Henry Moore

54 Pages·2003·9.086 MB·English

by  Sally O'Reilly

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Artists in Tlieir
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Time
Artists in Their
Henry
Moore
Sally O'Reilly
Franklin Watts
A
Division of Scholastic Inc.
New York Toronto London Auckland Sydney
Mexico City New Delhi Hong Kong
Danbury, Connecticut
:
First published in 2003 by
Franklin Watts
96 Leonard Street
London EC2A 4XD
First American edition published
in 2003 by Franklin Watts
A
Division of Scholastic Inc.
90 Sherman Turnpike
CT
Danbur>, 06816
Series Editor: Adrian Cole
Editor: Susie Brooks
Series Designer: Mo Choy
Art Director: Jonathan Hair
Picture Researcher: Sue Mennell
A
CIP catalog record for this title
is available from the Library' ofCongress.
ISBN 0'53M2241'7 (Lib. Bdg.)
ISBN 0'53M6643'O (Pbk.)
Printed in Hong Kong, China
©
Franklin Watts 2003
Acknowledgements
The following biographical images and the wotk(s) illustrated have been reproduced b>- kind permission ofThe Henr\- Moore
Foundation: The Henr>' Moore Foundation Archive: 7t, 8, 9t (LH 6). lOt, 11 (LH 43). 17 (LH 59), 18tr, 19t, 27, 30b (LH
339), 32bl (CGM 114), 33, 35 (LH 573), 36b (HMF 3361), 39 (HMF 80 (60)); Cbunauld Instimte ofAn: 20b; Darren
Chung: front cover centre (LH 205), front cover br. 23 (LH 205), 26t; Felix H. Mann: 26t; Michel MuUer: 6 (HMF488), 21
(HMF 1077), 43 (H^^IF 123), 24b, 37 (LH 627); Fox Photos: 28b; Enol Jackson 26b (LH293), 29 (LH 350). 32t. 32br. 38t;
Luke Finn: 13 (LH 58), 31 (LH 344); John Hedgecoe: 34t.Arcaid/Alex Banel: 41t € ADAGP. Pans and DAGS. London IC
Bridgeman An Library/Lauros/Giraudon; 30t. Castello Sfor:esco. Milan/ Scab Horence: 12b. Didrichsen An Museum.
Hekinki. Finland/VIatti Ruotsalainen: 33 © Henr>- Moore Foundation. Ford VIotor Company Limired:41b. GeoscierKe
Features Picture Libraiy/RIDA: 12t. '©Jarrold Publishing/Peter Smith/ with kind permission ofthe Administrator of
©
Westminster Cathedral: 15b the Estate ofEric Gill/ Bridgeman Art Librarv'. Leslie Garland Picture Librar\-: 7b/Paul
Ridsdale,40/ Leslie Garland. London Transport Headquarters. 55. Broadwa>% London/Bridgeman An Librar>': 14 Tate. London
2003, ®The Estate ofJacob Epstein. Courtes>- ofthe MayorGaller>-, London: 18b. Museo Nacional de Antropologia, Mexico
City, Mexico/ Bridgeman Art Librar>':16t. © Board ofTrustees. National Galler\- ofArt, Washington D.C: 36t/Gift ofthe
Morris and Gwendohn Cafritz Foundation. National Gallery-, Loiulon/Bridgeman Art Librarv": 16b. Phibdelphia Museum of
Art, Penns>'lvania, PA/Bridgeman Art Librar>':38b. Popperfoto: front cover bl, 20t, front cover be and 24t/Saidman, 25, 28t.
Rudolph Staechelin Family Foundation, Basel, Switzerland/Bridgeman Art Library-: 9b. Science and Societ>- Picture Library-:
22b. ©Tate, London 2003: lObr © Henry Moore Foundation,19b © Alan Bown^s, Hepworth E5tate.22 The Works ofNaum
Gabo © Nina Williams,24b © Henr>- Moore Foundation,27 © HenT>- Moore Foundation,34b © Bruce McLean. Tate Gallen
Archive: 15t. Werner Forman Archive/British Museum lOb.
With special thanks to Emma Stower ofThe Henr>- Moore Foundation
Whilst ever>- attempt has been made to dear cop>Tight
should there be any inadvertent omission please apply
in the first instance to the publisher regarding rectification.
Contents
Who Was Henry Moore? 6
Becoming a Sculptor 8
Ancient Impact 10
A
Taste of Europe 12
Direct Carving 14
Established Artist 16
The Hampstead Set 18
The Surreal Thirties 20
Abstract Forms 22
War
Artist 24
Family and Fame 26
iloyal Recognition 28
Giant Commissions 30
A
Collector of Objects 32
Marble Marvels 34
Home and Away 36
The Last Years 38
Moore's Legacy 40
"he Writings of Henry Moore 42
"imeline 42
Glossary 44
Museums and Galleries 45
Index 46
Who
Was
Henry Moore?
?
Henry Moore was one of the most important A VICTORIAN FAMILY
sculptors of modern time. He changed the Moore was born in Castleford,
way people see art by placing huge sculptures outside Yorkshire, England, in 1898. He was
in cities or the cc^untryside. His work was criticized the seventh in a family of eight
at first but Moore steadily grew more successful over brothers and sisters. Moore's parents,
time. Today, hundreds of Moore's sculptures are on Raymond and Mary, were a strong
display in parks, city plazas, and major buildings influence on the children. Raymond
throughout the world. was a coal miner who had great
ambitions for his children. By the
time Henry was born one brother
and two sisters had become teachers.
Henry was expected to do the same.
become
''First qualified
as a teacher like your
brothers and sisters have
done and then change to
art you wish. Be sure
if
that you have some
your hand."
living in
-^ The Artist's Mother, 1927, Henry Moore.
Mary Moore was a loving mother who worked
hard looking after her family at home. She
suffered from rheumatism in her back and would
ask Moore to massage it. He said that this gave
him an early understanding of the gentle curves
of the human body.
T^^HT
1916 1917 1918
Henry Spencer Henry learns about Moore starts World Moore Moore Moore joins the Moore becomes an
Moore is born Michelangelo and pottery classes War I becomes teaches in army Poisoned by army physical instructor
in Castleford, becomes interested with art teacher begins. a student Castleford. gas in France, he and returns to France
England. in sculpture. Alice Gostick. teacher. returns to England. just as the war ends.
Private
Moore (front
row, for right)
with his Civil
Service Rifles
platoon, 1917.
SCHOOL DAYS THE YOUNG SOLDIER
Moore attended his local primary school At age 19, Moore was drafted into the British
then won a scholarship to secondary school. army and sent to fight. He wrote to his old
He also went to Sunday school, where he art teacher, Alice Gostick, about the terrible
discovered the work of Michelangelo (1475- conditions - the noise, the lack of sleep, and
1564) and became interested in sculpture. how he made drawings of people picking lice
Moore was good at art and was determined from their clothes. During the battle of
to make it his career. At the age of 17, under Cambrai in France, Moore was poisoned by
his father's firm guidance, he began teaching mustard gas and taken back to a hospital in
When
at his old primary school. However, this did England. he recovered he spent the rest
not last long. Moore's teaching career was of the war as a physical training instructor
soon interrupted by World War before returning home to Yorkshire, England,
I.
in 1919.
THE YORKSHIRE LANDSCAPE
The Yorkshire landscape had a strong effect on
Moore. was a land of contrasts. The countryside
It
has rolling hills and large, open skies, while the
local mining industry dotted the area with ugly slag
heaps. Moore would always remember the shapes
of rocky crags, the mountains of coal, and the
smooth pebbles of the Castleford streets. They were
to appear in his sculptures throughout his life. As he
recalled, "Some things are little on the outside, and
rough and common, but remember the time when
I
the dust and stones of the streets were as precious
Rocky outcrops in the Yorkshire Dales. as gold to my infant eyes."
Becoming
a Sculptor
A
Moore began pottery classes with Alice GosHck while he was still at school. He continuecJ them
after the war. This photo, taken in 1919, shows Alice on the far right with Moore on the floor
beside her. He said that the lessons "kept him sane" when he was a teacher.
Moore's art teacher, A CHANCE TO LEARN announced that he wanted to
Alice Gostick, With the help of a grant, be a sculptor. Moore was very
remained an important Moore enrolled at Leeds insistent so the school set up
inspiration to him after the School of Art in England. a sculpture department with
war. When he returned from He still lived in Castleford him as its only student for
the army, she encouraged where he attended evening the first year. One of the first
him to pursue his art career pottery classes so he had to people to follow Moore into
and found out about grants catch a train to Leeds each the department was Barbara
for people whose education day. Hepworth (1903-75). She
had been interrupted by the After a year of studying became his friend
war. drawing at the art school, he and also a famous artist.
r
i..st A->-ji^r!
TIMELINE
1919 September 1919 1921
Moore returns to Castleford Moore enrolls at Leeds School of Art. A sculpture department is set up Moore meets fellow student Barbara
and takes pottery lessons witfi Moore as tfie only student. Moore encounters modern art for the Hepworth. He wins a scholarship to
with Alice Gostick. first time on a visit to Sir Michael Sadler's collection. the Royal College of Art in London.
8