High Entropy Alloys-Innovations, Advances, and Applications

759 Pages·2020·294.472 MB·English

by  T.S. Srivatsan (Editor), Manoj Gupta (Editor)

Contents Contents
High Entropy Alloys

High Entropy Alloys
Innovations, Advances, and Applications
Edited by
T.S. Srivatsan and Manoj Gupta
First edition published 2020
by CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Srivatsan, T. S., editor. | Gupta, M. (Manoj), editor.
Title: High entropy alloys : innovations, advances, and applications /
edited by T. S. Srivatsan and Manoj Gupta.
Description: Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020. | Includes bibliographical
references and index. | Summary: “The book gives a cohesive overview of
innovations, advances in processing and characterization, and
applications for high entropy alloys (HEAs) in performance-critical and
non-performance-critical sectors. It covers manufacturing and
processing, advanced characterization and analysis techniques and
evaluation of mechanical and physical properties”--Provided by
publisher.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019054139 (print) | LCCN 2019054140 (ebook) | ISBN
9780367356330 (hardback : acid-free paper) | ISBN 9780367374426 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Alloys. | Order-disorder in alloys.
Classification: LCC TN690 .H575 2020 (print) | LCC TN690 (ebook) | DDC
669/.9--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019054139
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019054140
ISBN: 978-0-367-35633-0 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-37442-6 (ebk)
Typeset in Times
by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India
Contents
Preface.......................................................................................................................ix
Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................xv
Editors ....................................................................................................................xvii
Contributors ............................................................................................................xxi
High Entropy Alloys: An Overview on Current Developments ..................1
Gaurav Kumar Bansal, Avanish Kumar Chandan, Gopi Kishor
Mandal, and Vikas Chandra Srivastava
SECTION A Innovations
Chapter 1 Interstitial Alloy Structuring of High Entropy Alloys .......................71
A.D. Pogrebnjak and A.A. Bagdasaryan
Chapter 2 Processing Challenges and Properties of Lightweight High
Entropy Alloys ...................................................................................95
Khin Sandar Tun, Manoj Gupta, and T.S. Srivatsan
Chapter 3 High Entropy Alloys in Bulk Form: Processing Challenges and
Possible Remedies ............................................................................125
Reshma Sonkusare, Surekha Yadav, N.P. Gurao, and
Krishanu Biswas
SECTION B Advances
Chapter 4 Effect of Carbon Addition on the Microstructure and Properties
of CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloys .............................................171
Rahul Ravi and Srinivasa Rao Bakshi
Chapter 5 Role of Processing and Silicon Addition to CoCrCuFeNiSi
x
High Entropy Alloys ........................................................................207
Anil Kumar and Manoj Chopkar
v
vi Contents
Chapter 6 The Corrosion and Thermal Behavior of AlCr CuNi FeCo
1.5 2 x
High Entropy Alloys ........................................................................235
Vikas Kukshal, Amar Patnaik, and I.K. Bhat
Chapter 7 Examining, Analyzing, Interpreting, and Understanding the
Fracture Resistance of High Entropy Alloys ...................................251
Weidong Li
Chapter 8 Thermodynamics of High Entropy Alloys .......................................287
K. Guruvidyathri and B.S. Murty
Chapter 9 Electrodeposition of High Entropy Alloy Coatings:
Microstructure and Corrosion Properties .......................................313
Ahmed Aliyu, M.Y. Rekha, and Chandan Srivastava
Chapter 10 Understanding Disordered Multicomponent Solid Solutions or
High Entropy Alloys Using X-Ray Diffraction ................................329
Anandh Subramaniam, Rameshwari Naorem, Anshul Gupta,
Sukriti Mantri, K.V. Mani Krishna, and Kantesh Balani
Chapter 11 Microstructure and Cracking Noise in High Entropy Alloys ..........355
Rui Xuan Li and Yong Zhang
SECTION C Applications
Chapter 12 Benefits of the Selection and Use of High Entropy Alloys for
High-Temperature Thermoelectric Applications .............................383
Samrand Shafeie and Sheng Guo
Chapter 13 Fatigue Behavior of High Entropy Alloys: A Review ......................411
K. Liu, S.S. Nene, Shivakant Shukla, and R.S. Mishra
Chapter 14 Functional Properties of High Entropy Alloys ................................429
Anirudha Karati, Joydev Manna, Soumyaranajan Mishra, and
B.S. Murty
Contents vii
Chapter 15 High Entropy Alloys: Challenges in Commercialization and the
Road Ahead ......................................................................................473
P. Neelima, S.V.S. Narayana Murty, P. Chakravarthy, and
T.S. Srivatsan
Chapter 16 Fracture and Fatigue Behavior of High Entropy Alloys:
A Comprehensive Review ................................................................547
Kalyan Kumar Ray
Chapter 17 Welding of High Entropy Alloys—Techniques, Advantages, and
Applications: A Review ....................................................................599
R. Sokkalingam, K. Sivaprasad, and V. Muthupandi
Chapter 18 High Entropy Alloys: A Potentially Viable Magnetic Material .......655
Rohit R. Shahi and Rajesh K. Mishra
Chapter 19 High Entropy Alloy Fibers Having High Tensile Strength
and Ductility .....................................................................................689
Dong Yue Li and Yong Zhang
Chapter 20 A Useful Review of High Entropy Films .........................................703
Xue Hui Yan and Yong Zhang
Index ......................................................................................................................723

Preface
In the domain enveloping alloy development, consolidation and selection for the pur-
pose of use in a spectrum of products and/or applications has traditionally relied on
the existence of a solvent element to which various solute atoms are added for the
purpose of either achieving or merely improving specified properties of the resul-
tant alloy. This gradually led to the development and emergence of alloys that were
either named or identified based on the major element in the alloy i.e., aluminum
(Al)-base alloys, copper (Cu)-base alloys, iron (Fe)-base alloys, magnesium (Mg)-
base alloys, and nickel (Ni)-base alloys. Sustained research and development efforts,
particularly in the domain enveloping innovation induced Professor Brian Cantor
and Professor Jien-Weh Yeh to not only investigate, but to also study, multicompo-
nent solid solutions i.e., alloys having equal, or near-equal, molar ratios, during their
investigation way back in 1981 and 1995. These two research scholars eventually
published the outcome and findings of their research study in scientific journals in
2004. According to these two researchers, their “unique” alloys, in direct contrast
to the traditional alloys, based on one or two principal elements, had one striking
characteristic i.e., an unusually high entropy of mixing. These two researchers opted
to name their new class of alloys “high entropy alloys” (HEAs). Through the years
since first being found and their eventual emergence, these alloys have attracted con-
siderable interest and attention among academicians, researchers and technologists
spread through the domains of academic institutions, national research laboratories,
and industries. Interestingly, much prior to the publication of the papers of these two
researchers in 2004, Professor S. Ranganathan (associated with the Indian Institute
of Science [Bangalore, India]) felt the importance of this new class of alloys and
wrote about them in his classic paper “Alloyed Pleasures: Multimetallic Cocktails”
in 2003. This paper has through the years been cited a few hundred times as the
first publication on this class of alloys i.e., high entropy alloys. Professor Jien-Weh
Yeh was the first to refer to these alloys as “high entropy alloys” (HEAs) since the
configurational entropy of these alloys was expected to be high for a random solution
state. Such a high entropy was expected to be conducive for the formation of simple
solid solutions (crystalline or amorphous) rather than complex microstructures hav-
ing many compounds. The emergence of these alloys did get interest, attention, and
contributions from many researchers, as is evident from the fact that the last decade
alone has seen several hundred papers being published on HEAs achieved through
various elemental combinations. The significant outcomes from the research studies
conducted to date are the following:
(i) The alloys do form simple solid solutions in most cases, and
(ii) The number of phases observed in these alloys is noticeably less than the
maximum predicted from the use of Gibbs phase rule.
ix