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The of Politics Transition Wang Enbao .i.' ^ m iip Canada-Hong Kong Resource Centre ^ff from Hung On-To Memorial Library ^<^' Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from IVIulticultural Canada; University of Toronto Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/hongkong1997poli00wang Hong Kong, 1997 Canada-Hong Kong Resource Centre 1SpadinaCrescent,Rjn. Ill •Tbronto,Canada•M5SlAl Hong Kong, 1997 The Politics of Transition Enbao Wang LYNNE RIENNER PUBLISHERS BOULDER LONDON — Published inthe UnitedStatesofAmericain 1995by L\nneRiennerPublishers.Inc. 180030lhStreet.Boulder.Colorado80301 andintheUnited Kingdomby U\nneRiennerPublishers.Inc. 3 HenriettaStreet.CovenlGarden.UondonWC2E8LU © 1995 byLynneRiennerPublishers, inc.All rightsreserved. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Wang.Enbao. 1953- HongKong. 1997 : thepoliticsoftransition/EnbaoWang. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN 1-55587—-597-1 (he: alk.paper) — 1.HongKong —Politicsand—government. 2.HongKong— Relations China. 3. —China Relations Hong Kong. 4. China Politics and government 1976- 1.Title. bs796.H757W36 1995 951.2505—dc20 95-12694 CIP BritishCataloguinginPublicationData ACataloguingin Publication record forthisbook isavailablefromthe British Uibrarv. Thisbookwast\pesetb\ Uetra Libre. Boulder.Colorado. Printedandbound inthe UnitedStatesof.America @ Thepaperusedinthispublication meetstherequirements ofthe.AmericanNational StandardforPermanenceof PaperforPrintedLibraryMaterialsZ39.48-1984. 5 4 3 2 1 Contents ListofTables ix Acknowledgments xi ListofAcronyms xiii Introduction: The Hong Kong Question 1 The Origin ofthe Hong Kong Question, 5 The 1984Hong KongAgreement, 7 The BasicLaw, 8 1 Chinese PolicyToward Hong Kong: ALimited Choice 13 Sovereignty, 13 ChineseNationalism andtheHong Kong Question, 17 Beijing's OfficialPosition on theHong Kong Question, 1949-1970s, 24 Decolonization ofthe British Empire, 26 The Emergence ofthe People'sRepublicasaMilitaryPower, 28 The Hong Kong Question:A Challenge toBeijing, 29 Beijing'sDecisions on the Hong Kong Question in 1984, 32 2 China's "One Country,Two Systems" PolicyToward Hong Kong 41 The Origin ofthe ConceptofOne Country, TwoSystems, 42 The Principle ofOne Country, TwoSystems andthe Hong Kong Question, 44 The Hong KongModelandthe Taiwan Issue, 51 3 The Formation ofthe SAR"s Political System in the Basic Law 63 Hong Kong's CurrentPoliticalSystem: Its Constitution andPractice, 64 Hong Kong Dividedon Democratization andthe SAR'sPoliticalSystem, 68 China's Position on Hong Kong'sDemocratization andthe SAR's PoliticalSystem, 72 vi Contents Britain'sInfluenceandSino-British Compromise, 74 Changes in the PoliticalSystem, 82 The Systems ThatRemain Unchanged, 83 From the Declaration to the Basic Law, 84 4 Does the Hong Kong SAR Have aHigh Degree ofAutonomy? 89 AnAutonomousRegion, 90 Autonomous Region andSovereign State, 90 Is China a FederalState Underthe BasicLaw? 91 TheAutonomyofthe Hong Kong SARandthe Practice ofAutonomyforthe Chinese Nationalities, 94 Hannum andLillich's Contribution to Understanding the TheoryandPractice ofAutonomyandthe AutonomyoftheHong Kong SAR, 97 General GovernmentalStructure, 100 ParticularIssuesandPowers, 106 Conclusion, 109 5 China's Sovereignty overthe Hong Kong SAR 113 TheBasicLawStates thatChina, NotBritain, PossessesSovereignty, 114 TheBasicLawStates thatBeijing Is Sovereign overtheSAR, 117 Conclusion, 123 6 China's Modernization and the Hong Kong Question 129 DengXiaoping EconomicReform and 's Open DoorPolicy, 129 Deng'sReformsandHongKong, 145 Conclusion, 154 7 China's PohcyToward Hong Kong in theTransition Period 161 Sino-British Cooperation, 162 Influence on Hong Kong andSupportfrom the HongKongPeople, 170 PoliticalReform Within the Scope ofthe Basic Law, 175 No Concessions toPatten'sReforms, 178 Preparationsforthe FirstGovernmentofthe SAR, 185 Conclusion, 189 8 China's PoHcy on the 1997 Issue: A Pragmatic View 197 Chinese Policy TowardHong Kong 1997: A Summary, 197