Herpes Simplex Virus Protocols

417 Pages·1998·20.79 MB·English

by  June Harland

sepreH Simplex Virus Protocols
METHODS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE"
John M. Walker, SE~RES ROTIDE
.01 Herpes Simplex Virus Protocols, edited by .S Moira Brown
and Alasdair R. MacLean, 1997
.9 Lectin Methods and Protocols, edited by Jonathan M. Rhodes
and Jeremy D. Milton, 1997
8. Helicobacter pylori Protocols, edited by Christopher L. Clayton
and Harry L. .T Mobtey, 1997
.7 Gene Therapy Protocols, edited by Paul D. Robbins, 1997
.6 Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, editbeyd Finbarr Cotter, 1996
5. Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases, edited by
Rob Elles, 1996
.4 Vaccine Protocols, edited by Andrew Robinson, Graham H. Farrar,
and Christopher N. Wiblin, 1996
.3 Prion Diseases, edited by Harry F Baker and
Rosalind M. Ridley, 1996
.2 Human Cell Culture Protocols, edited by Gareth E. Jones, 1996
.1 Antisense Therapeutics, edited by Sudhir Agrawal, 1996
sepreH Simplex Virus
slocotorP
Edited by
.S Moira Brown
and
Alasdair .R MacLean
ytisrevinU of ,wogsalG ,dnaltocS KU
anamuH sserP -~
Totowa, weN Jersey
© 1998 Humana Press Inc.
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Cover illustration: Fig. 1A-D from Chapter 11, "Direct Immunogold Labeling of Herpesvirus Suspensions,"
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Library of Congress Cataloging in P~lblication Data
Main entry under title:
Methods in molecular medicine,,,.
Herpes simplex virus protocols/edited by S. Moira Brown and Alasdair R. MacLean.
p. em.---(Metbods in molecular medicine; t0)
Includes index.
ISBN T (alk. paper)
.1 Herpes simplex virus--Laboratory manuals. I. Brown, S. Moira. II. MacLean, Alasdair R.
IIl. Series.
[DNLM: .1 Herpes Simplex~iagnosis. 2. Simplexvirus--physiology.
WC 578 H5633 1998]
QR400.2.H47H46 1998
616'.019d~dc21
DNLM/DLC
for Library of Congress 97-35999
CIP
Preface
Herpes Simplex Virus Protocols comprises a wide range of experimental
protocols that should be especially useful to new workers in herpes virology.
Hopefully, it will also provide information for those with experience in the
field, as well as those embarking on techniques that are new to them.
Obviously the range of topics covered cannot be comprehensive, but we
have tried to provide protocols dealing with those procedures that are most
widely used; and we have selected expert authors accordingly. We have also
tried to cover the range from the more biological in vivo maneuvers to purely
molecular procedures, taking into account the topical interest in the potential
use of HSV as a therapeutic tool. In this way there should be sufficient infor-
mation for most procedures the average herpes virologist is likely to require----
at least at this moment in time!
Since the herpesviruses are a large family, we have largely based the
protocols on the virus we know best--herpes simplex virus. With this as the
prototype, it should be relatively easy to extrapolate and make the necessary
modifications required for application to some of the other herpesviruses,
especially members of the alpha group, such as PRV and EHV. It would have
been an impossible task to include chapters covering the unique aspects of
each known herpesvirus.
The point of this series, Methods' ni Molecular Medicine, is to provide a
reference source in which a procedure should be able to be followed from A to Z
without having to refer to other literature. Much detail is therefore provided, and
the pitfalls and shortcuts--which are never mentioned in papers--are
addressed as fully as possible. Naturally, many of the methods are now
standard and can be found in any molecular biology textbook, but the additional
details required for their application to HSV have been provided where necessary.
Like most other scientific disciplines over the last 01 yr, the expansion
in technology and knowledge in the herpes field has been exponential. Kits
are now available for just about every procedure but, thankfully, we have not
yet reached the stage where books of this type are no longer required. It is
essential for young virologists to understand what they are doing at the bench,
as well as why they are doing it, and this practical experience is what we hope
to foster here.
vi Preface
Our grateful thanks go to the numerous people who have contributed to
this volume eitherw illingly or under pressure! John Subak-Sharpe introduced
me to HSV in 1968. Subsequently, in 1984, Alasdair MacLean came to my lab
as a graduate student. We, along with many other herpes virologists world-
wide, are indebted to John.
S. Moira Brown
Alasdair R. MacLean
Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................. v
Contributors ..................................................................................................... ix
1 HSV Growth, Preparation, and Assay
June Harland and S. Moira Brown ....................................................... 1
2 HSV Entry and Spread
Christine A. MacLean ............................................................................ 9
3 Preparation of HSV-DNA and Production of Infectious Virus
Alasdair R. MacLean ............................................................................ 19
4 HSV Mutagenesis
Robert S. Coffin .................................................................................... 27
5 Saturating Mutagenesis and Characterization of a Herpesvirus
Genome Using nI Vivo Reconstitution of Virus from Cloned
Subgenomic Regions
Niels de Wind, Maddy van Zijl, and Anton Berns ............................. 43
6 Construction and esU of Cell Lines Expressing HSV Genes
Claire Entwisle ...................................................................................... 89
7 Analysis of HSV Polypeptides
Lars Haarr and Nina Langeland ......................................................... 97
8 Protein Purification
Joseph Conner ................................................................................... 121
9 Expression and Purification of Secreted Forms of HSV
Glycoproteins from Baculovirus-lnfected Insect Cells
Sharon H. Willis, Charline Peng, Manuel Ponce de Leon,
Anthony .V Nicola, Ann H. Rux, Gary H. Cohen,
and Roselyn J. Eisenberg ............................................................. 131
01 Crystallization of Macromolecules for Three-Dimensional Structure
Determination
Ben Luisi, Marie Anderson, and Graham Hope .............................. 157
11 Direct Immunogold Labeling of Herpesvirus Suspensions
Linda M. Stannard .............................................................................. 173
viii Contents
12 Expression of HSV Proteins in Bacteria
Elizabeth A. McKie ............................................................................. 185
13 In Vitro Systems to Analyze HSV Transcript Processing
Anne Phelan and J. Barklie Clements ............................................. 193
14 Analysis of HSV-1 Transcripts by RNA-PCR
Jordan G. Spivack .............................................................................. 205
15 Transient Assays for HSV Origin and Replication Protein Function
Nigel D. Stow ...................................................................................... 215
16 HSV Amplicons in Gene Therapy
Niza Frenkel and Ronit Sarid ............................................................ 227
17 Analyses of HSV Proteins for Posttranslationaf Modifications
and Enzyme Functions
John A. Blaho and Bernard Roizman .............................................. 237
18 HSV-Cellular Protein Interactions
David S. Latchman ............................................................................. 257
19 Models of Recurrent Infection with HSV in the Skin and Eye
of the Mouse
Terry J. Hill and Carolyn Shimeld .................................................... 273
20 Pathogenesis and Molecular Biology of HSV Latency and Ocular
Reactivation in the Rabbit
James M. Hill, Renjie Wen, and William P. Halford ........................ 291
12 HSV Latency In Vitro: In Situ Hybridization Methods
Christine L. Wilcox and R. L. Smith ................................................. 317
22 Assessing Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to HSV
in Murine Systems
Theresa A. Banks, Mangala J. Hariharan, and Barry T. Rouse ... 327
23 Assays for HSV Gene Expression During Establishment
and Maintenance of Latent Infection
Peter Speck and Stacey Efstathiou ................................................. 345
24 Analysis of HSV-DNA and RNA Using the Polymerase Chain
Reaction
Ramesh Ramakrishnan, David J. Fink, and Myron Levine .......... 355
25 HSV Vectors for Gene Therapy
David C. Bloom ................................................................................... 369
26 Investigation of the Anti-HSV Activity of Candidate Antiviral Agents
Derrick J. Dargan ............................................................................... 387
Index ............................................................................................................ 407
Contributors
MRC Virology ,tinU Institute of ,ygoloriV ,wogsalG
MARIE ANDERSON
•
Scotland, KU
Department of and Genetic Chiron Therapeutics, Viral
THERESA A. BANKS •
seigolonhceT Center for Disease ,yparehT naS Diego, ,AC
Division of Molecular Genetics, ehT Netherlands Cancer
ANTON BEANS •
Amsterdam, Institute, ehT Netherlands
Department of Sinai Mount School Microbiology,
JOHN A. BLAHO °
of New Medicine, ,kroY NY
Department of Immunology, and Microbiology Reed
DAVID C. BLOOM °
Research Neurological Centre, ALCU Angeles, Los Medical Centre, AC
Laboratories, Research University Neurovirology
S. MOIRA BROWN °
of ,wogsalG Institute of Southern Sciences, Neurological General
Scotland, Hospital, Glasgow, KU
Division of ,ygoloriV IBLS, Institute of ,ygoloriV
J. BARKLIE CLEMENTS •
University of ,wogsalG Scotland, KU
Department of School Microbiology, of Dental Medicine,
GARY H. COHEN °
ytisrevinU of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, AP
ehT London, Institute, Windeyer KU
ROBERT S. COFFIN •
Department of Institute Sciences, Biological of ,ygoloriV
JOSEPH CONNER °
Scotland, Glasgow, Caledonian University, Glasgow KU
MRC Virology ,tinU Institute of ,ygoloriV University
DERRICK J. DAR~AN "
of ,wogsalG Scotland, KU
Division of ,ygoloriV Department of Pathology,
STAGEY EFSTATHIOU °
University of ,egdirbmaC KU
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary
ROSELYN J. EISENI3ERG °
Medicine, University of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, AP
Park, Science Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge Cantab
CLAIRE ENTWISLE
°
,egdirbmaC England KU
Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, PA
DAVID J. F1NK °
Department of Immunology, and Research Cell leT Aviv
N1zA FRENKEL •
,ytisrevinU Ramat Aviv, leT Aviv, Israel
National Centre for Research ni Virology, University
LARS HAARR •
of Bergen, Bergen High Bergen, Norway Centre, Technology
ix
x Contributors
,ygoloiborciM Parisitology, Immunology, and
WILLIAM P. HALFORD *
Medical School Center State Louisiana University of ,enicideM
New Orleans, AL
oflmmunobiology, Department Chiron
MANGALA J. HARIHARAN *
Center Technologies for Disease ,yparehT naS Diego, AC
Institute of Southern Sciences, Neurological General
JUNE HARLAND °
Laboratories, Research Hospital, University Neurovirology of ,wogsalG
Scotland, KU
;ygolomlahtpO Microbiology, ,ygolonummI
JAMES M. HILL °
Experimental and Pharmacology Parisitology; and and ,scitueparehT
Medical School Center State Louisiana University of ,enicideM
New Orleans, AL
Department of School Microbiology, and Pathology
TERRY J. HILL °
of Science, Medical University of Bristol, KU
MRC Virology ,tinU Institute of ,ygoloriV ,wogsalG
GRAHAM HOPE °
Scotland, KU
National Centre for Research ni University Virology,
NINA LANGELAND *
of Bergen, Bergen High Norway Bergen, Centre, Technology
Department of Molecular Pathology, University
DAVID S. LATCHMAN °
,egelloC London, KU
Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan
MYRON LEVlNE °
Medical School, nnA Arbor, MI
MRC Virology ,tinU Institute of ,ygoloriV Scotland, Glasgow,
BEN LUISl °
;KU Present ".sserddA Department of Biochemistry, University
of ,egdirbmaC KU
Division of ,ygoloriV Institute IBLS, of ,ygoloriV
ALASDAIR R. MACLEAN °
University of ,wogsalG Scotland, KU
Department University of ,ygolorueN Institute
CHRISTINE A. MACLEAN °
of Hospital Southern General Sciences, Neurological NHS ,tsurT
,wogsalG Scotland, KU
Research Institute Laboratories, Neurovirology
ELIZABETH A. McKIE •
of Hospital, Southern Neurological Sciences, General University
of ,wogsalG Scotland, KU
Department of Microbiology and Center for Oral
ANTHONY V. NICOLA °
Research, Health University of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, AP
Department of Microbiology and Center for Health Oral
CHARLINE PENG °
Research, University of PA Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
Division of ,ygoloriV IBLS, Institute of ,ygoloriV University
ANNE PHELAN •
of Scotland, Glasgow, KU