High Spectral Density Optical Communication Technologies PDF
Preview High Spectral Density Optical Communication Technologies
OPTICAL AND FIBER COMMUNICATIONS REPORTS EditorialBoard:A.Bjarklev,Lyngby H.J.Caulfield D.Chowdhury,Corning A.K.Majumdar G.Marowsky M.Nakazawa,Sendai-shi M.W.Sigrist C.G.Someda,Padova H.-G.Weber,Berlin Forfurthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/4810 OPTICAL AND FIBER COMMUNICATIONS REPORTS TheOpticalandFiberCommunicationsReports(OFCR)bookseriesprovidesasurveyofselectedtopicsat theforefrontofresearch.Eachbookisatopicalcollectionofcontributionsfromleadingresearchscientiststhat givesanup-to-dateandbroad-spectrumoverviewofvarioussubjects. Themaintopicsinthisexpandingfieldwillcoverforexample: • specialtyfibers(periodicfibers,holeyfibers,erbium-dopedfibers) • broadbandlasers • opticalswitching(MEMSorothers) • polarizationandchromaticmodedispersionandcompensation • long-haultransmission • opticalnetworks(LAN,MAN,WAN) • protectionandrestoration • furthertopicsofcontemporaryinterest. Includingbothgeneralinformationandahighlytechnicalpresentationoftheresults,thisseriessatisfiesthe needsofexpertsaswellasgraduatesandresearchersstartinginthefield.Booksinthisseriesestablishthem- selvesascomprehensiveguidesandreferencetextsfollowingtheimpressiveevolutionofthisareaofscience andtechnology. Theeditorsencourageprospectiveauthorstocorrespondwiththeminadvanceofsubmittingamanuscript. Submissionofmanuscriptsshouldbemadetooneoftheeditors.Seealsohttp://springeronline.com/series/4810. EditorialBoard AndersBjarklev MasatakaNakazawa COM,TechnicalUniversityofDenmark ResearchInstituteofElectrical DTUBuilding345V Communication 2800Ksg.Lyngby,Denmark TohokuUniversity Email:[email protected] Katahira2-1-1,Aoba-ku 980-8577Sendai-shi,Miyagiken H.JohnCaulfield Japan FiskUniversity Email:[email protected] DepartmentofPhysics 100017thAvenueNorth MarkusW.Sigrist Nashville,TN37208 ETHZürich USA InstitutfürQuantenelektronik Email:hjc@fisk.edu Lab.Laserspektroskopie–HPFD19 ETHHönggerberg DipakChowdhury 8093Zürich CorningInc. Switzerland SP-TD-01-2 Email:[email protected] Corning,NY14831,USA Email:[email protected] CarloG.Someda DEI-UniversitàdiPadova ArunK.Majumdar ViaGradenigo6/A LCResearch,Inc. 35131Padova,Italy 30402RainbowViewDrive Email:[email protected] AgouraHills,CA91301 Email:[email protected] Hans-GeorgWeber Heinrich-HertzInstitut(HHI) GerdMarowsky Einsteinufer37 Laser-LaboratoriumGöttingene.V. 10587Berlin,Germany Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg1 Email:[email protected] 37077Göttingen Germany Email:[email protected] · · Masataka Nakazawa Kazuro Kikuchi Tetsuya Miyazaki Editors High Spectral Density Optical Communication Technologies 123 Editors DistinguishedProf.andDirectorMasatakaNakazawa Prof.KazuroKikuchi ResearchInstituteofElectricalCommunication DepartmentofElectricalEngineering TohokuUniversity andInformationSystems Katahira2-1-1,Aoba-ku UniversityofTokyo 980-8577Sendai-shi,Miyagiken 7-3-1Hongo,Bunkyo-Ku Japan Tokyo113-8656 [email protected] Japan [email protected] Dr.TetsuyaMiyazaki NationalInstituteofInformation andCommunicationTechnology NewGenerationNetwork ResearchCenter Nukui-Kitamachi,Koganei4-2-1 184-8795Tokyo Japan [email protected] ISBN978-3-642-10418-3 e-ISBN978-3-642-10419-0 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-10419-0 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010930425 (cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2010 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9, 1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violations areliabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnot imply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotective lawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Coverdesign:eStudioCalamarS.L. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface ThegrowthofInternettrafficinrecentyearssurpassedthepredictionofonedecade ago.Datastreaminindividualcountriesalreadyreachedterabit/slevel.Tocopewith the petabit class demands of traffic in coming years the communication engineers arerequiredtogobeyondtheincrementalimprovementoftoday’stechnology. A most promising breakthrough would be the introduction of modulation for- matsenablinghigherspectralefficiencythanthatofbinaryon–offkeyingscheme, virtually the global standard of fiber-optic communication systems. In wireless communicationsystems,techniquesofhighspectraldensitymodulationhavebeen welldeveloped,buttherequiredtechniquesinopticalfrequencydomainaremuch morecomplicatedbecauseoftheheavierfluctuationlevels.Thereforethepasttrials of coherent optical modulation/detection schemes were not successful. However, the addition of high-speed digital signal processing technology is the fundamen- tal difference between now and two decades ago, when trials of optical coherent communication systems were investigated very seriously. This approach of digital coherent technology has attracted keen interest among communication specialists, asindicatedbytherapidincreaseinthepioneeringpresentationsatthepost-deadline sessionsofmajorinternationalconferences.Forexample,32terabit/stransmission inafiberexperimentbasedonthistechnologywasreportedinpost-deadlinesession ofOpticalFiberCommunicationConference(OFC)2009.Theadvancementofthe digitalcoherenttechnologieswillinevitablyaffectthenetworkarchitectureinterms of the network resource management for the new generation photonic networks, ratherthanwillsimplyprovidewithhugetransmissioncapacity. In order to discuss about the merits and the challenges of various modula- tion/detectionschemesenablinghighspectraldensitytransmission,aninternational workshopwasorganizedunderthesponsorshipofNICT.“InternationalWorkshop on High Density Optical Communication” was held in Tokyo Japan, June 25–26, 2008. Pioneering researchers from all over the world attended the workshop and discussedawiderangeoftopicsfromdevice,modulationformat,sub-system,and transmission systems. The presentations and discussions were very successful and wedecidedtopublishabook,inwhichindividualinvitedspeakerscontributetothe relevantchapters/sectionsbyextendingtheirviews. Thebookisaimedatprovidingwithextensiveoverviewsonthetheoreticaland theexperimentalaspectsofhighspectraldensityopticalcommunicationtechnology, v vi Preface whichshouldbeamostpromisingapproachforthenewgenerationlargecapacity photonicnetwork.Potentialreadersincluderesearchersinthefieldsofcommunica- tion,photonics,microwave,integratedcircuits,andnetworkarchitecture.Thebook will be useful also to the planners of future info-communication systems either in theindustry,publicinstitutions,oruniversities.Thebookcoverstheprinciplesand thehistoricalbackgroundofcoherenttransmission,soitshouldbevaluableforuni- versity students at graduate level, who wish to be acquainted with the frontier of opticalcommunication. The co-editors wish to express their thanks to Dr. Yuichi Matsushima, Vice PresidentofNationalInstituteofTechnology(Dr.MatsushimaisaProf.ofWaseda University from April 2010), and to Prof. Takeshi Kamiya, Professor Emeritus of theUniversityofTokyo,fortheirvaluableadviceandsupport. Sendai-shi,Japan MasatakaNakazawa Tokyo,Japan KazuroKikuchi Tokyo,Japan TetsuyaMiyazaki June2010 Contents PartI OverviewandSystemTechnologies 1 Social Demand of New Generation Information Network: IntroductiontoHighSpectralDensityOpticalCommunication Technology .................................................... 3 TakeshiKamiya,TetsuyaMiyazaki,andFumitoKubota 2 Coherent Optical Communications: Historical Perspectives andFutureDirections .......................................... 11 KazuroKikuchi 3 Ultrahigh Spectral Density Coherent Optical TransmissionTechnologies ...................................... 51 MasatakaNakazawa 4 “QuasiUltimate”Technique .................................... 81 TetsuyaMiyazaki 5 High-SpeedandHigh-CapacityOpticalTransmissionSystems ......103 PeterJ.WinzerandRene-JeanEssiambre PartII AdvancedModulationFormats 6 MultilevelSignalingwithDirectDetection ........................131 NobuhikoKikuchi 7 HighSpectralEfficiencyCoherentOpticalOFDM .................141 WilliamShiehandXingwenYi vii viii Contents 8 Polarization Division-Multiplexed Coherent Optical OFDM TransmissionEnabledbyMIMOProcessing ......................167 SanderL.JansenandItsuroMorita 9 No-Guard-Interval Coherent Optical OFDM with Frequency DomainEqualization ...........................................179 YutakaMiyamotoandYasuyukiTakatori 10 QPSK-BasedTransmissionSystem:Trade-OffsBetweenLinear andNonlinearImpairments .....................................191 TakeshiHoshidaandJensC.Rasmussen 11 Real-TimeDigitalCoherentQPSKTransmissionTechnologies ......203 TimoPfauandReinholdNoé 12 Challenge for Full Control of Polarization in Optical CommunicationSystems ........................................215 ShiroRyu PartIII Opto-electronicsDevices 13 Semiconductor Lasers for High-Density Optical CommunicationSystems ........................................229 HiroyukiUenohara 14 Monolithic InP Photonic Integrated Circuits for Transmitting orReceivingInformationwithAugmentedFidelityorSpectral Efficiency .....................................................251 C.R.Doerr 15 Integrated Mach–Zehnder Interferometer-Based Modulators forAdvancedModulationFormats...............................273 TetsuyaKawanishi 16 Key Devices for High-Speed Optical Communication andTheirApplicationtoTransceiverModule .....................287 HiroyukiMatsuura 17 ForwardErrorCorrection ......................................303 TakashiMizuochi Index .............................................................335 Contributors C.R. Doerr Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent, Holmdel, NJ 07748, USA, [email protected] Rene-Jean Essiambre Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent, Paris, France; 209Holmdel-KeyportRd.,Holmdel,NJ07733,USA,[email protected] Takeshi Hoshida Fujitsu Laboratories Limited, 1-1 Kamikodanaka 4-Chome, Nakahara-ku,Kawasaki211-8588,[email protected] Sander L. Jansen Nokia Siemens Networks, 81541 Munich, Germany, [email protected] Takeshi Kamiya National Institute of Information and Communications Technology(NICT),4-2-1Nukui-Kitamachi,Koganei,Tokyo184-8795,Japan, [email protected] Tetsuya Kawanishi National Institute of Information and Communications Technology(NICT),4-2-1Nukui-Kitamachi,Koganei,Tokyo184-8795,Japan, [email protected] Kazuro Kikuchi Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems,UniversityofTokyo,7-3-1Hongo,Bunkyo-Ku,Tokyo113-8656,Japan, [email protected] NobuhikoKikuchi CentralResearchLaboratory,HitachiLtd.,Higashi-Koigakubo 1-280,Kokubunji,Tokyo185-8601,Japan,[email protected] Fumito Kubota National Institute of Information and Communications Technology(NICT),4-2-1Nukui-Kitamachi,Koganei,Tokyo184-8795,Japan, [email protected] Hiroyuki Matsuura Department of Marketing, Communication Equipment Headquarters, Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan, [email protected] Yutaka Miyamoto NTT Network Innovation Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 1-1 Hikari-no-oka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 239-0847 Japan, [email protected] ix x Contributors TetsuyaMiyazaki NewGenerationNetworkResearchCenter,NationalInstitute ofInformationandCommunicationsTechnology(NICT),4-2-1,Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei,Tokyo,184-8795,Japan,[email protected] Takashi Mizuochi Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, 5-1-1 Ofuna, Kamakura, 247-8501Japan,[email protected] ItsuroMorita KDDIR&DLaboratories,Japan,[email protected] Masataka Nakazawa Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University,Katahira2-1-1,Aoba-ku,980-8577 Sendai-shi,Miyagiken, Japan,[email protected] Reinhold Noé University of Paderborn, EIM-E, Optical Communication and High-FrequencyEngineering,WarburgerStr.100,D-33098Paderborn,Germany, [email protected] TimoPfau BellLaboratories,Alcatel-Lucent,600-700MountainAve,Murray Hill,NJ07974,USA,[email protected] JensC.Rasmussen FujitsuLaboratoriesLimited,1-1Kamikodanaka4-Chome, Nakahara-ku,Kawasaki211-8588,[email protected] ShiroRyu NetworkDivision,SoftBankTelecomCorporation,1-9-1,Higashi- shimbashi,Minato-ku,Tokyo105-7316,Japan,[email protected] William Shieh The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia, [email protected] YasuyukiTakatori NTTNetworkInnovationLaboratories,NTTCorporation, 1-1Hikari-no-oka,Yokosuka,Kanagawa,239-0847Japan, [email protected] Hiroyuki Uenohara Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan, [email protected] PeterJ.Winzer BellLabs,Alcatel-Lucent,Paris,France;209Holmdel-Keyport Rd.,Holmdel,NJ07733,USA,[email protected] XingwenYi SchoolofCommunicationandInformationEngineering,University ofElectronicScienceandTechnologyofChina,Chengdu,Sichuan,611731,China, [email protected]
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