Home Area Networks and IPTV

277 Pages·2011·6.353 MB·English

by  Jean-Gabriel Rémy, Charlotte Letamendia

Home Area Networks and IPTV
Home Area Networks
and IPTV

Jean-Gabriel Rémy
Charlotte Letamendia
First published 2011 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Adapted and updated from Les réseaux domiciliaires et l'IPTV published 2009 in France by Hermes

Science/Lavoisier ©Institut Télécom et LAVOISIER 2009
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ISTE Ltd John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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© ISTE Ltd 2011

The rights of Jean-Gabriel Rémy and Charlotte Letamendia to be identified as the authors of this work
have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Remy, Jean-Gabriel.
Home area networks and IPTV / Jean-Gabriel Remy, Charlotte Letamendia.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-84821-295-4
1. Home computer networks. 2. Internet television. I. Letamendia, Charlotte. II. Title.
TK5105.75.R46 2011
004.6'8--dc22
2011006655

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-84821-295-4

Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne.
Cover photo: created by Atelier Isatis, Dijon, France
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Services Offered by Home Area Networks . . . . . . 1
1.1. Why home networking? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2. Service convergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.1. Triple play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.2. Quadruple play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.3. Services linked to the person . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.4. Home services, energy saving, intelligent housing . . . . 8
1.3. IP or non-IP home area networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.3.1. Comparison with automobiles: the requirement
of standards for home networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.4. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.5. Appendix: the uses of very high bit rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.5.1. Progressive deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.5.2. Client ubiquity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Chapter 2. Receiving Television via Internet: IPTV . . . . . . . 19
2.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2. Digital TV formats (DVB and MPEG standards) . . . . . . . . 20
2.2.1. MPEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2.2. DVB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3. Digital TV transmission through IP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.3.1. History and market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.3.2. The evolution of consumer trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.4. IPTV: elements of the network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.4.1. General points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.4.2. Data transmission in an IPTV network . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.4.3. Quality of service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
vi Home Area Networks and IPTV
2.4.4. IP channel-switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.4.5. IPTV in a local loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.5. Set-top box (STB) hardware and software design . . . . . . . . 50
2.5.1. IPTV middleware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2.5.2. Content protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.5.3. Interactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.6. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.7. Appendix: notes on digital television . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.7.1. Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.7.2. Screens, size and resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.7.3. Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Chapter 3. Household Internet Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.1. Network cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.1.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.1.2. Communication media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3.1.3. The DOCSIS/EURODOCSIS standard . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.1.4. Modems and DOCSIS/EURODOCSIS CMTS . . . . . . . . 72
3.1.5. RF DOCSIS/EURODOCSIS signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3.1.6. Sizing optical nodes for DOCSIS services . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.1.7. Digital Television . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
3.1.8. Analog television . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3.1.9. The last mile: from local loop VHF to fiber . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.1.10. Transport and distribution of signals from headend
to local loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.2. Internet access by means of outdoor PLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
3.2.1. Structure of an electrical supply network . . . . . . . . . . 92
3.2.2. Use of the electric pair by PLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
3.2.3. Frequencies used by PLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
3.2.4. PLC standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
3.2.5. Administration of an outdoor PLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
3.3. Fiber optics to the home (FTTH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
3.3.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
3.3.2. Fiber optic technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
3.3.3. Fiber optic cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
3.3.4. Lasers, LEDs and optical receivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
3.3.5. Fiber optic subscriber connections: FTTx . . . . . . . . . . 107
3.3.6. Fiber to the Home (FTTH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
3.4. xDSL networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
3.4.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
3.4.2. General points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
3.4.3. ADSL technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Table of Contents vii
3.4.4. Data organization: ADSL frame and superframe . . . . . 128
3.4.5. Elements of ADSL access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
3.4.6. Protocol architecture for ADSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
3.4.7. Gigabit Ethernet transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
3.4.8. Unbundling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
3.4.9. Services over an ADSL network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
3.5. High bit rate radio: satellite, WiMAX and LTE . . . . . . . . . 144
3.5.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
3.5.2. Worldwide Inter-operability for Microwave Access
(WiMAX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
3.5.3. LTE (-SAE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
3.5.4. Internet by satellite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
3.6. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Chapter 4. Home Area Network Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . 155
4.1. Copper pair cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
4.2. The home network in coaxial cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
4.2.1. Communication mediums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
4.2.2. Transported signals: DOCSIS/EURODOCSIS . . . . . . . 159
4.2.3. Terminal section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
4.2.4. FTTLA beyond 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
4.3. Home networks using indoor power line communications . . 160
4.3.1. Standards and norms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
4.3.2. Possibility of two different networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
4.3.3. Safeguarding the local network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
4.3.4. Analysis and administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
4.4. LTE femtocells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
4.4.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
4.4.2. The LTE standard and femtocells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
4.5. Plastic optical fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
4.5.1. POF transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
4.5.2. IEEE 1394 standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
4.5.3. Recognition of other mediums and external connections 174
4.6. WiFi home area networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
4.6.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
4.6.2. General points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
4.6.3. Connection to the Internet using radio waves . . . . . . . 177
4.6.4. WiFi protocol layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
4.6.5. Successive WiFi standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
4.6.6. Transmission technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
4.6.7. WiFi network deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
4.6.8. Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
viii Home Area Networks and IPTV
4.6.9. 802.11n: the future of WiFi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
4.7. Home gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
4.8. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Chapter 5. Software Structure used in
Home Area Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
5.1. Characteristics of Home Area Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
5.1.1. Heterogeneity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
5.1.2. Dynamicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
5.1.3. Absence of an administrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
5.2. The digital leisure network: UPNP/DLNA . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
5.2.1. The UPNP/DLNA organization and certification . . . . . 211
5.2.2. Devices, service and action models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
5.2.3. Classes of devices: home, mobile, internetwork . . . . . . 217
5.2.4. Formats: images, audio, video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
5.2.5. Network and transport of media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
5.2.6. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
5.3. Home systems networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
5.3.1. The needs of home systems networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
5.3.2. MAC and physical layers on an RF network:
IEEE 802.15.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
5.3.3. Networking and datalinking over an RF network:
example of ZigBee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
5.3.4. Networking and datalinking over an electric
cabled network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Chapter 6. Software Structures in Use for
Home Area Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
6.1. Service gateways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
6.1.1. The role of a service gateway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
6.1.2. Service administration: OSGi bundles . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
6.1.3. Collection and redistribution of information:
contexts and methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
6.2. Security in home systems and multimedia networks . . . . . 242
6.2.1. Service access methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
6.2.2. Virtual networks (VPN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
6.3. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Chapter 7. Service Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
7.1. Service platform for a managed network . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
7.1.1. Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Table of Contents ix
7.1.2. Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
7.2. Internet kiosk on an unmanaged network . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
7.2.1. General points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
7.2.2. Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
7.2.3. Private life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
7.2.4. Development languages of applications . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
7.3. Sharing resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Chapter 1
Services Offered by
Home Area Networks
1.1. Why home networking?
The current evolution of society in developed countries has led
to very high speed access to information networks being seen as
essential in order to avoid marginalization.
Following the lead of North America, households are no longer
happy with a single television program and wish to receive two to
five programs – and sometimes more – on various different
television sets, ranging from high definition flat screens to VGA or
QVGA screens. When we take into account the increasing
demands for digital television – and also those for Internet
surfing, VoIP and new services to be in used in the home – we
have to consider home area networks carrying more than 50 Mbps
(for effective capacity, not including error correction mechanisms).
Most forecasts converge on a value of 100 Mbps. This has an
impact on the Internet access technology to be deployed in the
future.
At the same time, an awareness of environmental problems,
notably those linked to travel, has led us to consider carrying out
tasks at home which would previously have been done in the
2 Home Area Networks and IPTV
office, including in design offices with CAD (computer-aided
design) directly linked (or not) to automatons and robots on the
production floor. High speed Internet allows the possibility of real
collaborative work between people across the country and the
world. As a result, a substantial saving in hydrocarbon
consumption is achieved, as well as an improvement in the quality
of life. Most of all, this collaborative effort centered around CAD, if
applied to all technological sectors, could lead to revival and
growth in the industrial economy.
In addition, an ageing population is leading to the development
of systems for monitoring patients at home, under medical
observation or even for home hospitalization.
Finally, research into energy efficiency requires the use of
systems optimizing consumption by means of automatons and
associated sensors for ad hoc information processing.
All these needs require the household distribution of a digital
bit rate estimated to be at least 100 Mbps, and maybe even 1 Gbps
in the medium term if Japan and South Korea’s plans are to be
believed. This distribution can either be ensured through a single
distribution network, or by more than one. Given that each
network has its own distinctiveness and drawbacks, it is far better
to avoid separate rollouts.
1.2. Service convergence
Today, the industrial breakthrough of standard IP components
has pushed service providers into adopting these standards, no
matter what technology was previously used and even if changing
leads only to minor optimization. This technological convergence
has also been brought about by the ever-improving performance of
electronic chips, leading to the widespread availability of “all
digital” systems.
The performance of these components is distinguished by a
significantly increasing processing power as well as significantly
decreasing power consumption, when measured for the same