Horizontal Inequalities and Post-Conflict Development

366 Pages·2012·2.295 MB·English

by  Arnim Langer, Frances Stewart, Rajesh Venugopal (eds.)

Horizontal Inequalities and Post-Conflict Development
Conflict,InequalityandEthnicity
Series Editor: Frances Stewart, Emeritus Professor of Development Economics and
Director,CRISE,UniversityofOxford,UK
Theseriesfocusesontherelationshipsbetweeninequality,humansecurityandeth-
nicity emanating from the work of The Centre for Research on Inequality, Human
Security and Ethnicity (CRISE), UK. Some books cover general issues such as mobi-
lization,affirmativeaction,theroleandmanagementofnaturalresources,andpost
conflictpolicies;othersarerootedintheexperienceofdifferentregions,forexample
SouthEastAsia,WestAfrica,andLatinAmerica.
The series is unique since it is united by interest in an unusual perspective – that
ofexploringtheseissuesinrelationtohorizontalinequalitiesorinequalitiesamong
groups. While each book stands alone, they also have unity of approach and share
somebasicideas.ThepublicationsfromtheConflict,InequalityandEthnicityserieswill
behighlyrelevanttostudents,academicsandpolicy-makersworkingonquestionsof
contemporaryconflict.
Titlesinclude:
YvanGuichaoua(editor)
UNDERSTANDINGCOLLECTIVEPOLITICALVIOLENCE
ArnimLanger,FrancesStewartandRajeshVenugopal(editors)
HORIZONTALINEQUALITIESANDPOST-CONFLICTDEVELOPMENT
FrancesStewart(editor)
HORIZONTALINEQUALITIESANDCONFLICT
UnderstandingGroupViolenceinMultiethnicSocieties
RosemaryThorpandMaritzaParedes
ETHNICITYANDTHEPERSISTENCEOFINEQUALITY
TheCaseofPeru
Forthcoming:
GrahamK.Brown
THEPOLITICALECONOMYOFSECESSION
Ethnicity,InequalityandtheState
GrahamK.Brown,ArnimLangerandFrancesStewart(editors)
DEBATINGAFFIRMATIVEACTION
InternationalandInterdisciplinaryPerspectives
Conflict,InequalityandEthnicity
SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–0–230–24608–9(hardback)and
978–0–230–24708–6(paperback)
(outsideNorthAmericaonly)
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Horizontal Inequalities and
Post-Conflict Development
Editedby
Arnim Langer
UniversityLecturerofInternationalRelationsandDirector,CentreforResearchon
PeaceandDevelopment(CRPD),UniversityofLeuven,Belgium
Frances Stewart
EmeritusProfessorofDevelopmentEconomicsandDirector,CentreforResearchon
Inequality,HumanSecurityandEthnicity(CRISE),UniversityofOxford,UK
and
Rajesh Venugopal
LecturerofDevelopmentStudies,LondonSchoolofEconomics(LSE),UK
Introduction,selectionandeditorialmatter©ArnimLanger,FrancesStewart
andRajeshVenugopal2012
Individualchapters©contributors2012
Foreword©JohnKufuor2012
Softcoverreprintofthehardcover1stedition2012978-0-230-25184-7
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Contents
ListofTables vii
ListofFigures x
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xiv
NotesonContributors xv
1 HorizontalInequalitiesandPost-ConflictDevelopment:
LayingtheFoundationsforDurablePeace 1
ArnimLanger,FrancesStewart,andRajeshVenugopal
2 Macro-EconomicPoliciesinPost-ConflictCountries 28
ArnimLangerandFrancesStewart
3 EmploymentPoliciesandHorizontalInequalitiesin
Post-ConflictSituations 61
FrancesStewart
4 CorrectingHorizontalInequalityasaDevelopment
Priority:PovertyReductionStrategyPapersinHaiti,
LiberiaandNepal 84
SakikoFukuda-Parr
5 Privatization,Private-SectorDevelopmentandHorizontal
InequalitiesinPost-ConflictCountries 108
RajeshVenugopal
6 TheBosnianParadox:OntheCausesofPost-War
InequalityandBarrierstoItsRecognitionandReduction 131
SusanL.Woodward
7 ExplainingaContradictoryRecord:TheCaseof
Guatemala 158
CorinneCaumartinandDiegoSánchez-Ancochea
v
vi Contents
8 Post-ConflictEconomicPolicyandGroupInequalities
inPeru 186
JoséCarlosOrihuela
9 InequalityandPost-ConflictFiscalPoliciesinBurundi 209
JanvierD.Nkurunziza
10 StructuralViolenceandConflict:VerticalandHorizontal
InequalityinPost-GenocideRwanda 230
SebastianSilvaLeander
11 ADangerousPeace?Drugs,Post-ConflictStateBuilding
andHorizontalInequalitiesinAfghanistan 249
JonathanGoodhand,ChristianDennysandDavidMansfield
12 Nepal:FirstStepsTowardsRedressingHIs? 275
GrahamK.Brown
Bibliography 297
AuthorIndex 322
SubjectIndex 326
List of Tables
1.1 Categorizationofcountries 4
1.2 Summaryofparametersincountriesstudied 19
1.3 ExamplesofapproachestoreducingHIs 23
2.1 StrongGrowthRecoveryCountries(SGR) 38
2.2 WeakGrowthRecoveryCountries(WGR) 39
2.3 Uganda’smacro-economicperformance(1987–2004) 45
2.4 Regionalimpactofthemaineconomicpoliciesand
reforms(1986–2004) 54
2.5 Regionalandsectoraldistributionofpoverty
(1992–2003) 56
2.6 Expectedimpactofmacro-policychangesonHIs 58
3.1 Compositionofemploymentinsomepost-conflict
countries,%oftotalemployment 66
4.1 Developmentplanningcontext 88
4.2 Haiti:AllocationofdonorresourcestoPRSPpillars 91
4.3 Liberia:AllocationofresourcestoPRSPpillars 96
4.4 Verticalinequality(VI)andhorizontalinequality(HI)in
PovertyReductionStrategyPapers(PSRPs)? 100
5.1 OwnershipofMozambicanmanufacturingenterprises
byethnicityandsize.Comparativedatabyethnicity
providedforKenya,Zimbabwe,ZambiaandTanzania 119
5.2 Mozambique:Regionaldistributionofforeignandtotal
investment(1996–2000) 121
6.1 Genderinequality:Genderdevelopmentindex 139
6.2 Genderinequality:Income 139
6.3 Genderinequality:Employment 140
6.4 Regionalinequality 142
6.5 Ethnonationalinequality 142
7.1 EthnicstratificationandinequalityinGuatemala,circa
2000 160
7.2 VariousdimensionsofHIbetweenindigenousand
non-indigenous(2000) 161
7.3 Selectedpeacemonitorindicators 164
vii
viii ListofTables
7.4 Educationalattainmentsforindigenousand
non-indigenouspeopleinGuatemala(1989–2006) 170
7.5 GrowthofGDPpercapitainCentralAmerica(2000
USdollars)(1990–2007,%) 174
7.6 SomelabourmarketindicatorsinGuatemala
(2000–2006) 175
7.7 Comparativestructureofthelabourmarket,percentage
ofthetotalandtotalemployedinthousands(1989,
2000and2006) 177
8.1 HIsbetweenregions:IlliteracyratesinPeru,Limaand
Ayacucho(1981,%) 191
8.2 HIswithintheexcluded:IlliteracyratesinAyacucho
provincesbymothertongue(1981,%) 191
8.3 Livingconditionsintheregionsmostaffectedby
ShiningPathconflict 193
8.4 Povertyincidenceintheregionsmostaffectedby
ShiningPathconflict(%) 194
8.5 Geographicaldistributionofpoorpopulation(2007,%) 195
8.6 Illiteracyrates:Path-dependentexclusion(%) 195
8.7 Distributionofminingcanontransferstoregions
(2004–2008,%) 197
8.8 Reproductionofeducationalgaps 200
8.9 Averageofadvaloremduties(%) 201
8.10 Evolutionofcocacultivation(Ha)byriverbasin 203
9.1 CharacteristicsofBurundiCivilWar 211
9.2 Socio-politicalpeckingorderinBurundi(1966–2005) 215
9.3 ProvincialdataoneducationinBurundi 218
9.4 Ethno-regionalbackgroundofBurundileadership(%) 219
9.5 Populationweighteddistributionofemploymentinthe
civilservice 220
10.1 Trendsinpovertyandkeysocialindicators,bylocation 237
10.2 Changesintop/bottomquintileincomesharessincethe
1980sinSub-SaharanAfrica 242
11.1 FiscallimitationsoftheAfghanstate 256
11.2 Percapitaspendingperprovinceofplannedand
committedaid(2007/2008,US$) 258
12.1 Nepal:HIsbymajorcasteandethnicgroupacrossfour
dimension,ratiotonationalmean(1996) 280
ListofTables ix
12.2 Averageconsumptionratiostonationalaverageby
nationalquintile 281
12.3 Nepal:Regionalinequalityindex,GCov(2001) 284
12.4 Poissonregressionresultsforlevelofconflict
(normalizednumberofabductions)byregional
developmentandgenderinequality 288
12.5 CompositionofPAFcommunityorganizationsby
ethnicity(2007) 294