Hormones in ageing and longevity

335 Pages·2017·0.48 MB·English

by  Rattan

Healthy Ageing and Longevity 6
Series Editor: Suresh I.S. Rattan
Suresh Rattan
Ramesh Sharma Editors
Hormones in
Ageing and
Longevity
Healthy Ageing and Longevity
Volume 6
Series editor
Suresh I.S. Rattan, Aarhus, Denmark
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13277
Suresh Rattan Ramesh Sharma
(cid:129)
Editors
Hormones in Ageing
and Longevity
123
Editors
SureshRattan RameshSharma
Department ofMolecular Biology Department ofBiochemistry
andGenetics NorthEastern Hill University
Aarhus University Shillong,Megalaya
Aarhus India
Denmark
ISSN 2199-9007 ISSN 2199-9015 (electronic)
Healthy AgeingandLongevity
ISBN978-3-319-63000-7 ISBN978-3-319-63001-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-63001-4
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017946642
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017
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Preface
Hormonesarenaturalchemicalsignalssynthesizedfrom specializedgroup ofcells
toinfluencebodilyfunctions.Theyaretheexcellentsystemofcommunicationfrom
one tissue/cell to others within an organism, and are involved in the dynamic
controlofbiochemicalandphysiologicalfunctions.Hormonalimbalancecreatesan
upsetintheregulatorymechanismstherebydisturbingthehomeodynamicbalance.
Besidesthelevelofhormones,theircognatereceptorsandpost-receptoreventsalso
have a large influence on the final response to a particular hormone. There also
exists a cross-talk in such signaling with an added advantage to the organisms.
Hormones also coordinate a wide range of processes in biological systems
including neuroendocrine and immunological controls. However, the competence
of body’s homeodynamic adjustments tends to decline as one ages. A scholarly
collectionofupdatesonvarioushormonalsignalinginageing,healthandlongevity
is of great importance to the readers working in the area of hormone signaling in
general and in the field of ageing research in particular.
This multi-chapter review book presents the present state of knowledge on the
role of hormones in health, ageing and longevity. The book is divided into four
major parts: Part I embodies history and conflux on more than 100 years of hor-
mone science and its challenges; Part II presents varied chapters on hormones
involved in growth, stress and metabolism; Part III encompasses chapters on
neuroendocrine axis and rhythms during ageing process; and Part IV has chapters
on hormones affecting the brain, immunity and lifespan, including a chapter on
plant-based cytokinin hormones for the modulation of ageing and longevity.
Engrained with the up-to-date information about role of hormones in health,
ageing and longevity, this collection is a valuable addition to the book series
“HealthyAgeingandLongevity”,andprovidesareliablesourceofinformationand
knowledge useful for understanding and developing potential hormone-based
interventions for modulating ageing and longevity.
Aarhus, Denmark Suresh Rattan, Ph.D., Dr. Scient.
Shillong, India Ramesh Sharma, Ph.D., FNASc
v
Contents
Part I History and Conflux
1 How Hormones, as Ancient Signalling Molecules,
Regulate Diverse Biological Processes Through Evolution.... .... 3
Jamshed R. Tata
2 Somatotropic Axis’ Role in Ageing and Longevity Could
Depend on Life-History Strategies of Species . .... .... ..... .... 21
Éric Le Bourg
Part II Growth, Stress and Metabolism
3 Glucocorticoid Hormones in Aging . .... .... .... .... ..... .... 37
Banteiskhem Kharwanlang and Ramesh Sharma
4 Zinc, Insulin and IGF-I Interplay in Aging... .... .... ..... .... 57
Marco Malavolta, Francesco Piacenza, Laura Costarelli,
Maurizio Cardelli, Lory Santarelli, Eugenio Mocchegiani,
Andrea Basso, Elisa Pierpaoli, Mauro Provinciali
and Robertina Giacconi
5 Growth Hormone and IGF-1 Axis in Aging and Longevity... .... 91
Isao Shimokawa
6 Thyroid Function in Healthy Ageing and Longevity ... ..... .... 107
Naveen Aggarwal and Salman Razvi
7 TGF-b in Development and Ageing . .... .... .... .... ..... .... 127
Harris Pratsinis, Eleni Mavrogonatou and Dimitris Kletsas
Part III Neuroendocrine and Rhythms
8 Hormones of Hypothalamus in Aging ... .... .... .... ..... .... 151
Gurcharan Kaur and Jyoti Parkash
vii
viii Contents
9 Environmental and Physiological Cues on the Hypothalamus
During Aging.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 167
Jan O. Nehlin
10 Melatonin in Healthy Aging and Longevity... .... .... ..... .... 209
Rüdiger Hardeland
11 Hormones in Clock Regulation During Ageing.... .... ..... .... 243
Anita Jagota and Neelesh Babu Thummadi
Part IV Brain, Immunity and Cytokinins
12 Estrogens in Ageing .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 269
Mahendra K. Thakur and V. Paramanik
13 Cytokines and Aging.... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 291
Pramod C. Rath
14 Plant Hormone Cytokinins for Modulating Human Aging
and Age-Related Diseases..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 311
Jiří Voller, Barbara Maková, Alena Kadlecová, Gabriel Gonzalez
and Miroslav Strnad
Index .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 337
Part I
History and Conflux
Chapter 1
How Hormones, as Ancient Signalling
Molecules, Regulate Diverse Biological
Processes Through Evolution
Jamshed R. Tata
Abstract Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate and coordinate all
major metabolic, growth and developmental activities of different populations of
cells ofan organism. Since most hormonesof higher organisms can bedetectedin
primitive organisms, it follows that hormones arose during evolution well before
manyofthefunctionstheyregulateinhigherorganisms.Twoexamplestoillustrate
this principle are the protein hormone prolactin and the iodothyronine thyroid
hormone. The first regulates such diverse activities as lactation in mammals, crop
sac development in birds and migration in fish; the second hormone controls
metabolic rate in homeotherms and different functions in different tissues of the
same developing individual as during amphibian metamorphosis, such as restruc-
turing of the digestive system, gene switching for new blood proteins, new cell
developmentduringlimbformationandprogrammedcelldeathinunwantedtissues
in the tail and intestine. The acquisition of hormonal function during evolution is
likely to have coincided with the appearance of hormonal receptors, which are the
key to understanding the mechanism or specificity of action of a given hormone.
The hormone-receptor complex for protein hormones can be considered to have
co-evolved as a unit. Most animal hormone receptors can be divided into two
classesaccordingtotheirlocalizationinthehormone’stargetcell:(a)thoselocated
in the cell membrane and (b) in those in the nucleus. Work based on the
exploitation of recombinant DNA and cell transfection has established a high
degreeofhomologybetweenoncogenesandbothmembraneandnuclearreceptors.
Anearlyconsequenceoftheformationofhormone-membranereceptorcomplexis
at themodulation of processes such as phosphorylation ofproteins, as exemplified
by the control of levels of cyclic AMP. Nuclear receptors control the chromatin
structure oftheirtargetgenesthroughinteractionwithorstructuralmodificationof
chromatin. The key role of receptors in explaining hormone action has to be
considered in the context of evolution of a system of molecular linguistics in
intercellular communication.
J.R.Tata(&)
TheFrancisCrickInstitute,1MidlandRoad,LondonNW72HA,UK
e-mail:[email protected]
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 3
S.RattanandR.Sharma(eds.),HormonesinAgeingandLongevity,
HealthyAgeingandLongevity6,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-63001-4_1