Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Methods and Protocols

301 Pages·2000·1.49 MB·English

by  Valery Usatoff, Nagy A. Habib (auth.), Nagy A. Habib (eds.)

Hepatocellular Carcinoma
TM
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TM
M E T H O D S I N M O L E C U L A R M E D I C I N E
Hepatocellular
Carcinoma
Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Nagy A. Habib
Liver Surgery Section, Imperial College School of Medicine,
Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Hepatocellular carcinoma: methods and protocols / edited by Nagy A. Habib.
p. ; cm. -- (Methods in molecular medicine ; 45)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-89603-785-1 (alk. paper)
1. Liver--Cancer--Research--Methodology. I. Habib, Nagy A. II. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Carcinoma, Hepatocellular--etiology. 2. Carcinoma,
Hepatocellular--genetics. 3. Carcinoma, Hepatocellular--therapy. 4. Gene
Therapy--methods. WI 735 H5295 2000]
RC280.L5 H456 2000
616.99'436--dc21
99-052577
Preface
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Methods and Protocols outlines the research
methods applied in the laboratories and clinics of those scientists and clini-
cians interested in the understanding and clinical management of patients with
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Part I, The Clinical Problem, has been contributed by two leading clini-
cal groups who have identified and addressed problem areas related to the
management of HCC patients. Various treatment modalities are discussed
and emphasis is placed on the limitations they experienced.
Part II, HCC Carcinogenesis, reviews the main etiological factors
related to hepatitis B and hepatitis C.
Part III, Molecular and Biological Characteristics, provides insight into
the molecular changes associated with HCC, including tumor-suppressor genes,
oncogenes, adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinase, and novel genes
and markers.
Part IV, HCC Gene Therapy, addresses gene therapy approaches to treating
hepatocellular carcinoma. It includes the use of various vectors, such as lipids,
viruses such as adenoviruses and baculoviruses, and virus detection using elec-
tron microscopy assessment. The use of adenovirus with specific promotors, such
as AFP, is also included. Preclinical and clinical data on the killing of cancer cells
using tumor-suppressor genes, antisense to growth factors, immunogene therapy,
or virus-directed enzyme prodrug therapy are addressed.
Part V, Clinical Protocol for p53 Gene Therapy for Liver Tumors, offers
a future perspective on how to treat the failing liver, which is the principal
source of mortality in these patients. It includes gene therapy approaches for
use in patients suffering from hypoalbuminemia, abnormal clotting, low platelet
count, and viral hepatitis DNA vaccinations.
There is no doubt that advances in molecular characterization, novel gene
isolation, and gene therapy will improve the services we can provide to
patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma and ultimately working
toward its prevention.
Nagy A. Habib
v
Contents
Preface .............................................................................................................v
Contributors ..................................................................................................... xi
PART I. THE CLINICAL PROBLEM
1 Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Clinical Problem
Valery Usatoff and Nagy A. Habib ....................................................... 3
2 Medical Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Stephen M. Riordan and Roger Williams.......................................... 21
PART II. HCC CARCINOGENESIS
3 Possible Involvement of the NS3 Protein of Hepatitis C Virus
in Hepatocarcinogenesis: Its Interaction with the p53
Tumor Suppressor
Satoshi Ishido, Tsunenori Fujita, and Hak Hotta............................. 37
4 Abrogation of p53-Induced Apoptosis by the Hepatitis B
Virus X Gene
Xin Wei Wang ....................................................................................... 57
5 Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Role of Hepatitis Viruses
and Liver Cell Dysplasia
Carmen Vandelli and Francesco Renzo ........................................... 71
PART III. MOLECULAR AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
6 Impact of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV):
From Research to Clinical Practice
Maurizia Rossana Brunetto, Filippo Oliveri,
and Ferruccio Bonino ..................................................................... 99
7 Mutation of p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene
in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Apollonia Tullo and Elisabetta Sbisà .............................................. 113
8 Diagnostic Markers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Using Immunohistochemical Techniques
Yaw Ohene-Abuakwa and Massimo Pignatelli .............................. 131
vii
viii Contents
9 Assessing Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression and Activity
in Hepatocellular Carcinomas
Orlando Musso, Bruno Clément, and Nathalie Théret .................. 139
10 Isolation of Novel Markers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma by a
Subtraction-Enhanced Display Technique
Chuan-Ging Wu .................................................................................. 157
WAF1
11 Measurement of Protein Expression of p53, p21 , and Rb
in Patients with Surgically Treated Hepatocellular Carcinoma
by Using Catalyzed Signal-Amplication System
Takuji Naka, Tetsuya Kaneko, and Nobuaki Kaibara .................... 167
PART IV. HCC GENE THERAPY
12 Gene Therapy Vectors Harboring AFP Regulatory Sequences:
Preparation of an Adenoviral Vector
Shuichi Kaneko and Taiki Tamaoki ................................................. 177
13 Advantages and Disadvantages of Multiple Different Methods
of Adenoviral Vector Construction
Prem Seth and James Higginbotham ............................................. 189
14 Electron Microscopic Assessment of Adenovirus-Mediated Transfer
Catherine E. Sarraf ............................................................................ 199
15 p53 Plasmid Preparation and Techniques for Analysis of Gene
Transfer and Expression
Ragai R. Mitry, Michael D. Kelly, Jian Zhao, Satoko Negishi,
Marc R. Mansour, and Nagy A. Habib ......................................... 207
16 Antisense IGF-I for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Yanjun Liu, Jian Zhao, Yang Lu, Jerzy Trojan, Mengchao Wu,
and Yajun Guo ............................................................................... 221
17 Novel Effective Tumor Vaccines for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Lixin Wei, Hao Wang, Yanjun Liu, Mengchao Wu,
and Yajun Guo ............................................................................... 237
18 Immunoglobulin Fusion Proteins as a Tool for Evaluation of T-Cell
Costimulatory Molecules
Andrei I. Chapoval, Gefeng Zhu, and Lieping Chen ..................... 247
19 Adenovirus-Mediated Drug Sensitivity Gene Therapy
for Hepatocelular Carcinoma
Fumihiko Kanai, Makoto Ohashi, Paola A. Marignani,
Yasushi Shiratori, Hirofumi Hamada, and Masao Omata......... 257
Contents ix
PART V. CLINICAL PROTOCOL FOR P53 GENE THERAPY FOR LIVER TUMORS
20 Clinical Protocol for p53 Gene Therapy for Liver Tumors
Michael D. Kelly, Ragai R. Mitry, and Nagy A. Habib .................... 273
Index ............................................................................................................ 299
Contributors
FERRUCCIO BONINO, MD • Unitá Operativa, Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia,
Pisa, Italy
MAURIZIA ROSSANA BRUNETTO, MD • Unitá Operativa, Gastroenterologia ed
Epatologia, Pisa, Italy
ANDREI I. CHAPOVAL • Department of Immunology, Mayo Medical School,
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
LIEPING CHEN, MD • Department of Immunology, Mayo Medical School,
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
BRUNO CLÉMENT • INSERM U-456, Université de Rennes I, Rennes, France
TSUNENORI FUJITA • Department of Microbiology, Kobe University School
of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
YAJUN GUO, MD • Director of Immunogene Therapy Program, Sidney
Kimmel Cancer Centre, San Diego, CA, and Director of Shanghai
International Cancer Institute and Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery
Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s
Republic of China
NAGY A. HABIB • Head of Liver Surgery Section, Division of Surgery,
Anaesthetics and Intensive Care, Imperial College School of Medicine,
Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
HIROFUMI HAMADA • Department of Molecular Biotherapy Research, Cancer
Chemotherapy Center, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for
Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
JAMES HIGGINBOTHAM • National Cancer Institute, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD
HAK HOTTA, MD • Head of Department of Microbiology, and Director of
International Center for Medical Research, Kobe University School of
Medicine, Kobe, Japan
SATOSHI ISHIDO • Department of Microbiology, Kobe University School of
Medicine, Kobe, Japan
NOBUAKI KAIBARA • First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,
Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
FUMIHIKO KANAI, MD • Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA and Department of Gastroenterology, University of
Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
xi
xii Contributors
SHUICHI KANEKO • First Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa
University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
TETSUYA KANEKO • First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,
Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
MICHAEL D. KELLY • Liver Surgery Section, Imperial College School
of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
YANJUN LIU • Head of Department of Molecular Biology, International Joint
Cancer Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s
Republic of China
YANG LU • Shanghai International Joint Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
MARC R. MANSOUR • Liver Surgery Section, Imperial College School
of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
PAOLA A. MARIGNANI • Division of Signal Transduction, Department of
Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Cell
Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
RAGAI R. MITRY • Liver Surgery Section, Imperial College School of Medicine,
Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
ORLANDO MUSSO • INSERM U-456, Université de Rennes I, Rennes, France
TAKUJI NAKA • First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori
University, Yonago, Japan
SATOKO NEGISHI • Liver Surgery Section, Imperial College School of Medicine,
Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
MAKOTO OHASHI • Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo,
Tokyo, Japan
YAW OHENE-ABUAKWA • Division of Histopathology, Department of Pathology
and Microbiology, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
FILIPPO OLIVERI, MD • Unitá Operativa, Gastroeneterologia ed Epatologia,
Pisa, Italy
MASAO OMATA • Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo,
Tokyo, Japan
MASSIMO PIGNATELLI • Division Histopathology, Department of Pathology
and Microbiology, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
FRANCESCO RENZO • Dipartimento Medicina Interna, Modena University,
Modena, Italy
STEPHEN M. RIORDAN, MD • Department of Gastroenterology, The Prince of
Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
CATHERINE E. SARRAF • Department of Histopathology, Imperial College
School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
ELISABETTA SBISÀ • Centro di Studio sui Mitocondri e Metabolismo
Energetico, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy