ebook img

HCNA Networking Study Guide PDF

358 Pages·2016·22.94 MB·English
by  
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview HCNA Networking Study Guide

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. HCNA Networking Study Guide HCNA Networking Study Guide Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. HCNA Networking Study Guide 123 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Shenzhen China ISBN 978-981-10-1553-3 ISBN 978-981-10-1554-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1554-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016941304 © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media Singapore Pte Ltd. Foreword Huawei is one of the leading ICT solution providers worldwide. Our vision is to enrich life through communication, and it is with this vision that we are able to leverage our ICT technologies and experience to help everyone bridge the digital divide and become a part of the information society so that all may enjoy the benefits of ICT services. We endeavor to popularize ICT, facilitate education, and cultivate ICT talents, providing people with the tools necessary to build a fully connected world. This book is a study guide for Huawei HCNA certification. It is the culmination of efforts by Dr. Yonghong Jiang and his writing team. Dr. Jiang is a senior technical expert in Huawei and has worked with us for over 10 years. Before joining Huawei, Dr. Jiang gained many years of teaching experience in both domestic and international universities. He therefore has a deep understanding of how knowledge can be taught and mastered. Logic is important for explaining principles, as too is the accuracy of information—the very essence of this is embodied in HCNA Networking Study Guide. I truly believe it is a must-have book for those who intend to learn HCNA network technologies. March 2016 Wenjie Tu Director of Global Training and Certification Department Huawei Enterprise Business Group v Preface Declaration This book is the study guide for Huawei HCNA certification. It is crafted to help understand the principles of network technologies. Apart from the knowledge offered in this book, HCNA also covers other knowledge, such as RSTP, MSTP, DNS, FTP, VRRP, NAC, 802.1x, SSH, xDSL, HDLC, FR, GRE, IPSec, WLAN, VoIP, data center, cloud computing, 3G/4G, and IPv6. If you want a solid foundation for preparing for the HCNA exam, you will also have to learn those concepts. Organization of This Book This book is divided up into 14 chapters. Chapters 1 and 2 are preparations for the network technologies discussed in Chaps. 3–13. The last chapter, Chap. 14, is the Appendix and provides answers to all review questions contained in the preceding chapters. Chapter 1 Network Communication Fundamentals The OSI and TCP/IP models are vital to understanding network communication. This chapter describes and compares the two models. It further introduces and describes typical network topologies, LAN and WAN, transmission media, and methods of communication. Chapter 2 VRP Basics VRP is Huawei’s network operating system that runs on network devices such as routers and switches. Knowledge of VRP is essential to understanding Huawei products and technologies, and many of the configuration examples provided in this book are based on VRP. This chapter systematically introduces how to use VRP. vii viii Preface Chapter 3 Ethernet Ethernet is the most widely used type of LAN today, and as a result, the terms Ethernet and LAN are almost synonymous. We start this chapter by introducing Ethernet network interface cards on computers and switches and the differences between them. We then discuss MAC addresses, Ethernet frames, switch for- warding principles, MAC address tables, and ARP operating principles. Chapter 4 STP Layer 2 loops are a major problem on Ethernet networks covering both computers and switches. Loop prevention protocols, such as STP, RSTP, and MSTP, can be used on switches to prevent such loops. This chapter provides background infor- mation about STP and describes how STP is used to prevent Layer 2 loops. Chapter 5 VLAN Another problem showing on Ethernet networks is how to flexibly and efficiently classify Layer 2 broadcast domains. The solution to this problem is to use VLAN. This chapter describes the VLAN principles, the format and forwarding process of VLAN frames, and the link and port types used in VLAN. It also describes the functions of GVRP. Chapter 6 IP Basics Chapters 3–5 focus on the data link layer. Chapter 6 describes IP basics, including IP addressing, IP packet format, and IP forwarding. This chapter also addresses the concepts of Layer 2 communication, Layer 3 communication, and the Internet. Chapter 7 TCP and UDP This chapter introduces the two transport layer protocols: TCP and UDP. It focuses on the differences between connectionless and connection-oriented communication. It also demonstrates how a TCP session is created and terminated, and presents the acknowledgment and retransmission mechanisms of TCP. Chapter 8 Routing Protocol Basics Knowledge of routing and routing protocols is the basis to understand networking and its technologies. This chapter starts by introducing basic concepts, such as a route’s composition, static and dynamic routes, and routing tables. It then describes RIP, the simplest routing protocol. This chapter also introduces the concepts of OSPF. Preface ix Chapter 9 Inter-VLAN Layer 3 Communication Computers on different VLANs cannot communicate over Layer 2, but they can communicate over Layer 3. This chapter describes the working principles of inter-VLAN Layer 3 communication through a one-armed router, a multi-armed router, and a Layer 3 switch. It covers the contents of how a Layer 3 switch, a Layer 2 switch, and a conventional router forward data. Chapter 10 Link Technologies Link aggregation is a commonly used link technology that can flexibly increase bandwidth and improve connecting reliability among various network devices. This chapter includes the basic concepts, application scenarios, and working principles of link aggregation. It also involves two Huawei proprietary link technologies that can improve network link reliability: Smart Link and Monitor Link. Chapter 11 DHCP and NAT This chapter describes the basic concepts and working process of DHCP as well as DHCP relay. It also introduces the basic concepts, principles, and application scenarios of NAT. Chapter 12 PPP and PPPoE This chapter describes the basic concepts and working process of PPP, the format of PPP frames, and the different phases involved in PPP. It further elaborates the combination between PPP and Ethernet, known as PPPoE. Chapter 13 Network Management and Security Management and security are vital concerns in today’s networks. This chapter concentrates on SMI, MIB, and SNMP used in network management and ACL used in network security. Chapter 14 Appendix—Answers to Review Questions Many sections in each chapter of this book include review questions for the readers to oversee the contents they have studied. The suggested answers to these review questions are provided throughly in this chapter. Target Audience This book is targeted to the readers preparing for Huawei HCNA certification. It covers the detailed basis of routing and switching technologies, which also makes it a valuable resource for ICT practitioners, university students, and network tech- nology fans. x Preface Important Notes While reading this book, please be aware of the following: 1. This book may refer to some concepts which are beyond its scope. We advise you to research these concepts for the better understanding but doing so is not a requirement. 2. The Ethernet mentioned in this book only refers to the star-type Ethernet net- works. This book does not include bus-type Ethernet or such related concepts as CSMA/CD and collision domain. Many resources are available to be traced by most of the search engines if you are interested in Ethernet’s history and its development. 3. Unless otherwise specifically explained, IP in this book refers to IPv4. IPv6 is not covered in this book. 4. This book presents two data link layer technologies, Ethernet and PPP. Unless otherwise stated, network interface cards, network interfaces, interfaces, and ports specifically stand for Ethernet network interface cards, Ethernet network interfaces, Ethernet interfaces, and Ethernet ports, respectively, and frames refer to Ethernet frames. 5. In this book, the network interfaces on routers and computers are noted as interfaces and the network interfaces on switches are noted as ports. 6. Unless otherwise stated, switches in this book refer to Layer 2 Ethernet switches that do not support Layer 3 forwarding. 7. In Sect. 8.1.2, we state that the cost of a static route can be set to 0 or any desired value. This is true theoretically, but most network device vendors require the cost of a static route to be only 0 and do not allow it to be configured or changed. In addition, many such vendors set the minimum number of RIP hops as 0, meaning that there is no hop from a RIP router to its directly connected network. However, the Routing Information Protocol itself stipulates that there be a minimum of 1 hop from a RIP router to its directly connected network. This difference exists due to historical factors, but does not affect the deployment and functions of RIP. In Sects. 8.2.1–8.2.7, the minimum number of RIP hops is thus defined as 1. In Sect. 8.2.8, the minimum number of RIP hops is defined as 0. 8. If you have any feedback or suggestions regarding this book, please e-mail Huawei at Preface xi Icons in This Book Router Access Aggregation Core switch switch switch Server PC IP-DSLAM HG Network cloud Internet Ethernet or PPP link (Ethernet by default)

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.