High Performance Textiles and Their Applications

244 Pages·2014·24.572 MB·English

by  Lawrence, C(Editor)

Latest Material
and Technological
Developments for
Activewear
Related titles
Lawrence, High Performance Textiles and Their Applications,
978-1-84569-180-6, 2014
McLoughlin, High-Performance Apparel, Materials,
Development, and Applications, 978-0-08-100904-8, 2017
Shishoo, Textiles for Sportswear, 978-1-78242-229-7, 2015
The Textile Institute Book Series
Latest Material
and Technological
Developments for
Activewear
Edited by
Joanne Yip
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Contents
Contributors xi
1 Introduction to activewear 1
Joanne Yip, Andrew Frank Lando
1.1 Introduction to activewear 1
1.2 Definition of activewear 1
1.3 Types of activewear 3
1.4 Market overview 8
1.4.1 North America market 10
1.4.2 UK market 12
1.4.3 Chinese market 13
1.5 Key factors that influence purchase intentions of activewear 14
1.5.1 Innovation 16
1.5.2 Fit 16
1.5.3 Durability 17
1.5.4 Design 17
1.5.5 Comfort 18
1.5.6 Versatility 18
1.6 Conclusion 19
References 19
2 Activewear designs and innovations 25
Nico Liu
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Functional brands: their innovative products 26
2.2.1 Nike 26
2.2.2 Adidas 27
2.2.3 Under amour 28
2.2.4 Puma 31
2.2.5 Lululemon Athletica 32
2.3 Functional brands: from function to fashion 34
2.3.1 Nike 34
2.3.2 Adidas 34
2.4 Fashion brands: activewear collections 35
2.4.1 Zara 36
2.4.2 H&M 37
2.5 Lingerie brands: activewear collections 37
2.5.1 Victoria sport 37
2.5.2 CW-X 38
2.6 Athletic leisurewear trends 40
2.7 Conclusions 41
References 42
vi Contents
3 Textile fibers and fabrics 47
Joanne Yip, Wing-Yu Chan
3.1 Introduction 47
3.2 Materials requirements of activewear 47
3.2.1 Common types of fibers 49
3.2.2 Innovative types of fibers 50
3.2.3 Innovative types of fabrics 56
3.2.4 Fabric finishing 60
3.3 Innovations for sustainability 64
3.3.1 Recycling 64
3.3.2 Replacing unsustainable materials 65
3.4 Conclusion 68
References 68
4 Narrow fabric elastics and accessories for activewear 73
Joanne Yip, Olivia Ho-Yi Fung, Tsz-ling Ng
4.1 Introduction 73
4.2 Functionality in activewear 73
4.2.1 Support of the breasts 73
4.2.2 Ease of movement 77
4.2.3 User-friendliness 78
4.3 Esthetics 81
4.4 Smart technology 84
4.5 Conclusion 87
References 87
5 Evaluation of perceived comfort and functional performance
of activewear 89
Rong Liu, Elaine Fung, Younus Saher
5.1 Introduction 89
5.2 Process of perception of comfort 90
5.3 Methods of evaluating perceived comfort 91
5.3.1 Likert scale 92
5.3.2 Visual analogue scale 93
5.4 Evaluation of functional performance: fabric level (2D) 93
5.4.1 Physical–mechanical performance 93
5.4.2 Thermo-moisture properties and evaluation 98
5.4.3 Chemical (or biochemical) properties and
evaluation 101
5.5 Evaluation of functional performances: clothing level (3D) 103
5.5.1 Manikin assessment in climatic chamber 104
5.5.2 Psycho-physiological evaluation in human trials 104
5.5.3 Biomechanical evaluation in wear trials 108
5.6 Conclusion 113
References 114
Contents vii
6 Compression technology 119
Kit-lun Yick
6.1 Introduction 119
6.2 Current design of compression activewear 122
6.2.1 Cross-training compression tights 122
6.2.2 Running compression tights 123
6.2.3 Training and sports tights 124
6.2.4 Cycling compression tights 124
6.2.5 Compression activewear for swimming 126
6.3 Pressure induced by compression activewear 126
6.3.1 Experimental 127
6.3.2 Results of pressure evaluation 128
6.4 Problems in designing compression activewear 131
6.4.1 Variations in body shapes 131
6.4.2 Changes in body movements 131
6.4.3 Loss of fabric elasticity 132
6.4.4 Evaluation of garment pressure 132
6.4.5 Subjective perception of garment discomfort 133
6.5 Conclusion 134
References 135
7 3D printing technologies: current applications, future trends,
and challenges 139
Lushan Sun
7.1 Introduction 139
7.2 Integrating 3D printing with 3D CAD modeling 139
7.2.1 Fully 3D printed activewear with direct 3D CAD modeling 140
7.2.2 Fully 3D printed activewear with computational 3D modeling 141
7.2.3 3D partially printed activewear with direct 3D CAD modeling 142
7.2.4 3D printing integrated footwear with computational
3D modeling 144
7.2.5 3D fully printed footwear with computational 3D modeling 144
7.3 Technology and material capabilities in activewear prototyping 146
7.4 Advantages of 3D printing activewear and skills involved 148
7.4.1 Design complexity and efficiency 148
7.4.2 Skills and knowledge for 3D printing activewear 149
7.5 Conclusion 150
References 151
8 Activewear design for competition: case study for Hong Kong
rowing team 153
Chu-po Ho, Vannesa Chu
8.1 Introduction 153
8.2 Specific requirements of rowing as a sport 153
8.2.1 Biomechanics of rowing 154
8.2.2 Design requirements of rowing uniform 154
viii Contents
8.3 Design and development of new uniform for Hong Kong rowing team 156
8.3.1 Size and fit 156
8.3.2 Material 159
8.3.3 Design details 160
8.4 Evaluation of new prototype 162
8.5 Conclusion 167
References 168
9 Yoga bra design for elderly women 173
Newman Lau, Jun Zhang, Joanne Yip, Winnie Yu
9.1 Basic requirements for yoga bra design 173
9.2 Design and development of new yoga bra for older women 177
9.2.1 Psychological needs 177
9.2.2 Physical needs 178
9.2.3 Material selection 182
9.2.4 Design sketches 185
9.3 Conclusion 188
9.4 Future plans 188
References 188
10 An innovative tank top equipped with biofeedback system
for adolescents with early scoliosis 193
Joanne Yip, Garcia Kwok
10.1 Introduction 193
10.2 Literature review 194
10.2.1 Introduction on scoliosis 195
10.2.2 Scoliosis treatment 195
10.2.3 Bracing therapy problems 197
10.2.4 Patient compliance 197
10.2.5 Behavioral methods for compliance enhancement 198
10.2.6 Noninvasive treatment: bracing therapy 198
10.3 Importance of correcting posture 199
10.3.1 Prevalence of poor posture and possible reasons 199
10.3.2 Corrected standing posture 200
10.3.3 Correct sitting posture 200
10.4 Biofeedback systems 200
10.4.1 Introduction on biofeedback systems 200
10.4.2 Surface electromyography 202
10.4.3 Application of biofeedback system on scoliosis subjects 202
10.5 Experimental design and results 204
10.5.1 Section summary 204
10.5.2 Experimental design 205
10.5.3 Design sketch and description of body mapping for tank-top 205
Contents ix
10.5.4 Material selection and physical testing results 205
10.5.5 Posture monitoring sensors 214
10.5.6 Wear trial and evaluation 215
10.6 Conclusion 218
References 220
Index 225