Heat recovery steam generator technology

425 Pages·2017·10.977 MB·English

by  Eriksen, Vernon L

Heat Recovery Steam Generator Technology
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Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy
Heat Recovery Steam
Generator Technology
Edited by
Vernon L. Eriksen
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Contents
Listofcontributors xi
1 Introduction 1
VernonL.Eriksen
1.1 Gasturbine(cid:1)basedpowerplants 1
1.2 Heatrecoverysteamgenerator(HRSG) 4
1.3 Focusandstructureofbook 14
References 15
2 ThecombinedcycleandvariationsthatuseHRSGs 17
JosephMiller
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 CombiningtheBraytonandRankinecycles 18
2.3 ThecentralroleofHRSGsincombinedcycledesign 22
2.4 PowercyclevariationsthatuseHRSGs 34
2.5 Conclusion 43
Reference 43
3 Fundamentals 45
VernonL.EriksenandJosephE.Schroeder
Nomenclature 45
Subscripts 46
3.1 Thermaldesign 46
3.2 Mechanicaldesign 61
References 63
4 Verticaltubenaturalcirculationevaporators 65
BradleyN.Jackson
4.1 Introduction 65
4.2 Evaporatordesignfundamentals 66
4.3 Steamdrumdesign 71
4.4 Steamdrumoperation 75
4.5 Specialtysteamdrums 77
References 79
vi Contents
5 Economizersandfeedwaterheaters 81
YuriRechtman
5.1 Customdesign 82
5.2 Standarddesign 83
5.3 Flowdistribution 84
5.4 Mechanicaldetails 86
5.5 Feedwaterheaters 89
Reference 94
6 Superheatersandreheaters 95
ShaunP.Hennessey
6.1 Introduction 95
6.2 Generaldescriptionofsuperheaters 96
6.3 Designtypesandconsiderations 97
6.4 Outlettemperaturecontrol 105
6.5 Baseloadvsfaststartupand/orhighcycling 109
6.6 Drainabilityandautomation(coils,desuperheater,etc.) 110
6.7 Flowdistribution 110
6.8 Materials 112
6.9 Conclusions 113
7 Ductburners 115
PeterF.Barry,StephenL.Somers†,StephenB.Londerville,
KennethAhnandKevinAnderson
7.1 Introduction 116
7.2 Applications 116
7.3 Burnertechnology 118
7.4 Fuels 121
7.5 Combustionairandturbineexhaustgas 122
7.6 Physicalmodeling 127
7.7 Emissions 131
7.8 Maintenance 138
7.9 Designguidelinesandcodes 143
References 144
8 SelectivecatalyticreductionforreducedNOxemissions 145
NancyD.Stephenson
8.1 HistoryofSCR 146
8.2 Regulatorydrivers 147
8.3 Catalystmaterialsandconstruction 150
8.4 ImpactonHRSGdesignandperformance 153
8.5 DriversandadvancesintheSCRfield 165
8.6 FutureoutlookforSCR 170
References 171
Contents vii
9 Carbonmonoxideoxidizers 173
MikeDurilla,WilliamJ.HiznyandStanMack
9.1 Introduction 173
9.2 Oxidationcatalystfundamentals 174
9.3 Theoxidationcatalyst 179
9.4 Thedesign 183
9.5 Operationandmaintenance 188
9.6 Futuretrends 196
Supplementalreading 197
10 Mechanicaldesign 199
KevinW.McGill
10.1 Introduction 200
10.2 Codeofdesign:mechanical 200
10.3 Codeofdesign:structural 201
10.4 Owner’sspecificationsandregulatory
Body/organizationalreview 201
10.5 Pressureparts 202
10.6 Mechanicaldesign 204
10.7 Pressurepartsdesignflexibility 209
10.8 Structuralcomponents 215
10.9 Structuralsolutions 221
10.10 Pipingandsupportsolutions 226
10.11 Fielderectionandconstructability 228
10.12 Fabrication 228
10.13 Conclusion 229
References 229
11 Fast-startandtransientoperation 231
JosephE.Schroeder
11.1 Introduction 231
11.2 Componentsmostaffected 233
11.3 Effectofpressure 233
11.4 Changeintemperature 234
11.5 Materials 241
11.6 Constructiondetails 243
11.7 Corrosion 244
11.8 Creep 244
11.9 HRSGoperation 245
11.10 Lifeassessments 248
11.11 NationalFireProtectionAssociationpurgecredit 250
11.12 Miscellaneouscyclingconsiderations 250
References 252
viii Contents
12 Miscellaneousancillaryequipment 253
MartinNygard
12.1 Introduction 253
12.2 Exhaustgaspathcomponents 253
12.3 Water/steam sidecomponents 260
12.4 Equipmentaccess 261
12.5 Conclusion 262
13 HRSGconstruction 263
JamesR.Hennessey
13.1 Introduction 263
13.2 Levelsofmodularization 264
13.3 Coilbundlemodularization 266
13.4 Structuralframe 276
13.5 Inletducts 278
13.6 Exhauststacks 281
13.7 Pipingsystems 282
13.8 Platformsandsecondarystructures 284
13.9 Constructionconsiderationsforvalvesandinstrumentation 284
13.10 Auxiliarysystems 285
13.11 Futuretrends 285
14 Operation andcontrols 287
GlenL.Bostick
14.1 Introduction 287
14.2 Operation 288
14.3 Controls 301
References 319
15 Developingtheoptimumcyclechemistryprovidesthekey
toreliabilityforcombinedcycle/HRSGplants 321
BarryDooley
Nomenclature 322
15.1 Introduction 322
15.2 Optimumcyclechemistrytreatments 324
15.3 Majorcyclechemistry-influenceddamage/failureincombined
cycle/HRSG plants 328
15.4 Developinganunderstandingofcyclechemistry-influenced
failure/damageinfossilandcombinedcycle/HRSGplants
usingrepeatcyclechemistrysituations 339
15.5 Casestudies 342
15.6 Bringingeverythingtogethertodeveloptheoptimum
cyclechemistryforcombinedcycle/HRSGplants 345
15.7 Summaryandconcludingremarks 349
15.8 Bibliographyandreferences 350
References 352
Contents ix
16 HRSGinspection,maintenanceandrepair 355
PaulD.Gremaud
16.1 Introduction 355
16.2 Inspectionandmaintenance 355
16.3 Repair 375
References 377
17 Other/uniqueHRSGs 379
VernonL.EriksenandJosephE.Schroeder
17.1 VerticalgasflowHRSGS 379
17.2 Once-throughHRSG 384
17.3 EnhancedoilrecoveryHRSGs 390
17.4 VeryhighfiredHRSGs 395
References 396
Index 397