high angle of attack maneuvering and stabilization control of aircraft a thesis submitted to the ...

313 Pages·2007·4.42 MB·English

HIGH ANGLE OF ATTACK MANEUVERING
AND STABILIZATION CONTROL OF AIRCRAFT

A THESIS SUBMITTED TO
THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES
OF
MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

BY

ÖZGÜR ATEŞOĞLU

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR
THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

JULY 2007
Approval of the Thesis

“HIGH ANGLE OF ATTACK MANEUVERING
AND STABILIZATION CONTROL OF AIRCRAFT”

Submitted by ÖZGÜR ATEŞOĞLU in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy in Mechanical Engineering by,

Prof. Dr. Canan ÖZGEN
Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences __________________________

Prof. Dr. S. Kemal İDER
Head of Department, Mechanical Engineering __________________________

Prof. Dr. M. Kemal ÖZGÖREN
Supervisor, Mechanical Engineering Dept., METU __________________________

Examining Committee Members:

Prof. Dr. Bülent E. PLATİN (*)
Mechanical Engineering Dept., METU __________________________

Prof. Dr. M. Kemal ÖZGÖREN (**)
Mechanical Engineering Dept., METU __________________________

Prof. Dr. M. Kemal LEBLEBİCİOĞLU
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dept., METU __________________________

Prof. Dr. Tuna BALKAN
Mechanical Engineering Dept., METU __________________________

Asst. Prof. Dr. Yakup ÖZKAZANÇ
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dept., HÜ __________________________

Date: __________________________

(*) Head of Examining Committee
(**) Supervisor
PLAGIARISM

I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and
presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also
declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and
referenced all material and results that are not original to this work.

Name, Last Name : Özgür ATEŞOĞLU
Signature :

iii
ABSTRACT

HIGH ANGLE OF ATTACK MANEUVERING
AND STABILIZATION CONTROL OF AIRCRAFT

ATEŞOĞLU, Özgür
Ph. D., Department of Mechanical Engineering
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. M. Kemal ÖZGÖREN
July 2007, 281 pages

In this study, the implementation of modern control techniques, that can be
used both for the stable recovery of the aircraft from the undesired high angle of
attack flight state (stall) and the agile maneuvering of the aircraft in various air
combat or defense missions, are performed. In order to accomplish this task, the
thrust vectoring control (TVC) actuation is blended with the conventional
aerodynamic controls. The controller design is based on the nonlinear dynamic
inversion (NDI) control methodologies and the stability and robustness analyses are
done by using robust performance (RP) analysis techniques. The control
architecture is designed to serve both for the recovery from the undesired stall
condition (the stabilization controller) and to perform desired agile maneuvering
(the attitude controller). The detailed modeling of the aircraft dynamics,
aerodynamics, engines and thrust vectoring paddles, as well as the flight
environment of the aircraft and the on-board sensors is performed. Within the
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control loop the human pilot model is included and the design of a fly-by-wire
controller is also investigated. The performance of the designed stabilization and
attitude controllers are simulated using the custom built 6 DoF aircraft flight
simulation tool. As for the stabilization controller, a forced deep-stall flight
condition is generated and the aircraft is recovered to stable and pilot controllable
flight regimes from that undesired flight state. The performance of the attitude
controller is investigated under various high angle of attack agile maneuvering
conditions. Finally, the performances of the proposed controller schemes are
discussed and the conclusions are made.
Keywords: High Alpha Maneuvering, Thrust Vectoring Control (TVC), Nonlinear
Inverse Dynamics (NID), Robust Performance (RP) Analysis, Human Pilot.
v
ÖZ

UÇAKLARIN YÜKSEK HÜCUM AÇISINDA
MANEVRA VE STABİLİZASYON DENETİMİ

ATEŞOĞLU, Özgür
Doktora, Makina Mühendisliği Bölümü
Tez Yöneticisi: Prof. Dr. M. Kemal ÖZGÖREN
Temmuz 2007, 281 sayfa

Bu çalışmada, uçakların yüksek hücum açılarında denetimi için modern
yöntemler kullanılarak denetleyici tasarımları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denetleyiciler
hem stabilizasyon hem de yönelim denetiminde kullanılabilecek yapıda
tasarlanmıştır. Tasarlanan denetleyiciler, uçakları istenmeden karşılaşılan ve
oldukça tehlikeli olabilecek yüksek hücum açılarındaki uçuşlardan kurtarmak ve
pilot tarafından kolaylıkla denetlenebilecek kararlı uçuş durumlarına getirmekte
kullanılabildiği gibi, aynı zamanda, savaş ve savunma uçuşlarında yüksek hücum
açılarında gerçekleştirilen çevik manevraların denetiminde de kullanılabilmektedir.
Denetim itki vektörü denetimi (İVD) yöntemi ile geleneksel aerodinamik kontrol
eyleticileri harmanlanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denetim tasarımında doğrusal
olmayan evrik dinamik (DOED) yöntemi kullanılmış ve dayanıklılık analizleri
yapılmıştır. Hava aracının dinamiği, aerodinamiği, motoru, itki yönlendirme
pedalları, uçuş ortamı ve üzerindeki algılayıcılar detaylı olarak modellenmiş ve 6
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serbestlik dereceli bir hava aracı uçuş benzetimi sentezlenmiştir. Bu modellere pilot
modeli de eklenmiş ve denetim yapılarının pilot modeli ile birlikte dayanıklılık
analizleri yapılmıştır. Stabilizasyon denetimi için hava aracı bilerek istenmeyen bir
yüksek hücum açısında uçuş durumuna itilmiş ve buradan denetim yardımı ile
kurtarılarak kararlı ve kolay denetlenebilir uçuş rejimlerine çekilmiştir. Yönelim
denetiminin başarımı ise yüksek hücum açılarında yapılan farklı çevik manevra
benzetimleri ile gösterilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen benzetimlerin sonuçları incelenmiş
ve tasarlanan denetim yapılarının başarımları yorumlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yüksek Hücum Açılarında Manevralar, İtki Vektörü Denetimi
(İVD), Doğrusal Olmayan Evrik Dinamik (DOED), Dayanıklılık Başarım Analizi,
Pilot Modeli.

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In the Name of My Beloved Father

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Above all, I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. Dr.
M. Kemal ÖZGÖREN for his guidance, helpful suggestions, encouragements,
valuable interaction and feedbacks throughout the study.
I would also like to thank to my Thesis Supervising Committee members,
Prof. Dr. Bülent E. PLATİN and Prof. Dr. M. Kemal LEBLEBİCİOĞLU for their
constructive comments and guidance throughout my study. Furthermore, I would
like to thank to my thesis jury committee members Prof. Dr. Tuna BALKAN and
Asst. Prof. Dr. Yakup ÖZKAZANÇ for their contributions.
I would like to thank to my colleague Dr. Volkan NALBANTOĞLU for his
prompt comments and feedbacks, and also, my manager and colleagues and friends
from Aselsan MGEO for their help and friendship.
In addition, I am indebted to my family to form a part of my vision of life
and teach me to do the things at my best rate. Also, I am thankful to my father, and
his happy memory, to teach the strong, straight and joyful side of life from the
mathematics point of view.
Finally, my sincere gratitude is dedicated to the cosmological Prime Mover
for giving me the inspiration to begin and the desire to conclude this thesis work.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................iv
ÖZ.............................................................................................................................vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS........................................................................................ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS...........................................................................................x
LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................xiii
LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................xiv
LIST OF SYMBOLS............................................................................................xxiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................xxx
CHAPTER
1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................1
1.1. The Scope of the Study...........................................................................1
1.2. Controlling the Aircraft...........................................................................2
1.2.1. Basic Flight Maneuvers...............................................................4
1.2.2. Basic Flight Maneuvers for Fighters...........................................6
1.3. The Fundamentals of Air Combat Maneuvers......................................10
1.3.1. Basic Air Combat (Fighter) Maneuvers....................................15
1.3.2. Basic Air Combat Tactics..........................................................18
1.4. High Angle of Attack Aerodynamics....................................................21
1.5. High Angle of Attack Maneuvering Control........................................26
1.5.1. Dynamic Inverse Controller Design..........................................35
x