JANUARY 1999 ISSUE 1460 USA $3.95 CANADA $4.95 Home-brew this SOOW amp - -==------ • ---- - - - .'-~. • -------- --- -- ---- -.:------:- - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , ~- Build a hot 2m vertical! Switching power supplies Sunspot Cycle 23 The good news : Best OX ever 1 The bad news : Satellite killer? Get more features for your dollarwith our SYNTHESIZED FM LOW NOISE RECEIVER PREAMPS REP-200 REPEATER EXCITER & RECEIVER MODULES LNG-( ) GAAs FET PREAMP A microprocessor-controlled repeater with full auto We recently introduced new vhf fm patch and many versatile dtmf remote control fea STILL ONLY $59, wiredltesled exciters and receivers which do not tures at less than you might pay lor a bare bones • Make your friends sick with require channel crystals. repeater or controller alone! envy ! Work stations they don't NOW... uhf modules are also available! even know are there Exciters and Receivers provide high quality nbfm and o Install one at the antenna and fgk operation. Features include: overcome coax losses, Dip switch frequency selection. Availab/e for 28-30,46-56, 137-152, 152-172,210 o o • Exceptional modulation for voice and ctcss. 230, 400--470, and B00--960 MHz bands. o Vel}' low noise synthesizer (or repeater service. LNW-( ) ECONOMY PREAMP • Direct fro (or data up to 9600 baud, • TCXO for tight frequency accuracy in wide ONLY $24Jkit range of environmental conditions. • Miniature MOSFET Preamp o kit still only $1095 • Next day shipping. No wait for crystals, o Solder terminals allow easy o fact0l}' assembled still only $1295 connection inside radios, EXCITERS: 50-5-<. 10:1-114,21J.-nJ. 020-475 "'Hz. lW2·g. 5 "'Hz ,1':lMly h':l"er.) "'Hz Available for 26-35, 36-55, 56-90, 90--120, 120--150, ... FCC IVPOatcoptod foreomme,ool oe~ ", ISO $. 4S(1 baO<l. o Rated for continuous duty, 2-3W outpur 150-200, 200--270, and 400--500 MHz bands. Digital Voice Recorder Option, Allows message up T301 VHF Exciter: for various bands 139-174MHz' , to 20 sec. to be remotely recorded off the air, Play 216·226 MHz. back at user request by DTMF command, or as a o Kit I~.mt>and' ooly) ...$109 (TCXO option $40) periodical voice id, or both. Great for making club • Wlredltested, inel TCXO.. $189 announcements! , ,.., , ,..,..,only $100, ''t'DJ\. 1304 UHF exciter: various REP-200C Economy a epeater. Real-voice 10, no No need to spend thousands on f~~~~\-¥1 " bands 400-470 MHz'. dtmf or eutopatcb ,. Kit only $795, w&t $1195 new transceivers for each band! • Kit (4~(l-450 ham D' nd only) !ri: .. ~"'_':;;: -..~~ REP-200N Repeater. Without controller so you can ~ ~ Incl TCXO ..,$149 :" ~~..I, ~ t " Convert vhf arid uhf signals _ o use your own, .....,..,.,.Kit only $695, w&t $995. • Wiredltested...$189 ~/ : ' ~ to & from 10M. Ak~,~.,,~ "lorgo.' II o. pon u.o • Even if you don't have a 10M rig, you can pick up RECEIVERS: very good used xmtcs & rcvrs for next to nothing. • Receiving converters (shown above) avauatne for R301 VHF Receiver; varroes bands 139-174MHz·, various segments of 6M, 2M, 220, and 432 MHz. 216-226 MHz • Rcvg Con" Kits from $49, wired/tested units only $99 • Kit (~am t>ao'ld. ooly) ,.only $139 (TCXO option $40) o Transmitting converters • Wiredltested ...$209 Hamtronlcs has the world's most for 2M, 432 MHz. (includes TCXO) complete line of modules for o Kits only S89 vhf or S99 uhf. R304 UHF Receiver: various making repeaters. In addition to o Power amplifiers up to bands 400--470 MHz' , excuere, pe'e, and receivers, we sbwootout o Kit (040_4&0 Mm b.oo'ld ooly) offer the following controllers. incl TCXO ..,$179 COR·3. lnexpensive. flexible COR module with timers, o Wlred/lested..,$209 courtesy beep, audio mixer. only $49/kit, $79 wit. CWID. Traditional diode matrix mer. " kit only $59. A sensitive and selective professlonal gradll receiver to CWID·2. Eprom-controlled ID'er only $54/klt, $79 wit. monitor critical NOAA weather DVR·l. Record your own voice up to 20 sec, For voce id broadcasts. Good reception or playing club announcements ,......" ..,.$S9/klt, $99 wit. e~en at distances of 70 miles or COR-4. Complete COR and CWlO all on one board, 10 in more wrth surtable antenna, No FM EXCITERS: 2Woutpul, continuous duty. eprom. Low power CMOS "".. onty $99/klt, $149 wit, comparison wrth ordinary consumer radIOS' • TAS1: for 6M, 2M, 220 MHz .., , kit $99, wit $169 COR-So COR wrth real-voice ill. Low power CMOS, non- Automatic mode provides storm watch, alertin9 you by o TA451 : for 420-475 MHz kit $99, wit $169 unmutln9 reeefver and pro~iding an output to trip remote volatile memory, " " kit only $99, wit only $149. • TA901 : for 902-928 MHz, (0.5W out) . wit $169 equipment when an alert tone is bfoadcast. Crystal COR·5. j.lP controller wrth autopatch, reverse ap, phone controlled for accuracy: all 7 channels (162,40 10 162,55). VHF & UHF POWER AMPLIFIERS. remote control, lots of OTMF control functions, all on one Buy just the receiver pee module in krt form or buy the krt Output levels from lOW to 100W.,.,..,.....Starting at $99 board, as used In REP-200 Repeater, .. .. $379 wIt. wrth an attractive metalcabinet, AC power adapter, and FM RECEIVERS: Ap·3. Repeater autcpatch reverse eutcpatch. phone line built-in speaker. Also available factory wired and tested, remote control. Use with TO-2 " "" "kit $89. RWX Rc~r kit,PCBonl)' , $19 Very sensitive - 0.15IN. TO·2. Four-dlgrt OTMF eecocerzccnncner Five latching RWX Rc~r krtwitl1 cabinet, speaker, &ACadapter 599 Superb setectivity, >100 dB down at ! 12 kHz, best RWX RevrwiredtlestedIn cabinetwithspeaker &adal'!er, ,,$139 on-off functions, toll call reemetcr. ."" kit $79. available anywhere, nutter-proof squelch. For 46-54, 72-76, 140-175, or 216-225 MHz. kit $129, wit $189 TD-4. OTMFcontroller as above except one on-off function and no toll call restoctcr. Can also use tor seieceve calling: o R144 RCVR. Like R100, for 2M, with helical mule speaker until someone pages you. .__.klt $49. resonator in front end kit $159, wit $219 Join the fun. Get striking o R4S1 FM RCVR, for 420-475 MHz Similar 10 Rl00 Images directly from the above, kit $129, wlt$189 weillher satellitesl o R901 FM RCVR, 902-928MHz ......... $159, wit $219 A very sensmve wideband fm A ccess all your favorite recei~er optimized for NOAA WWV RECEIVER closed rep eaters l APT & Russian Meteor weather fax onthe 137MHz band, Designed from the start for optimum satellite reception, not • Encodes all standard CTCSS Get time & frequency checks tones with crystal accuracy and just an off-thll-shelf scanner with a shorted-out IF filler! without buying multiband hf ecrwenent DIP switch selection. Co~ers all 5 satellrte channels. Scanner circurt & recorder rcvr. Hear solar activrty reports • Comprehensi~e manual also shows how you can set up oontrol allow you to automatically capture signals as affecting radio propagation. a front panel SWitch to select tones for several repeaters satellites pass cvemeac, even while away from home. Very sensitive and seieeuve o DeCoder can be used to mute receive audlc and is oR139 Receiver Kit less case ",,, """, ,$159 crystal controlled superhet, dedicated to listening to 'NWV optimized fOf installation in repeaters to pro~ide closed • R139 Receiver xn with case and AC power adapter $189 on 10 MHz. pertorrnance rwals the most expensi~e rcvrs access. HIgh pass Mer ~ets rid 01 annoying buzz in oR139 Receiver wit in casewith AC power adapter ",$239 • RWNV Rcvr kit, PCBonl)' $59 receiver. @ New low prlcesl • Intemal PC Demodulator Board & Imaging Software $289 o RW-NV Rcvr kit WIth eabt spkr.& 1ZVdc adapter ".." $89 • TO·5 CTCSS Encoder/Decoder Krt ....., ......now only $29 • Turnstile Antenna . .".$119 • RWWV Rcvr wll illcebt....,thspkr &adapter ."..".."..".. ".." $129 oTO-5 c rcss EncoderlOecoder Wired/tested ., $49 • Weather Satellite Handbook " """ "" ,,$20 9 Autry A A S T R C N Irvine, CA 92618 ,~ (949) 458-7277 · Fax (949) 458-0826 www.astroncorp.com CORPORATION SWITCHING POWER SUPPLIES ASTRON POWER SUPPLIES CONT. ICS WT.(LBS) 55-10 7 10 3.2 • HEAVY DUTY. HIGH OUAlITY • RUGGED. RELIABlE. 5$-12 10 12 3.4 SPECIAL fEATURES PElFOR....CE SPECIFICATIOI. 55-18 15 18 3.6 85-25 20 25 4.2 • SOlID STATE ELfCTA(JrlICAllY REGLlATEO • INPUT VOLTAGE: 105-125 VN; 5$·30 25 30 5.0 • FOlD-8ACK CURRENT UMlTING PlOltCts Power Supply • OUTPVT WLTAGE: 13.8 VDC t 0.05 ¥OIts from excessive ClMTent &continuous shorted output (Internally Adjustable: 11-15 VOC) • CROWBAR OVER VOIJAGf PROTECTKlH on all Models • RlPFU Less than 5m'I peak 10 peak (tuIl load & 1S-3A..s-.u.. llcapt Q-M IHL Ill-5l low line) • MAINTAIN REGULATION &lOW RIPPl..£ allow line il'lpul • All units available in 220 VN; inputvollage YoI1aoe (except tor Sl-11A) • HEAVY DOTY HEATSINK. CHASSIS MOUNT RJSE 55-25M With volt & amp meters • THREE CONOOCTOR POWER CORD exceet for AS-3A 8$-3OM With volt & amp meters • ONE YEAA WARRANTY . MADE INU.S.A. • LOW PROFILE POWER SUPPLY Sl SE CIt.... Continuous ICS· Slz.lIli1~ ""&'" MODEL Gray Blick Duly (Amps) (Amps) H~ W~ Wl N. SL-11A • • 7 11 21Ai ~ 71Ai .~ 9"lf.o 12 SL-llR • • 7 11 "'· 7 12 SL·11S • • 7 11 21Ai " 7¥. ~ 9lf.o 12 SL·11R-RA • 7 11 4%~ 7 " 9lf. 13 • POWER SUPPLIES WITH BUILT IN CIGARETTE LIGHTER RECEPTACLE RS·l SERIES les· ""&", CDnllnulllll Slzl lIM~ MODEL Dul, IAflps) lhpsl H" W~ Wl ... • RS·.(l •3 311t " 6%~ 7'10 6 RS-5l 5 3~ ~6% ~7'1o 7 • 19" RACK MOUNT POWER SUPPLIES RM SERIES CInIinuDlls ~S· Sizl lJlI) ""&'" MODEL Du1r IAIIIJSI lAmpsl Hx Wx D Wl ... Rt.l -12A 9 12 5'/0 x 19 x 8'/0 16 RM-35A 25 35 5'./, 19 x 1211t 38 )< sr RM-5OA 50 5''/' x 19 x 1211t 50 RM-60A 50 55 7x 19 x 1211 60 • Separate Volt and Amp Meters RM-12M 9 12 5'" x 19 x 8'/0 16 RM-35M 25 35 5'10 x 19 x 12'h 38 RM-SOM .... 37 50 5'10 x 19 x 12'h 50 MODELRM-35M RM·60M 50 55 7 x 19 x 12'h 60 e.. ti..... ICS' SIZI liN) U i"il ' RS·A SERIES II". MODEl Grly Dily lA_, sl lA_,ll HxW xD WI. •Ilh,) AS-3A • 25 •J 3 x 4'1. x 5"< RS·4A • • J 3,,"x 6'h X9 5 RS·5A • 4 5 3'h x 6'1, x 7'/. 7 RS·7A • • 5 7 3'% x 6'/2 x s 9 AS-lOA • • 75 10 4 )( 7'/; x 10'1. 11 RS·12A • • 9 12 4'k x 8 x 9 13 RS-12B • 9 12 4 x 7'/; x 10'1. 13 RS-20A • • 16 20 5 x 9 x 10'h 18 s u x u .. RS-35A • • 25 J5 x 27 i:!.50A • J7 50 e x taa x u " R ·70A • " " 6 x 13V< x 12'. MODEl RS-7A Cllli..l.. Its' l in I1I I U i"i•• RS·M SERIES MODEl hlylb,sl lA_,ll Hx Wx • WI. (Ih.) .;.:;.;..~ ~ • Swit:llable YOII <n:l Amp meier RS-12M 9 12 4",x8 x9 13 • 5epa"ale vott and Amp meters RS-2OM 16 20 5 x 9 x 10"., 18 RS-35M 2S 35 5 x 11 x 11 27 RS-SOM 37 50 6 x 13"'" x 11 46 MODEL RS-35M AS-10M 51 70 6 x 13V< x 12\ 48 VS ·M AND VRM·MSERIES • Separate VOlt and Amp Meters . Output \IoIlage adjustable from 2-15 volts . Cu'rent Iimil acl~stable from 1.5amps 10full LoacI C..UIHII SUI I1II 1'1,,1•• I'" MODEl ' 11ylA_, ll lA_,ll • x W x I Wl. llh ·1 @13.8VDC @10v0c @5VOC @13.8V ee x ex s VS-12M 9 5 2 12 13 .. VS-20M 16 9 4 20 5x9x101'lo 20 .. VS-35M 25 15 7 J5 5x11 x l1 29 VS-SOtA 37 22 10 50 6x 133Hx ll V$-70M 67 34 16 " 6 x 13lfox12 'j, • Variable rackmounl pOwer supplies VRM-35M 25 15 7 J5 5'1. x 19 x 12'h J8 MODEL VS-35M VRM-SOM 37 22 10 50 5'1. x 19 x 12'h 50 RS ·S SER IES • Built in speaker ClIII1 C..li....s ItS' Size (III] 1'1,,1•• MOOH Guy 8latk 0.1, lA_,ll A_,I I xW x l WI. Ilh.1 R:>7S • • 5 7 " x 7'1: x 10'" 10 R:>lOS • • 7.5 10 4x7""xl0"," 12 R:>129 • • 9 12 41'lox8x9 13 s x s x R:>20S • • 16 20 IOI'lo 1S SL-llS • • 7 11 2-% x N x9lJ. 12 CS-IlltermlltenlCommunication Ser\o;ce(5O"Il. Duty Cycle Smlfl on 5 min. ott) CIRCLE 16 ON READER SERVICE CARD HANDHELDS MOBILES 0p'ionol Infrored Wireless Mit pawn NEW IC-T2H with MORE l1lI HJl.f'l1tJrrnJ. . 2MeIerSitlllieBander' Wi 8 U YOM ' 5lIImW lIIi'Mu....m..itt .... die • • P'OI,,,"nabl, Keys Sl..cild wI _K·1JOOf( K-21J1H" Defllh S.nil9' for Eu ler Operation ' BUIIt·ln . itt_ ...__ Toni Squelcll with Pockel Beep .nd Tone IUlI(JH.bfo1--- Se,n' AU MIIfTIOfY Charnels' Cloning Capabilitin "...........GOI • U$\IS 8'M' Ni-Cd (includedlor Alkaline 8en~s • Affordable ' 2.31WI.SSIHl, 1.3101. 14,8 oz 2Meter · 55/10/5 Watts Iseleeteblel IX144·1&8 MHz · AX 136· « 114 MHZ' • 15 db193 db IMD• 113 Memory Channels · Heavy Duty.One Ptece. Die Cast Aluminum Chusis · MIL SPEC 810 CI DIE ShockNibration• Front Pane' Programmabl, A,lphanum,ric 1C-T22A/IC-T42A 12M/440 MHz) Display · PC or Radio to Radio Cloning·· • DTMf Microphone SingleBander' Fun,Shirt Pocket Smalland Easy crcss (HM·98SI- EncodelOecode Standard- SOTone frequen· toUse ' LargeAlphanumericDisplay' Wide Re cies · Independ.ntly Programmable Tll/R~ · Tone Scan - Auto we ceive Coverage,IncludingAir Band' 5 13.5 R. pealerwith BusyLockout· Priority Watch13 typ. sl- 5.5"(W) v 13 W Ilut of Box)' Air Band Receive ' 80 x1,8'IH) x1.1·(Ol. 21b 10oz Memory Channels(40wIAlpha Displayl - 2.3'(Wl, 4.3"(Hl. I.I"I[)), 10.901 Ic-n AHP 2 Mele,,I44O MHl 0\181 Bandel " Dual Bands 81 8 Single Band. r Sile & Price ' Very Easy10 USI No Function Key' Works One Band at • Time. 2M/44O MHz Advanced Dual Bander' 2M (SO WV«O MHz (35 Switch aeween Bands with One Touch of the W). Detachable Control Panel- · FastScanning · 22OMemory Band Key ' Now. W !2M:vJ W (<<01 Out of the Channels · PC Programmable · CTCSS Encode {decode crcss BOJwith 8p·I13· 1ntuitiYt!' HelpDisplay· optionall· RFAnltfluator •8OTMFMemorySwitches· YIv.lVu s; Encooa/Decoor VeryAffordable· 2-5'1Wl.U "{Hi mullaneou, AX · Built·ln Ouplexer · 3 Sel,etabl, Pow, r lev· U 1DLl1.3nz , Is: SO 1351. 10.5· 5.5·(WI. 1.&1HL8.41DL3.1Ib IC..Q7A 2 Meter,lUO '-ttl: Dual a..s.r · Extended Ax 30 1C-207H 1300 MHz Icellular blockedl, Airband Receive Broadcast fM and AM Receive [most TV stations,tool . 30ll Mw Transmitter· 200 Memo nes- Uses'M ' Alkaline OfNi-Cd Baneries· Rug g.d Construction · Tone Squelch · Easyto Use 2M/«OMHl Dual Bander·:!v1 lIfi W1I44O MHz135WI' Super •Splashgesistent- 6·25KHz Channel Step· full Compact Detacheble ControlPanel·· with BigKays. Big Knobs Scanning Capability · Receiver anenoator and a Big Display- Work On. Band at a Time ' 96Oll Baud • Power Save feature · 2.3"(Wl. 3,4'IHl, 0,98',01 Ready · Wide Band RX [Includes AIf Bandl' CTCSS Encode/ IShOW" withoplionalarrla""11 Decod. · V. ry Affordable - 5.!i"(Wl.1,6·IHI. 8 1·lOl. 261b BASE STATIONS IC-W32A 2Meter/440MHlDual Bilf'01er· 5 W Out 01theBox • No Functio" Key · PC Programmable - 200 Memories WIth Alphanumeric Display , MesSlg· III1g& Paging-1ntuitive' HelpDisplay· BackhtDis· S olar Cycle 23is here. Now's play and Keypad - Wide Band AX (Including Air the best time to upgradeyour Bandl· VN,VIlI,UIU Dpltrationwith VHflllHf Tun· license... or your shack.. When ing Knob h change - EncodelOecode • PCtRa· you upgradeto General Class die-te-Radio Cloning - 22"l'M.4.9"!Hl l.110ll2.0oz or higher. c - _ - _ . t: le.a. mail usa os''''''' 5.11 copy 01 ~ • IC-821H IC·TBA Ihe your 2MI44O MHz Advanced Satellite & Digital Base SlItion · All amateur ... 6 Meterf2 Metert440 MHz Tri Bander Handlleld user • Modes · Easy to Conlinuous Adjustable Transmit radio ; - WorldS Smallestl • Super ThIn Plofile/light- Power· Sub Band Transmit· 9600 Full CompatIbilIty Out of the license. ~ weigl1t DesIgn· Upto 5Watts PoweronAll Bands Bo~ · 160 Memories · Noise Blanker & If Shift on Main & Sull ICOM """- 113.5 VDC)· 4,5Wens Out of Bo~ with Supplied . . - with ICO M Bands [independem main/sub RXI· Built-In El,clronic BP-200 Battery · One·Touch Band Switching IS giVing away one Keyer· Satellite Trad ing with Doppler Correction • Ni-MHPowered!• RX(MHd:SO·54 (6 meters). IC·706MKII each month• • Compactl 9.51W1. 3.T(HI. 94'(01. 11.0 III 118 - 11412 meters). 400 - 4101440 MHz) Breed 'Byfarth. rnlSiest touse sarelliteradio on rhe merleet today. between April 1998and March cast FM and AM gecewefmcstTV stations,tool /n/ess then 10 minutes efter unpacking the 82IH, I was on 1999, For complete details, visit • Airband Receive · 123Mamory Channels with the sir a/ 9600 baud WIth KO·23· your authorized dealer today. 10 Scan Edges and I Can for Each Band · MIL - MichaelWyrick. N4USI,AO·27 SPEC810 ClO/E· Tone Squelchwith PocketBeep Control Operator • Backlit Display with Timer ' Built in Guide Function · JISGrade 4Wat. r Resistance· Wall Charger Included· OTMFEncoder with 9 DTMF • Memories · Handheld to Handheld Cloning Ca e lm KOIIl"'-inl," ,1llo l(OI,l"'il l~ IiKOIIl,","~~4..~. pability orPCProgrammingCapability"· · 23(W), 1oeI ... Moo _"" ~ .. Foiorll(*_"•• 01_ ( ...... ~ ... ri<o ~ III, _ MT."..',M.,1oIf_.,oI /of or 10m, .. >OWor ltN4 ooIIl 4.3IH!,1,2 (01.9.9 02 ""' .w... 01 .. 1«( "' \no P.... ..0\Ili000I ...... .loco,Ioo.. r ....,., ...........,_ KOIl I«(..... www.icoll.Ulmerlca.com _ ........._ ftf/UlflmT THETEAM J ANUARY 19 99 ISSUE *460 EI Supremo & Founder Wayne Green W2NSDfl @A m a t e u r Associate PublllJher F. r. MariOn R a d i o T o d a y Associate Technical Editor Larry Anll)lluk WB9RRT Nitty Gritty Sluff TABLE OF CONTENTS J. Clayton Burnett Priscilla Gauvin Joyce Sawtelle FEATURES DEPARTMENTS Contributing Culprits Bil Brown WB8ELK 4' Ad Index 10 Home-brew a Customized HF Amplifier - WI5W Mike Bryce WB8VGE ca-r 64 Barter 'n' Buy Joseph E. K4lPV VISualize. contrive, create! KB7NO 64 The Digital Port Michael Geier KBl UM WSACM 46 Hamsats JimGrayW1 XUf7 18 3 L.s 4 2m - WD4KMP Jack Heller KB7NO NZ9E 43 Ham to Ham Chuck Houghlon WB6IGP This three-element stubledcoaxial vertical KOOV 52 Homing In • Dr. Marc Leavey WA3AJA is dirt cheap, sturdy. and vel)' effective. Letters Andy MacAiliSler W5ACM W2NSOIl 4 Never say Die Dave Miller NZ9E 48 New Products 21 The Evolution of Power Supplies - W6WTU Joe Moell KOOV W1Xun 62 Propagation Part 2: Switching techniques. Steve Nowak KESYN/5 WB8VGE 54 ORP Carole Perry WB2MGP 8 ORX 19. 31, 35, 24 From the Ukraine: A Radio Amateur's Story - UY5DJ Advertising Sales 45, 62, 63 Radio Bookshop Behind the Iron Curtain, home-brewing was the mother of Frances Hyvarinen 64 Special Addition Roger Smith invention. 42 Special Events 603-924-0058 800-274-7373 28 Here Comes the Sun - WA8YKN f ax: 603-924-8613 Part 1: Cycle 23 and you. Circulation linda Coughlan 34 7:Js OX Dynasty Award List uere Entry & Other Sluff 36 73s 1998 Annual Index Christine Aubert Norman Marion , Web Page .. • . Business Office .. . www.waynegreen.com . Edrtorial - Mvert~ing - OrCliabon seeooace • Product Reviews , 73 Amateur Radio Today Magazin.e E-mail • 70 Route 202N [email protected] Peterborough NH 03458·1107 603-924-0058 Fa x: 603-924-8613 Reprints: $3 per artiCle On the cover: This monster awaits you on page 10. Photo by WI5W. Don't forget: You, too, can win Back issues: $5 each a little fortune and a lot of fame by sUbmitting your cover photo candidale-with or without article. You mean you couldn't use a little extra cash? Printed in lhe USA Feedback : Any circuit works better with feedback, so please take the time to report on Manuscripts: Contribulions for how much you like. hate, or don't care one way or the ot her about the articles and possible publieaticm are most = = = columns in this issue. G qreatl. 0 okay, and U ugh. The G's and O's will be welcome. Wol 00 flo best we can10 continued. Enough U's and irs Silent Keysville . Hey, this is your communications leUo ~ you '8QI""S!. blJ: we assure rc le5JOOl5tJity for loss medium, so don't just sit there scratching your... er... head . FYI: Feedback "number- is or mrnage. Paymenl lor sw itted usually the page number on which the article or column starts . I artldes wi be macle after PltllicatOl 73 Amafeur Radio Today (ISSN 1052·2522) is pUblished monthty by 13 MagaZine, 70 N202. Peterborough NH a a Please st.tmil both 0sIl. and a 03458·1107. The ennre contents 0 1999 by 73 MagaZine. No part of this publication January be reproduced hard ccpy )'WI" aftlde [IBM (ok) without wrillen permission of the publisher. which is not aU that dillicult to get. The subscription rate is: one or Mac (preIermd) 1otmaIs~ ~1uIy year $24.97, two years $44.97; Canada: one year $3" .21, two years $57.75. Including postage and 1% GST. checked drawirgs ard schernaIJcs. Foreign postage: $19 surface, $42 airmail additional per year, payable in US funds on a US bank Second ee a"1d clerateSl, best too!S81 and class postage is paid at Peterborough. NH, and at additional mailing offices. Canadian second class mail i:jrted ceoes you can rT'W'aQIl.'How registration ' 178101. Canadian GST registration .125393314. Microhlm edition: University Microlilm. Ann 10 wnte t:lr7:I' QIiden:!s are <l'V tie Arbor MI 48106. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to 73 Amareur Radio Today, 70 N202. Peterborough ceJ eee NH 03458·1107. 73 Amateur Radio 'roca is owned b Shabromal Wa lid. of Hancock NH. on reqLeSI. US Cllilens. i"l:::kXIe ywr Social Secu1ty r'U1'tlef Conl r.ct: By being so nosey as 10 read this fine print. you have just entered into a binding agreement with 73 WIItI Slb'MIad ~ so '0\18 can Amafeur Radio Today. You are hereby obligated to do something nice for a ham Iriend-buy him a subscription to 73. What? All of your ham rneocs are already subscribers? Donate a subscription to your local school library! Sl.brM~ 10 know\\to. overall decrease in upgrades has gone from 17.8% in 1996 to 22.2% in 1997 and 27.3% in 1998. The numbers may not mean much to you until you plot NEUER SRV 0 I E them on graph paper. They form a fairly straight line, indi cating that unless something Wayne Green W2NSOIl changes, 1999 will give us a 33% further drop, 2000 a 39% drop over that, and 200 I a 45% drop over that. T he Rad News Peoria! waiting OUI the delays. The classes of license. Second, I'd The September FCC li lines at McDonald's never like 10 see all classes of li cense figures show an even Yep. Wayne Green played gal under 15 deep, with hun cense done away with and faster drop in new licenses, Peoria again! And I had a dreds of people sitting on there'd be just one license for with an overall loss of licensed great time. Too had if you anything handy, working dili everyone. This silly business hams. General licenses d"Wcd were within driving distance gently on reducing their life of making us memori ze a by 2953 from a year ago. and missed it The Peoria spans with burgers and fries. bunch of Q&As to pass a test Advanced dropped 2459 and Superfest '98 was a hum- When word gal out that I for upgrading doesn't make Novices by 7678! The only dingcr. If I'd driven there my was going to be coming to any sense to me. That doesn't significant increase was Tcchs, car would have been packed Peoria. the folks at the Rock teach anyone anything. You by 11 ,550. This tells us that a to the gills with some of the ford (Illinois) club went (0 learn mainly by doing, so we bunch of Generals and Ad great stuff I saw being sold. lengths to get me 10 stop ofT should make the entry into vanced have dropped out of Lordy! Video cameras for there and give a talk.. Instead the hobby easy and then do the hobby and not even both $20. great bargains on coax. of Flying to Chicago and then our best to get as many hams as crcd to renew their tickets. Apple IIT"'- computers with on 10 Peoria, they picked possible interested in packet, Others, of course, died. But, monitors that looked like they Sherry and me up in Chicago RITY, slow scan. satellites, worst, the Techs are not up. were right out of the canon and drove us to Rockford. We and so on. If we gel 'em into grading. Itjust isn't happening. from me factory for $30. had dinner at a wonderful DXing they'll be learning Not to be a pest, but the Sigh. I could have filled a van buffer restaurant and then I about antennas. It's about time next time an ARL official at those prices. And the flea talked to the club. And talked. we got some pioneering done shows his face at your club market stretched on in every And talked. Well, no one with HF packet anyway. We you might ask him what in direction. Tables of old lubes, dozed off, and the hands were should he developing ways to hell the Little League plans to and anything you could ever up all over the place with get that creepy-crawly stuff do about this situation. I sure want in parts. questions. up to speed. Ditto RITY, Oh haven't heard anything about The Wayne Green fans The next morning they well, RlTY was 60 wpm when any plans, but then what do I (yes, there are still a few left) drove us to the airport, where I got interested 50 years ago know? No, that missing R got their ration of my views they had hired a Mooney (it's - now it's up to a mighty isn 't a typo. The day of mes on things. I spoke for an hour a small plane, not a religion) 100, the last I heard. Snore. sage relayi ng is long gone, so and a half on Saturday after- to fly us to Peoria. Our computers can discuss let's forget the Relay pan of noon, and then again for it During the whole trip we things at 50,000 wpm. That's their name. which is as in tune Cw. must have been an hour (but were treated like royalty. 1 even faster than we can read with the times as Yeah, who was counting?) at the could get used to that. AI packet is relaying, of a son. - although, when I get the banquet mat evening. Then for Peoria they even had distilled time, I have a speed reading But show me where theARL is another hour Sunday morning. water for me at both the Friday a big packet supporter. course here that guarantees The hamfest was hcld at night dinner with a few club I'll be able to read 25,<XXl In the 1920s. when wc the local fairgrounds, with members and at the Saturday were down on 100 meters and wpm, and with better retention the exhibits and forums being banquet. than 1have now. using spark, the only way to in the usual fairgrounds ex- I talked about the day that get a message very far was by hibit buildings. On Sunday, Khrushchev saved amateur License Drop relaying it. Thcn came CW right in the middle of my talk, radio. Yes, 1 was right there and the League message han the rain let loose, It sounded when it happened! And I The August 1998 FCC li dling nels which solicited un like someone dropping a few talked about the greatest ca cense figures compared to important messages and re tons of lead shot onto the lin rastrophc in the history of the 1997 show a continuing drop layed them for the fun of it, roof. It did this a couple of hobby. I also talked a lot less in Teehs upgrading to Gen with involved hams making times and then went away. than I'd have liked about my eral and Advanced licenses. like small Western Union sta Later I found where the storm approach to answering the There was a drop of 26% in tions. J used to enjoy how long had gone, a..Chicago's O'Hare FCC's questions ahout restruc upgrades 10 General and a it took messages to get through Field was closed down, delay- turing the hobby. Well, I kept 28% drop in upgrades to Ad this system, and how bungled ing my trip back to New getting off on tangents, just vanced. The 1997 figures vs. they' d get in the process. Hampshire by three and a half like J do with my editorials. 1996 showed only a 10% drop When RTTY came along hours. The terminal at O'Hare BasicallyI'd like to see the in General Class upgrades, so was wall-to-wall passengers FCC have a 5 wpm test for all the drop is escalating. The Continued on page 6 tcaev 4 73 Amateur Radio January 1999 » CCD Video Cameras " , . 1 m Searchfor buriedtreasureat '. '.' . . ., , thebeach.backyard or parl<.. 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Sorry. no COOS Foreignorders,actj 20% set CAM, MatchingCase forAM-1.. _.•.$14.95 LPA-1WT,FullyWired l PA-l with Case.•._..•.~ ~ _S99.95 lorSlJrlaoemaii or use creditCMdand specify shiWir19 method NumtN!r 6 on yo"r Feedbac~ nrd need all the backup communi glad my new rig i'i. an ICOM. I LETTERS cation we can get come Jan. I. was also going to gel a new 2000. Maybe you can gel the ICOM for the XYL but the guy From the Ham Shack ham), 10 lobby their senators and in the ham store wouldn't trade. congressmen. Keep up the good After thirty-some years of edi work. ronal brainwashing I fi nally Gene Lynch WA7Z RA. 80\ interesting books I have read on AI the speed Ihillgs worl: in took your advice to heart. I quit 567. Boulder ~IT 5963:!. Hi. the subject. You may want 10 I\lu hillgron, we should have my high paying, do nothing gov w ayne: I suspect you don', re read them. as they show the 1'"_"" ernment job with the unbcliev started this fin' years 111<0. member 1111: . I am the person modem-day churches for what I\e 'll all see how Y2K play,,, Ollt. able bcnnics and used my who built the Karbon speaker they are.The hooks: The Forgot More and more experts the collective knowledge 0) to ad 0 11 cabinets about twenty years ago. Hooks ofEden, Bell Publish subject are predicting chaos, vance my station in life. Unfor It'll I still have them and they still ing Company: Tile 1...0."r Books Wlt\'/Ie. tunately. it didn't work. I am perform better than anyth ing of the Bible, also published by now unemployed. broke, living I' ve heard since. I still have the Hd l: Deceptions ami Mvths of in my car. and will have to pick plans. and copies arc avuifublc the Bible. by Lloyd Graham. Ken Dupuis \V~2SQC. In lip empty beer cuns to pay for I'm anyone who wants them. Just also pub-lished by Bell. Give all honesty.I enjoy 73 M(/~(/:.il/l' the stump on this envelope send a large SASE. Make thut 'em hell. wayne. You may not very much and have for over thanks a lot. The good news is two stumps. please everyone, hut you sure as three decades. The part I enjoy thut the beer cans arc allover the This is good deal! There is heck gct them to think a little. most is your editorials. I mean Iloor so it's prcny caxy 10 eel tI nospeaker enclosure the Mavbe , - Wam e. it. and I actually pull hack is...ues teet enough for a stamp.The bad Oil . . to read for the nostalgia effect. news is that I can't bend over my markrt today that equal tilt' ("WI hut mainly for your editorial.... fat gut pick them up, so I wiII to Karlson, - Win"lle. l>arr)r1 Jones VK2YI>J . It's like a refresher course in have to keep the next six-pack r Wayne, enjoyed yourSiglllillK_I' common se nse . I was also ofempties handier. I built a bio Rill Nielsen KOQIW. As a interview and I always look for pleased to see th at (COM ctcctrofryer and tried it on the fellow ham who got into read ward 10 your Neyer Say Die. America got its senses hack and family cal. Wow. no more fleas ing 73 Mugazine hack with is Perhaps with Y2K now ~COIll renewed their effort to support and no more cat. My old tired sue number I. I enjoy reading ing the i...sue it truly is. this is an the best ham magazine in print. eyes thought it read 27 volts )our editorials. In a recent cdi excellent moment to lobby hard As you have pointed out so of output when it was 270 volts. Oh tonal you touched on the sub to have Morse dropped to bring ten. it lakes advertiser dollars to well, I didn' t like the cal much jeer of religion. so I thought I in more amateurs and 0IX'n the print reader information. More anyway. All kiddin' a...ide. k~ would tell you abo ut three very HF to all existing hams. We may bucks, more pages, Now I' m up the good work! W NEUER fRY DIE the hobby going again. Prizes by Radin yet"). I can't dismiss Look at what 's happened con lilHwdjrom PUfW 4 for anyone who can figure out Dames' predictions lightly. with the Tokyo market. which how to wake up the directors Dames started out in this field was artific ially built up, based and get them to do whm tbcy'vc with a group that was doing re on ridiculously high land val in 194:-; the ARL fought it been elected todo. mote viewing for the military. lies. When the air went out of fiercely. It took years of light He is now selling a course that balloo n drastic measures ing the League to get the fCC Uoom! which leaches anyone inter were culled for ... and nor 10 okay the usc of RTTY on cstcd how to do it. Goll y, I implemented. So the funda the HF hands. They pulled Art Bell (W60 RB) had wish I had the lime to check mental weakness of the Japa every Irick they could think "Dr. Doom: ' Ed Dames, on that out! nese market is stil l a potential of. Well, they were afraid it his show again. 11 seems like Anyway. Dames is predict disaster which cou ld bring would pUI their old CW net- Dames and Scallion (K I BWe ) ing that a major solar narc down one market after an work out of business with the are trying to outdo each other next April will fry must of us. other around the world. Re RTIY ability 10 handle traffic in predicting doomsday see- Well. the Sun has been acting 4 member, the Japanese have at 60 wpm with no errors. nanos. Dames said that the very strange lately. with in hundreds of billions invested I think I really scared them Y2K computer bug is net go- creased UVs burning up crops in American companies and when I set up an RTIY sta- ing 10 he a major problem .. . and bewildering bees so they our government securities. A tion on 42nd Street a half because most of us will he can't pollinate plants. crash in Japan could result in block from Times Square in dead before then. Well. it's nice Dames also predicted thai frantic calls to liquidate these Manhattan one Chr istmas and thai we can stop worrying this fall the stock market is handled thousands of Christ- about Y2K. investments and, like our going 10 crash ... that stock mas messages to our troops Dames has a group of "rc- banks, there isn't any money markets all arou nd the world overseas. J made the cover of mole viewers" who have been there. just debt. All it lakes is are going 10 crash. Consider CQ magazine. with Bill Hal- busy checking our the future ing how volatile they are, and a small movement to get OUI ligan Wl)AC and Faye Emerson to sec what it holds. Since the weakness of their founda of the market and to cash in and Skitch Henderson. I also scientific research has proven lion, this isn'l a far reach. government securilies, and made the Bmss Pounder's beyond any queslion that in Like hanking systems. where poo f. the whole debt system Le.tgue. Maybe lhey Ihought ...ollle way we lIrf' able to pre- over 90'k of the money is lent can crash. And since 10 mil my h.'lel)·pc machine had bmss dict the future (as I" ve re- even a small run on the lion or so pt.--ople tune in 10lhe OUI, keys. ported before ... have you banks can crash Ihe whole It is the League's job to get read The ComcimlS Uni!'ersl' system. Continued on page 56 6 73 Amateur Radio Today · January 1999 MFJ 1.8-170 M H z A n a ™ Reads complex impedance . . . Super easy-to-use New MFJ-259B reads antenna SWR . . . Complex RF Impedance: Resistance/R) and Reactance(X) or Magnitude(Z) and Phase(degrees) ... Coax cable 10ss(dB) . •. Coax cable length and Distance to fault . . . Return Loss . . . Reflection Coefficient . . . Inductance • . . Capacitance . • . Battery Voltage. LCD digital readout . . . covers 1.8-/70 MHz . . . built-in frequency counter side-by-side meters . . . 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MFJ-29C carrying case, MFJ-66 dip meter . Measure your antenna's 2:I SYVR band- Take it anywhere adapter, MFJ-1315 110 VAC adapter. Save $5/ width on one band, o.r analyze multiband per- Fully portable, take It anywhere -- remote ! Tunable Measurement Fittern! fonnance over the enHn: spectrum 1.8-I70 Mf-lz! sites, up towers, on Dx-peditions. lt uses 10 MFJ-73 1, $89.95. Exclusive MFJ Check SWR outside the ham bands with- AA or Ni-Cad batteries (not included) or 110 tunable RF filter allows accurate SWR out violating FCC rules. , . VAC with MFJ-13 15, $ 14.95. Its rugged all and impedance measurements 1.8 to 30 . Take the guesswork out of building and metal cabinet is a compact 4x2x6'/. inches. MHz in presence of strong RF fields. adjusting marching networks and baluns. How good is the M FJ-259B ? l ias virtually no effect on measure- Accuratelv measure distance to a short or I\-IFJ SWR AnalvzersT'" work so good, menAtsiWorks with all SWR Analyzers. MFJ N Wh Illy open in a failed coax. Measure length of a roll many antenna manufacturers use them in their rM o . atter at wana . of coax coax loss. velocity factor and impedance. lab and on the production line __ saving thou- , ,\leasure inductance and capacitance. sands of dollars in instrumentation costs! !\IF J Will repair or replace (at our option) Troubleshoot and measure resonant frequency Used worldwide by profess-io·nTals·eGvery.where. your MFJ SWR Analyzer'''' for one full year. MF.'. ~nd More MF:.I 5WR ---"- - ~ approximate Q of traJ?s. s.tubs. transmission Awe .. lines, RF chokes, tuned CIfCUltS and haluns. S Adjust your antenna tuner for a perfect i\I FJ-249B, $229.95. Like MFJ-259B, Nearest Dealer .". 800-647-180 1: I match Without creating QR.'v1. but reads SWR, true impedance magnitude and And this is only the beginn ing! The frequency only on LCD. No meters. http://www.mfjenterprises. com MFJ 2 Mete F''''' S ' lA I MI::J MFJ224 TM .IYearA'oMutterWhm""warranty·30daymoney '15995 r 'I!.na na yzer . . 1"-1. back guarantee (less sin) on orders from MFJ . rxc. Measure signal strength detect fcedline faults. track down hidden transrmt- :\-IFJ ENTERPRISES, over 60 dB range. check and set F:--1 devi- tcrs, tune transmitters and ~Iters. Plug in scope to. Box 494, Miss. State, MS 39762 auon. measure antenna gain. bcamwidth, analyze modulation wave torms, measure. audio dis- (601) 323-5869; 8-4:30 ~ton.·Fri, CST. frunt-to-back.ratio, sidelobcs. feedline loss t0l110n, norse and Instantaneous peak dCvl~t.lon FAX: (60 I) 323-6551 ; Add s/h In an. Plot held strength patlems~ pOSI- Covers 143.5 to 148.5 MHz. Headphone J~ck, pat.- Tech Help: (601) 323~0549 non antennas, measure preamp gam, tery check function. Uses 9V battery, 4x2 /,x6 I, m. m,., ""<I'p« ,fLoatloo, ,,,bj,,,,, 10 <han~e. «)191~ Wi f.",,'P"."'.Inc, More hams use MFJ SWR Analyzers' <than any others in the world! Numb. , 8 on your FHdbK~ clfd Scientists point out that Administratium is QRH. known to be toxicat any detectable level of con • • centration and can easily destroy any productive reaction where it is allowed to accumulate. At tempts are being made to determine how Administratium can be controlled to prevent irre versibledamage.but results todate are notprem ising. From Winter 1998's Passband, newsletter of 10 Executive Producer Hap Holly KC9RP, "Most the Onslow ARC. Jacksonville NC, Robert Ham Scholarships of us in the blind and visually impaired commu DeVega Jr. KF4VOM, editor. nityhavehad limitedaccess to Green'sprovoca Available tiveand thought-provoking writings.Nowanyone onthe Internet with Real Audio 3.0capability can Digital Weather Reporting The Fooroatoo lorAmateurRadio,Inc.,a non hear him expound weekly on the topic(s) of his profit organizalion with headquarters in Wash choice. I've given him free rein, editing nothing on the Horizon ington, DC. plans 10 administer 66 scholarships but myvoice: however, Ihave suggested he keep lor the academic year 1999-2000 to assist ti his chats to 10 minutes or less. How delighted censed radio amateurs. The Foundation. com we are that Wayne Green Pontificates (WGP) is As anybody involved in the emergency and posed ofover 75local area amateurradioclubs. Wayne's first audio column!'" public service aspects of ham radio knows, the futly funds 10 of these scholarships with the in Updating Fridays at [www.ramrepcrt.corrt]. participation level that we'd like 10 see is not at come from grants and its annual Hamfest. The re WGP is licensed to Bohnhoff MediaCasting for ways there ... shortage of personnel is a real maining 56 are administered by the Foundation internet distribution and archiving. Intended for problem.Aside from that. morepeople can often without cost to the various donors. Weblisteningonly.WGPisthe brainchildof RAIN helpalleviate a problem,but it's no guaranlee 01 l icensed radio amateurs may compete for webmaster Mark Bohnhoff WB9UOM. "I have afull'fix."Afterall, thereare only so manypeople these awards if they plan to pursue a full-time been benefiting from Wayne's column in 73 who can sil al a net control desk at the National Weather Service. and there are only so many course of studies beyond high school and are MagaZineever since I developed a health proo voice repeaters that can be used in reporting. enrolled or have been accepted for enrollment lem a few years ago. I am pleased that Wayne Packet radio has been contemplated as an at an accredited university, college, or lechnical has agreed 10 take the time to share his exper addition toour system (in Green Bay.Wisconsin) school. The awards range from 5500 10 $2500, tise with the Internet listener." for the past few years, as a way to handle the with preference given in some cases10 residents As Hap Holly says, "We aredelighted Wayne less criticaltraffic with some degree of automa of specified geographical areas or the pursuit of hasdecided to get his feet wet with RAIN.- tion. Whilethese reports still are important to us. certain study programs. Clubs, especially those they are not of critical time-value in nature. The in Delaware, Florida, Maryland. New Jersey, report of a tornado, funnel aloft. or wall cloud Ohio, Pennsylvania,Texas,Virginia and Wiscon New Element Discovered! certainly requires the speed that only voice reo sin, are encouraged to announce these oppor porting can provide. After-the-tact damage re tunitiesat theirmeelings,intheirclub newsletters, ports or heavy rainfall reports can be passed on during training classes,on theirnets and on their The heaviest element known to science was a little later. There are also instances where a World Wide Web pages. recentlydiscovered by GMresearch physicists.The net control operator cannot instantly appear at Additional information andaneppucauon form element. tentativelynamedAdministralium,hasno the NWS to operate a net. may be requested by letter or QSl card, post protonsorelectrons and thus has an atomic num The Wisconsin packet radio network is reach marked before April 30. 1999, from: berof 0(zero). However,itdoeshave oneneutron, ing the stage where it will soon be practical for FAR Scholarships 125 assistant neutrons, 75 vice neutrons, and 111 secondary or absentee reporting. The system P.O.Box 831 assistant vice neutrons. Thisgivesitan atomicnum that will be in place will have a computer opera Riverdale MD 20738 ber of 312. These 312 particles are held together tional 24 hours a day, with the ability fa give in· The Foundation for Amateur Radio. incorpo by a force that involves the continuous exchange formation to users and get information from them. rated in the District of Columbia, is an exempt of meson-like partides called morons. The user ntertace will be (or at least resemble) organization under Seclion 501 (C)(3) of the In Since it has no electrons. Administralium is a BBS. II will be configured to print out any re remer Revenue Code of 1954. It is devoted ex inert. However, it can be detected chemically as ports at any time, so that meteorologists will be clusively to promoting the interests of amateur it impedes every reaction that it comes in con able to simply tear off the report and keep it on radio and those scientific. literary, and educe me. lact with. According to the discoverers, a minute There will be no direct interaction with the none! pursuits that advance the purposes of the amount of Administratium caused one reaction meteorologists; alter all, even if one were avail amateur radio service. to take over fourdaysto complete when it woutd able and licensed, he or she cannot operate be havenormally occurredintessthan one second. cause he orshe is on duty and being paid.There Administratium has a normal half·lire of approxi will also be little interaction with the Net Control Wayne on RAIN matelythree years.at whichtime itdoes notacto Operator, mostly because he or she will be ac any decaybut instead undergoesa reorganization tively operatingthevoice net. Keyboard chats with in which assistant neutrons. vice neutrons. and the NCO will not be needed to file a report. Welt·known (possibly notorious) amateur ra assistant vice neutrons exchange places. Some Anotherfeatureof this system will be the abil dio columnist and publisher Wayne Green studies have sho'NIl that the atomic mass actually ity 10 get timely information concerning the exact W2NSDI1 has agreed to host a free-lorm op-ed increases after each reorganization. natureofanywatchesor warnings that have been teature for RAIN. the RadioAmateur Information Research at other laboratories indicates that posted for the Central Warning Area that we Network. 00 its Web site Iwww.rainreport.com]. Administratium occurs naturally in the atmo cover. This win allow county NCOs to get updated Dubbed 'Wayne Green Ponntcates" by Green sphere. It tends to concentrate at certain points infoonation without interrupting the flow ofthe net. himself. this weekly unscripted diatribe will pro SUCh as government agencies,large corporations, From an article in The Wisconsin Packe/eer, vide anaudio outletforGreen'sdiverse opinions. and universities, and can usuady be found in the Andy Nemec KB9AlN, editor; included in Bad· that. as he put it. "will range from amateur radio newest. best appointed. and best maintained ger State Smoke Signals, July 1998, Jim to good health, wealth. and wtsoon." According buildings. Romelfanger K9ZZ, acting editor. &i 8 73 Amateur Radio Today . January 1999
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