Hormones in ageing and longevity PDF
Preview Hormones in ageing and longevity
Healthy Ageing and Longevity 6 Series Editor: Suresh I.S. Rattan Suresh Rattan Ramesh Sharma Editors Hormones in Ageing and Longevity Healthy Ageing and Longevity Volume 6 Series editor Suresh I.S. Rattan, Aarhus, Denmark More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13277 Suresh Rattan Ramesh Sharma (cid:129) Editors Hormones in Ageing and Longevity 123 Editors SureshRattan RameshSharma Department ofMolecular Biology Department ofBiochemistry andGenetics NorthEastern Hill University Aarhus University Shillong,Megalaya Aarhus India Denmark ISSN 2199-9007 ISSN 2199-9015 (electronic) Healthy AgeingandLongevity ISBN978-3-319-63000-7 ISBN978-3-319-63001-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-63001-4 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017946642 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Hormonesarenaturalchemicalsignalssynthesizedfrom specializedgroup ofcells toinfluencebodilyfunctions.Theyaretheexcellentsystemofcommunicationfrom one tissue/cell to others within an organism, and are involved in the dynamic controlofbiochemicalandphysiologicalfunctions.Hormonalimbalancecreatesan upsetintheregulatorymechanismstherebydisturbingthehomeodynamicbalance. Besidesthelevelofhormones,theircognatereceptorsandpost-receptoreventsalso have a large influence on the final response to a particular hormone. There also exists a cross-talk in such signaling with an added advantage to the organisms. Hormones also coordinate a wide range of processes in biological systems including neuroendocrine and immunological controls. However, the competence of body’s homeodynamic adjustments tends to decline as one ages. A scholarly collectionofupdatesonvarioushormonalsignalinginageing,healthandlongevity is of great importance to the readers working in the area of hormone signaling in general and in the field of ageing research in particular. This multi-chapter review book presents the present state of knowledge on the role of hormones in health, ageing and longevity. The book is divided into four major parts: Part I embodies history and conflux on more than 100 years of hor- mone science and its challenges; Part II presents varied chapters on hormones involved in growth, stress and metabolism; Part III encompasses chapters on neuroendocrine axis and rhythms during ageing process; and Part IV has chapters on hormones affecting the brain, immunity and lifespan, including a chapter on plant-based cytokinin hormones for the modulation of ageing and longevity. Engrained with the up-to-date information about role of hormones in health, ageing and longevity, this collection is a valuable addition to the book series “HealthyAgeingandLongevity”,andprovidesareliablesourceofinformationand knowledge useful for understanding and developing potential hormone-based interventions for modulating ageing and longevity. Aarhus, Denmark Suresh Rattan, Ph.D., Dr. Scient. Shillong, India Ramesh Sharma, Ph.D., FNASc v Contents Part I History and Conflux 1 How Hormones, as Ancient Signalling Molecules, Regulate Diverse Biological Processes Through Evolution.... .... 3 Jamshed R. Tata 2 Somatotropic Axis’ Role in Ageing and Longevity Could Depend on Life-History Strategies of Species . .... .... ..... .... 21 Éric Le Bourg Part II Growth, Stress and Metabolism 3 Glucocorticoid Hormones in Aging . .... .... .... .... ..... .... 37 Banteiskhem Kharwanlang and Ramesh Sharma 4 Zinc, Insulin and IGF-I Interplay in Aging... .... .... ..... .... 57 Marco Malavolta, Francesco Piacenza, Laura Costarelli, Maurizio Cardelli, Lory Santarelli, Eugenio Mocchegiani, Andrea Basso, Elisa Pierpaoli, Mauro Provinciali and Robertina Giacconi 5 Growth Hormone and IGF-1 Axis in Aging and Longevity... .... 91 Isao Shimokawa 6 Thyroid Function in Healthy Ageing and Longevity ... ..... .... 107 Naveen Aggarwal and Salman Razvi 7 TGF-b in Development and Ageing . .... .... .... .... ..... .... 127 Harris Pratsinis, Eleni Mavrogonatou and Dimitris Kletsas Part III Neuroendocrine and Rhythms 8 Hormones of Hypothalamus in Aging ... .... .... .... ..... .... 151 Gurcharan Kaur and Jyoti Parkash vii viii Contents 9 Environmental and Physiological Cues on the Hypothalamus During Aging.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 167 Jan O. Nehlin 10 Melatonin in Healthy Aging and Longevity... .... .... ..... .... 209 Rüdiger Hardeland 11 Hormones in Clock Regulation During Ageing.... .... ..... .... 243 Anita Jagota and Neelesh Babu Thummadi Part IV Brain, Immunity and Cytokinins 12 Estrogens in Ageing .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 269 Mahendra K. Thakur and V. Paramanik 13 Cytokines and Aging.... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 291 Pramod C. Rath 14 Plant Hormone Cytokinins for Modulating Human Aging and Age-Related Diseases..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 311 Jiří Voller, Barbara Maková, Alena Kadlecová, Gabriel Gonzalez and Miroslav Strnad Index .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 337 Part I History and Conflux Chapter 1 How Hormones, as Ancient Signalling Molecules, Regulate Diverse Biological Processes Through Evolution Jamshed R. Tata Abstract Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate and coordinate all major metabolic, growth and developmental activities of different populations of cells ofan organism. Since most hormonesof higher organisms can bedetectedin primitive organisms, it follows that hormones arose during evolution well before manyofthefunctionstheyregulateinhigherorganisms.Twoexamplestoillustrate this principle are the protein hormone prolactin and the iodothyronine thyroid hormone. The first regulates such diverse activities as lactation in mammals, crop sac development in birds and migration in fish; the second hormone controls metabolic rate in homeotherms and different functions in different tissues of the same developing individual as during amphibian metamorphosis, such as restruc- turing of the digestive system, gene switching for new blood proteins, new cell developmentduringlimbformationandprogrammedcelldeathinunwantedtissues in the tail and intestine. The acquisition of hormonal function during evolution is likely to have coincided with the appearance of hormonal receptors, which are the key to understanding the mechanism or specificity of action of a given hormone. The hormone-receptor complex for protein hormones can be considered to have co-evolved as a unit. Most animal hormone receptors can be divided into two classesaccordingtotheirlocalizationinthehormone’stargetcell:(a)thoselocated in the cell membrane and (b) in those in the nucleus. Work based on the exploitation of recombinant DNA and cell transfection has established a high degreeofhomologybetweenoncogenesandbothmembraneandnuclearreceptors. Anearlyconsequenceoftheformationofhormone-membranereceptorcomplexis at themodulation of processes such as phosphorylation ofproteins, as exemplified by the control of levels of cyclic AMP. Nuclear receptors control the chromatin structure oftheirtargetgenesthroughinteractionwithorstructuralmodificationof chromatin. The key role of receptors in explaining hormone action has to be considered in the context of evolution of a system of molecular linguistics in intercellular communication. J.R.Tata(&) TheFrancisCrickInstitute,1MidlandRoad,LondonNW72HA,UK e-mail:[email protected] ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 3 S.RattanandR.Sharma(eds.),HormonesinAgeingandLongevity, HealthyAgeingandLongevity6,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-63001-4_1
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