Headache and comorbidities in childhood and adolescence

246 Pages·2017·3.95 MB·English

by  Arruda

Headache
Series Editor: Paolo Martelletti
Vincenzo Guidetti
Marco A. Arruda
Aynur Ozge Editors
Headache and
Comorbidities
in Childhood
and Adolescence
Headache
Series Editor
Paolo Martelletti
Roma, Italy
The purpose of this Series, endorsed by the European Headache Federation (EHF),
is to describe in detail all aspects of headache disorders that are of importance in
primary care and the hospital setting, including pathophysiology, diagnosis,
management, comorbidities, and issues in particular patient groups. A key feature of
the Series is its multidisciplinary approach, and it will have wide appeal to internists,
rheumatologists, neurologists, pain doctors, general practitioners, primary care
givers, and pediatricians. Readers will find that the Series assists not only in
understanding, recognizing, and treating the primary headache disorders, but also in
identifying the potentially dangerous underlying causes of secondary headache
disorders and avoiding mismanagement and overuse of medications for acute
headache, which are major risk factors for disease aggravation. Each volume is
designed to meet the needs of both more experienced professionals and medical
students, residents, and trainees.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11801
Vincenzo Guidetti • Marco A. Arruda
Aynur Ozge
Editors
Headache and Comorbidities
in Childhood and Adolescence
Editors
Vincenzo Guidetti Marco A. Arruda
Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry University of São Paulo
Sapienza University Neuropsychiatry, Glia Institute
Rome Ribeirão Preto
Italy Brazil
Aynur Ozge
Neurology, Algology and Clinical
Neurophysiology
Mersin University School of Medicine
Mersin, Adana
Turkey
ISSN 2197-652X ISSN 2197-6538 (electronic)
Headache
ISBN 978-3-319-54725-1 ISBN 978-3-319-54726-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-54726-8
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017947346
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors
or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims
in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Printed on acid-free paper
This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature
The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Foreword
Headache in the child and the adolescent has not received adequate scientific atten-
tion throughout the years. The prevailing tendency has been to frame this pathology
as the direct consequence of personal or familiar psychological suffering. The inad-
equate availability of pharmacological tools assessed for primary headaches in the
developmental age has eased this approach. Moreover, every decade the biological
vision of primary headache changes its mechanism of action highlighting how a
clear marker of illness, detectable and reliable on large populations, is still missing.
Therefore, new drugs face the hard task of finding a direct application on adoles-
cents, both for strictly regulatory reasons and for preferential rules of clinical activ-
ity in these patients.
This fifth product of the European Headache Federation Headache Book Series
rigorously faces these problems and highlights the clinical and mechanistic features
conjugating all the aspects related to headache in the childhood, even the ones
shared with other pathologies. The common denominator, ‘comorbidity’, offers a
comprehensive interpretation of this headache area and the renowned authors of
these contributions guarantee a high, independent and trustworthy profile.
I am honoured to introduce this valuable volume edited by Vincenzo Guidetti,
Marco A. Arruda and Aynur Ozge, and acknowledge the umpteenth support by the
European Headache Federation to the systematization and the dissemination of the
headache culture.
Rome, Italy Paolo Martelletti
v
Preface
“The cure for the headache was a kind of a leaf, which required to be accompanied by a
charm, and if a person would repeat the charm at the same time that he used the cure, he
would be made whole; but that without the charm the leaf would be of no avail.”
Socrates, according to Plato [1]
The expressive development of childhood headache knowledge can be easily visual-
ized through a mere PubMed search. Using the keywords headache, child and ado-
lescent, and solely the age filter, the reader can check the volume growth of
publications year by year, decade by decade. The same advance can be observed by
limiting the search to only clinical trials. From the first paper on childhood head-
ache registered in this digital archive in 1948 to the early 1990s, we have a total of
1121 papers, number that doubles throughout the “Decade of the Brain” reaching
1253 at the beginning of 2010, up to now 1748. The same occurs with migraine as
shown in the following PubMed publications’ timeline.

vii
viii Preface
A milestone in this trajectory is the pioneering and seminal work of Professor Bo
Bille of Uppsala University in Sweden who in 1962 published his thesis Migraine
in Schoolchildren [2].
The evolution of knowledge occurred in several areas, however, in an expressive
way in the classification, diagnosis, and epidemiology of childhood headache.
Particularly noteworthy are the emergence of prevalence studies around the world,
studies on the impact of headache in children and adolescents, and the identification
of comorbidities of migraine in this age group.
The impact of this breakthrough was notable in clinical practice. From the 196
possible headache diagnoses that appear in the second edition of the International
Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II) [3], 113 have been described in
pediatric population [4]. The studies have provided evidence that not only migraine
but also other primary and even secondary headaches have a peculiar clinical pre-
sentation in childhood and adolescence.
The study of migraine comorbidities in childhood and adolescence, the reason
for this book, is extremely important in clinical practice, both for diagnostic issues
and for the management and treatment efficacy of these patients [5, 6].
It is critical to recognize the presence of comorbid conditions in the clinical
assessment of headache patients, especially in children and adolescents, as early
identification of these symptoms may lead to improved headache management [7,
8]. Moreover, the identification of comorbid disorders in headache could provide
modern treatment options and improve the knowledge about causes and conse-
quences of headache [9].
A striking and distinctive aspect of this book is the editorial norm of the author-
ship of chapters being entrusted to authors from different countries, often different
continents, which resulted in a cooperative work that contemplates different medi-
cal realities. This experience is certainly reflected in these pages that we hope to
please the reader.
Ribeirão Preto, Brazil Marco A. Arruda
Mersin, Turkey Aynur Ozge
Rome, Italy Vincenzo Guidetti
References
1. Faria V, et al. Harnessing the placebo effect in pediatric migraine clinic. J Pediatr. 2014;
165(4):659–65.
2. Bille BS. Migraine in school children. A study of the incidence and short-term prognosis, and
a clinical, psychological and electroencephalographic comparison between children with
migraine and matched controls. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1962;136:1–151.
3. The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition. Cephalalgia. 2004;24
Suppl 1:9–160.
4. Arruda MA, Albuquerque RC, Bigal ME. Uncommon headache syndromes in the pediatric
population. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2011; 15(4):280–8.
Preface ix
5. Guidetti V, Galli F, Fabrizi P, et al. Headache and psychiatric comorbidity: clinical aspects and
outcome in an 8-year follow-up study. Cephalalgia. 1998;18(7):455–62.
6. Bellini B, Arruda M, Cescut A, et al. Headache and comorbidity in children and adolescents. J
Headache Pain. 2013;14:79.
7. Blaauw BA, Dyb G, Hagen K, et al. The relationship of anxiety, depression and behavioral
problems with recurrent headache in late adolescence—a Young-HUNT follow-up study. J
Headache Pain. 2015;16:10.
8. Faedda N, Cerutti R, Verdecchia P, et al. Behavioral management of headache in children and
adolescents. J Headache Pain. 2016;17(1):80.
9. Sacco S, Olivieri L, Bastianello S, Carolei A. Comorbid neuropathologies in migraine. J
Headache Pain. 2006;7(4): 222–30.
Contents
1 Epidemiology of Headache in Children and Adolescents . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Tara M. Lateef and Kathleen R. Merikangas
2 Classification and Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Umberto Balottin and S. Ju
3 Migraine Genetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Antonio M. Persico, Marco Lamberti, and Viktor Farkas
4 Epigenetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Andrew D. Hershey, Vincenzo Guidetti and Noemi Faedda
5 Headache, Burden, and Quality of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Michelle M. Ernst, Scott W. Powers, and Derya Uluduz
6 Child Abuse and Headache in Children and Adolescents . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Gretchen E. Tietjen and Noemi Faedda
7 Childhood Episodic Syndromes That May Be Associated
with Migraine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Victoria Elisa Rinaldi, Amy A. Gelfand, and Luigi Titomanlio
8 Comorbidity with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder . . . . . . . . 71
Marco A. Arruda and Marcelo Eduardo Bigal
9 Comorbidity of Migraine with Asthma and Other
Atopic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Aynur Özge and Kentaro Kuwabara
10 Comorbidity with Brain Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Pier Antonio Battistella and Marcelo R. Masruha
xi