Hormonal Control of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis

618 Pages·1984·18.786 MB·English

by  S. M. McCann, G. D. Snyder, S. R. Ojeda, M. D. Lumpkin, A. Ottlecz, W. K. Samson (auth.), Kenneth W. McKerns, Zvi Naor (eds.)

Hormonal Control of the
Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal
Axis
BIOCHEMICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
Series Editor: Kenneth W. McKerns
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE GONADOTROPINS
Edited by Kenneth W. McKerns
SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE OF ADENOHYPOPHYSEAL
HORMONES
Edited by Marian Jutisz and Kenneth W. McKerns
REPRODUCTIVE PROCESSES AND CONTRACEPTION
Edited by Kenneth W. McKerns
HORMONALLY ACTIVE BRAIN PEPTIDES: Structure and Function
Edited by Kenneth W. McKerns and Vladimir Pantie
REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY HORMONES
Edited by Kenneth W. McKerns
REGULATION OF TARGET CELL RESPONSIVENESS, Volumes 1 and 2
Edited by Kenneth W. McKerns, Asbjflrn Aakvaag, and Vi dar Hansson
HORMONAL CONTROL OF THE HYPOTHALAMO-PITUITARY
GONADAL AXIS
edited by Kenneth W. McKerns and Zvi Naor
Hormonal Control
of the
Hypothalamo-
Pituitary-Gonadal
Axis
Edited by
Kenneth W McKerns
International Foundation jor Biochemical Endocrinology
Blue Hill Falls, Maine
and
Zvi Naor
Weizmann Institute oj Science
Rehovot, Israel
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Hormonal control of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis.
(Biochemical endocrinology)
"Proceedings of the eleventh annual meeting of the International Foundation for
Biochemical Endocrinology, held October 2-7, 1983, at the Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot, Israel"-T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
I. Hyptothalamo-hypophyseal system - Congresses. 2. Hypothalamic hormones
Congresses. 3. Gonadotropin-Congresses. I. McKerns, Kenneth W. II. Naor, Zvi. III.
International Foundation for Biochemical Endocrinology. IV. Series. [DNLM: 1.
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System-physiology-congresses. 2. Pituitary Hormone
Releasing Hormones-physiology-congresses. IN6% 11th 1983h / WK 515 1588
I 983h)
QP188.H9H67 1984 599'.01'42 84-13415
ISBN 978-1-4684-9962-9 ISBN 978-1-4684-9960-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-9960-5
Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual meeting of the International Foundation
for Biochemical Endocrinology, held October 2-7, 1983,
at the Weizmann Institute of Science. Rehovot, Israel
© 1984 Springer Science+Husiness Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York and London in 1984
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1984
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
The eleventh monograph and meeting of the Foundation on "Hormon
al Control of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis" was held in
October 1983 at the Weizmann Institute of Science. This monograph
honors the memory of Professor Hans R. Lindner, a productive and
innovative scientist greatly respected and admired by his col
leagues.
When addressing the opening session I remarked that my impres
sion of the Weizmann Institute was one or two large buildings hous
ing the various departments. This was my first visit to Israel and
I was overwhelmed by the beautiful semi-tropical gardens of the in
stitute, in a setting of shrubs and trees, orange groves and flow
ers. Sited among this seventy-five acres are over fifty buildings
and residential areas for the staff and visiting scientists. I saw
pictures of this area when Dr. Chaim Weizmann founded in 1934, the
Daniel Sieff Research Institute, the forerunner of the Weizmann In
stitute. The site was sand dunes without a blade of grass. That
the desert shall bloom is illustrative of the progress made in Is
rael.
The topics of the monograph are grouped into twelve sections.
They are: "Neuroendocrine Control of Gonadotropin Secretion," "Mo
lecular Aspects of GnRH Biosynthesis, Release and Degradation,"
"GnRH Receptors and Action in the Pituitary," "Secretory Processes
in the Pituitary," "Gonadotropin Antagonists," "Endocrine Regula
tion 0 f Ovarian Functions," "Prolactin," "Hormones and Gene Expres
sion," "Regulation of Testicular Function," "Extrapituitary Effects
of GnRH," "Interaction of Opiates and Gonadotropins," "GnRH Ana
logs: Clinical Uses in the Management of Fertility and Cancer."
The chairpersons for the sessions were B. Kerdelhue, A. Beloff
Chain, S.M. McCann, D. Kanazir, M. Fridkin, M. Aubert, Z. Naor, J.
de Konig, M. Dufau, Y. Orly, G. Ross, B. Eckstein, B. Lunenfeld, R.
Shalgi, A. Tixier-Vidal, M. Ben-David, A.M. Kaye, I. Gozes, K.
Catt, E. Bedrak, B. Cooke, Z. Laron, R. Sharpe, D. Ayalon, P.F.
Kraicer, J. Sandow, H. Zakut, S. Segal and G. Leyendecker.
This monograph represents an interdisciplinary approach to the
v
vi PREFACE
problem of regulation of gonadotropin secretion and action. Mor
phological, physiological, clinical and biochemical aspects are re
viewed, with emphasis on recent findings.
This volume reviews the state of the art in the field of hypo
thalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis and is relevant to endocrinologists,
reproductive biologists, obstetricians and gynecologists.
The twelfth meeting and monograph of the Foundation will be held
in September at Caxtat, near Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia. Professor Vla
dimir Pantie will be organizer of the local arrangements. The top
ic will be "Neuroendo crine Correlates of Stress."
Kenneth W. McKerns
Zvi Naor
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Editors express their thanks to the Organizing Committee of
the Meeting, consisting of: Nava Dekel, Fortune Kohen, Yitzhak Koch,
Zvi Naor (Chairman) and Uriel Zor.
The Meeting was supported by grants from: The Israel Academy
of Sciences and Humanities; the Israel National Council for Research
and Development; The Israel Ministry of Health; The Maurice and
Gabriela Goldschleger Conference Foundation at the Weizmann Insti
tute of Science; The University of Tel-Aviv; The Ben-Gurion Uni
versity of the Negev; The Israel Society of Endocrinology; Biotech
nology General (Israel) Ltd., Rehovot; Eldan Electronic Instrument
Co. Ltd., Jerusalem; Inter-Yeda Ltd., Nes-Ziona; Miles-Yeda Ltd.,
Rehovot; Fering Sweden; Organon International B.V., The Netherlands;
and Schering Aktiengesellschaft, West Germany.
vii
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CONTENTS
Dedication. • • • • • • • • • • • 1
NEUROENDOCRINE CONTROL OF GONADOTROPIN SECRETION
Role of Peptides in the Control of Gonadotropin
Secretion • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 3
S.M. McCann, G.D. Snyder, S.R. Ojeda,
M.D. Lumpkin, A. Ottlecz, and W.K. Samson
Molecular Aspects of the Release of Luteinizing
Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH) from
Hypothalamic Neurons. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 27
A. Barnea
Role of Pep tides in the Regulation of Gonadotropin
and Prolactin Secretion • • • • ••••• 39
M. Motta, P. Falaschi, S. Zoppi, and L. Martini
Estrous Cycle Dependent Modulation of Muscarinic
Cholinergic Receptors in the Hypothalamus and
Adenohypophysis • • • • • • • • • • • • • 55
M. Sokolovsky, E. Moscona-Amir and Y. Egozi
HOLECULAR ASPECTS OF GnRH BIOSYNTHESIS, RELEASE, AND DEGREADATION
Hormones and Other Messenger Molecules: An Approach
to Unity. . . • • • • • • .. • • • • • • • . • •• 71
J. Roth, D. LeRoith, J. Shiloach and C. Rabinowitz
Regulation of the Synthesis, Release and Action of
Hypothalamic Luteinizing Hormone Releasing
Hormone • • • • • • • • 89
G. Fink, A. Curtis, and V. Lyons
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Degradation of LH-RH. • • • • 101
K. Bauer and B. Horsthemke
ix
x
CONTENTS
Degradation of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone
by Rat Pituitary Plasma Membrane Associated
Enzymes. • . •. . ........... . 115
Y. Koch, S. Elkabes and M. Fridkin
GnRH RECEPTORS AND ACTION IN THE PITUITARY
GnRH Receptors: Identification, Localization, and
Implications for Biological Function . . . . 127
E. Hazum
Physiological Regulation of Pituitary GnRH Receptors . . . 141
R.N. Clayton, S.I. Naik, L.S. Young, and H.M. Charlton
GnRH Recpetor Microaggregation: Regulation of
Gonadotropin Release, GnRH Receptors, and
Gonadotrope Responsiveness . . . • . . .. 153
P.M. Conn, D.C. Rogers, S.G. Seay, L. Jennes,
H. Jinnah, M. Bates, D. Clapper and D. Luscher
SECRETORY PROCESSES IN THE PITUITARY
Recent Progress in Cell Biology of Secretory Process
in Anterior Pituitary Cells . . . . . . . . . 169
A. Tixier-Vidal and C. Tougard
Fluidity of Gonadotropin Storage in Cycling Female
Rats ..•.......•......... 181
G.V. Childs
Regulation of Peptide Hormone Receptors in the
Pituitary-Gonadal Axis: Receptors to Gonadotropins
and Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone . 199
A. Amsterdam
GONADOTROPIN ANTAGONISTS
Strategies for the Inhibition of Gonadotropin
Action • ............. . 219
M.R. Sairam
The Role of Carbohydrate Moiety of Gonadotropin
Molecule in Transduction of Biological Signal. 235
U. Zor, M.R. Sairam, P. Shentzer, A. Azrad, and
A. Amsterdam