Hate Speech in Japan: The Possibility of a Non-Regulatory Approach PDF
Preview Hate Speech in Japan: The Possibility of a Non-Regulatory Approach
Hate Speech in Japan The Possibility of a Non-Regulatory Approach Edited by Shinji Higaki and Yuji Nasu HATE SPEECH IN JAPAN Thisbookexplainsthepastandpresentstatusofhatespeechregulations in Japan. The United States and European countries have adopted different approaches to resolve their respective hate speech problems. Bothofthem,however,continuetoconfrontthedilemmathatfreedom ofspeechandanti-racismarefundamentalvaluesofhumanrights.Some scholarscriticizetheUSapproachastooprotectiveoffreedomofspeech, while other scholars criticize the European approach as impermissibly violatingthatfreedom.Comparedtothesecountries,Japanisuniquein thatitdoesnotcriminalizehatespeechandhatecrimeotherthaninthe recently enacted Kawasaki City Ordinance criminalizing some kinds of hate speech. Japan basically relies on a comprehensive set of non- regulative tools to suppress extreme hate speech. This volume analyses Japanese hate speech laws and suggests a unique distinctive model to strikeabalancebetweenbothcorevaluesofdemocracy. shinji higaki is Associate Professor of Law at Fukuoka University, Japan. He has been a visiting scholar at the U.S.–Asia Law Institute of NewYorkUniversitySchoolofLawandthePeterA.AllardSchoolofLaw oftheUniversityofBritishColumbia.HeearnedhisPh.D.inLawfrom DoshishaUniversityin2015.Hespecializesinconstitutionallaw,particu- larly freedom of speech. He is the author of numerous works on free speech issues, including Heito Supīchi Kisei no Kenpōgakuteki Kōsatsu [Aconstitutionalanalysisonhatespeechregulation](Horitsubunkasha, 2017). yujinasuisProfessorofLawatSeinanGakuinUniversity,Japan,where heteachesconstitutionalandcomparativelaw.Hisresearchinterestsare primarilyinfreedomofexpression,withaparticularfocusonhatespeech and definitional balancing. He has written numerous articles on free speech, which have been published in Japanese periodicals such as Hōgaku Seminā [Legal seminar] or Amerika Hō [American law]. He recently published Heito Supīchihō no Hikaku Kenkyū [A comparative studyofhatespeechlaws](Shinzansha,2019),analysingthelawsofthe UnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,Canada,andJapan. H A T E S P E E C H I N J A P A N The Possibility of a Non-Regulatory Approach Edited by SHINJI HIGAKI FukuokaUniversity YUJI NASU SeinanGakuinUniversity UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre, NewDelhi–110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108483995 DOI:10.1017/9781108669559 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2021 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2021 AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Higaki,Shinji,author.|Nasu,Yūji,author. Title:HatespeechinJapan:thepossibilityofanon-regulatoryapproach/editedbyShinji Higaki,FukuokaUniversity;YujiNasu,SeinanGakuinUniversity. Description:Cambridge,UnitedKingdom;NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress, 2021.|Includesindex. Identifiers:LCCN2020041200|ISBN9781108483995(hardback) Subjects:LCSH:Hatespeech–Lawandlegislation–Japan.|Discrimination–Lawand legislation–Japan.|Racediscrimination–Lawandlegislation–Japan.|Freedomof speech–Japan.|Constitutionallaw–Japan. Classification:LCCKNX4147.H542021|DDC342.5208/53–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020041200 ISBN978-1-108-48399-5Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. CONTENTS ListofTables pageviii ListofFigures ix ListofContributors x Acknowledgements xv ListofAbbreviations xvii Introduction 1 yuji nasu and shinji higaki PART I Outline 1 HateSpeechRegulationandAnti-discriminationin Japan 17 atsushi kondo 2 FreedomofExpressioninJapan:TheConstitutional FrameworkofProtection 35 shigenori matsui 3 HateSpeechandInternationalLaw:TheInternalizationof InternationalHumanRightsinJapan 58 ayako hatano PART II History 4 BurakuDiscriminationandHateSpeech:Complex SituationsofClassicalandContemporaryDiscriminationin Japan 107 takanori yamamoto 5 TheCurrentMovementofHateSpeech:FocusingonHate SpeechDirectedatKoreanResidentsinJapan 125 ryangok ku v vi contents 6 TheFailureoftheHumanRightsVindicationBill 151 masayoshi kaneko PART III LegalFramework 7 HateSpeechandCriminalLawFrameworksin Japan 167 osamu sakuraba 8 TortLiabilityforHateSpeechinJapan 187 kensuke kajiwara 9 TheFrameworksoftheHateSpeechLocalOrdinances: EffortsandChallengesofLocalGovernmentsin Japan 207 hideki nakamura 10 TheLegislativeProcessLeadingtotheHateSpeech EliminationAct 223 katsuo yakura 11 TheHateSpeechEliminationAct:ALegal Analysis 237 shinji higaki PART IV Cases 12 KyotoKoreanElementarySchoolCase:TheFacts 257 il-song nakamura, translated by mana sato 13 KyotoKoreanElementarySchoolCase:ALegal Analysis 295 shiki tomimasu 14 AnInjunctionBanningaXenophobicGroupfrom Demonstrating:KawasakiCase 324 toru mori PART V MultidisciplinaryDebates 15 FreeSpeechJurisprudenceinJapan:TheInfluenceof ComparativeConstitutionalLaw 341 keigo obayashi 16 Japan’sPostcolonialHateSpeech 363 naoto higuchi contents vii 17 AQuantitativeandTheoreticalInvestigationofRacismin Japan:ASocialPsychologicalApproach 381 fumiaki taka PART VI CurrentIssues 18 HateSpeechontheInternet 409 kazushi ogura 19 HateGroupsandtheUseofPublicFacilities:Striking aBalancebetweentheRighttoAssemblyandtheInterests ofMinorityResidents 425 yuji nasu 20 HateSpeechintheMassMedia:ADisputeover BroadcastinginJapan 456 shinji uozumi AppendixA AChronologyofEventsandLegislationRelated toHateSpeechinJapan 474 AppendixB ListsofJapaneseActs,Bills,Ordinances, andOtherMaterials 489 Index 497 TABLES 1.1 Anti-discrimination page31 1.2 Scopeofnationalanti-discriminationlaw 33 17.1 CodesappliedtovariousKorean-relevanttweets 391 20.1 AtimelineoftheNewsJoshidispute 466 viii
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