs: A Capsule View of Bluetooth 119
Overview 120
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vi Contents
Bluetooth Technical Summary 124
Compliance 125
Constituent Products 126
The Technology 127
Voice 127
Data 128
Network Topology 128
Security 128
Hardware Architecture 129
Software Architecture 130
Competing Technologies 130
Licensing Technologies 130
WWAN Approaches 131
Current Baseline 131
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 131
cdmaOne 132
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) 138
Third Generation (3G) 143
Antenna Basics for Hotspot Services 147
Dipoles 148
High-Gain Omnidirectional Antennas 148
Directional Antennas 149
Conclusion 149
End Notes 150
Chapter 4 Security Considerations for Hotspot Services 153
Problems in Security Protocols 154
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) Issues 154
Summary of the Issue and Planned Fixes 160
802.1X: Port-based Network Access Control 165
PPP Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) 172
Advantages 173
Disadvantages 174
Configuration Option Format 174
Packet Format 174
Request and Response 175
Success and Failure 177
Initial EAP Request/Response Types 177
Security Considerations for PPP 180
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Contents vii
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) 181
Introduction 181
Terminology 182
Basic Model 184
AAA Protocol Roaming Requirements 187
Requirements for Basic IP Connectivity 189
AAA for Mobile IP 189
Broker Model 197
Security Considerations for AAA 200
IPv6 Considerations 200
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) 200
Operation 202
Packet Format 207
Practical Security Aspects 209
End Notes 211
Chapter 5 IEEE 802.11 215
How WLAN Systems Are Different 217
Destination Address Does Not Equal Destination Location 217
The Media Impact of the Design 218
The Impact of Handling Mobile Stations 218
Interaction with Other IEEE 802 Layers 218
Components of the IEEE 802.11 Architecture 219
The Independent BSS (IBSS) as an Ad Hoc Network 219
Distribution System (DS) Concepts 220
Area Concepts 221
Integration with Wired LANs 222
Logical Service Interfaces 223
Station Service (SS) 224
Distribution System Service (DSS) 224
Multiple Logical Address Spaces 225
Overview of the Services 226
Distribution of Messages within a DS 226
Services That Support the Distribution Service 228
Access and Confidentiality Control Services 229
Relationships Between Services 232
Differences Between ESS and IBSS LANs 234
Message Information Contents That Support Services 235
Data 235
Association 235
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viii Contents
Reassociation 236
Disassociation 237
Privacy 238
Authentication 238
Deauthentication 239
Reference Model 240
MAC Service Definition 240
Asynchronous Data Service 240
Security Services 241
MSDU Ordering 241
Frame Formats 242
MAC Frame Formats 242
Format of Individual Frame Types 247
Management Frame Body Components 255
MAC Sublayer Functional Description 262
MAC Architecture 262
DSSS PHY Specification for the 2.4 GHz Band Designated
for Industrial, Science, and Medical (ISM) Applications 264
Overview 264
End Notes 266
Chapter 6 IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11a 267
IEEE 802.11b 268
Overview of the High Rate, Direct Sequence Spread
Spectrum PHY Specification 268
High Rate PLCP Sublayer 270
High Rate PMD Sublayer 274
IEEE 802.11a: OFDM PHY Specification for the 5 GHz Band 280
Concepts and Overview 280
OFDM PHY Specific Service Parameter List 282
OFDM PLCP Sublayer 283
OFDM PMD Sublayer 293
Chapter 7 Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) 297
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) Fundamentals 298
Scope 300
Definitions and Abbreviations 301
Definitions 301
Abbreviations 302
WAP Background 303