Hatch & Sumner's Textbook of Paediatric Anaesthesia PDF
Preview Hatch & Sumner's Textbook of Paediatric Anaesthesia
Hatch and Sumner’s Textbook of Paediatric Anaesthesia This page intentionally left blank Hatch and Sumner’s Textbook of Paediatric Anaesthesia Third edition Edited by Robert Bingham FRCA Consultant Anaesthetist, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK Adrian R Lloyd-Thomas FRCA Consultant Anaesthetist, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK Michael RJ Sury FRCA Consultant Anaesthetist, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK First published in Great Britain in 1989 by Baillière Tindall Second edition published in Great Britain in 2000 by Hodder Arnold This third edition published in 2008 by Hodder Arnold, an imprint of Hodder Education, part of Hachette Livre UK, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH http://www.hoddereducation.com Distributed in the United States of America by Oxford University Press Inc., 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press ©2008 Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd All rights reserved. Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form, or by any means with prior permission in writing of the publishers or in the case of reprographic production in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. In the United Kingdom such licences are issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency: 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP Hachette Livre UK’s policy is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable products and made from wood grown in sustainable forests. The logging and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. Whilst the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. In particular (but without limiting the generality of the preceding disclaimer) every effort has been made to check drug dosages; however it is still possible that errors have been missed. Furthermore, dosage schedules are constantly being revised and new side-effects recognised. For these reasons the reader is strongly urged to consult the drug companies’ printed instructions before administering any of the drugs recommended in this book. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN-13 978 0 340 912201 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Commissioning Editor: Gavin Jamieson Project Editor: Francesca Naish Production Controller: Andre Sim Cover Designer: Helen Townson Indexer: Laurence Errington Typeset in 10/12, Minion by Charon Tec Ltd (A Macmillan Company), Chennai, India www.charontec.com Printed and bound in the UK by MPG Books, Bodmin What do you think about this book? Or any other Hodder Arnold title? Please visit our website:www.hoddereducation.com To trainees in paediatric anaesthesia – the future ofthe specialty. This page intentionally left blank Contents Contributors xi Foreword xv Introduction xvii Abbreviations xix Part I: Scientific Basis of Paediatric Anaesthesia 1 1 Normal development 3 Andrew J Davidson 2 The respiratory system 21 Janet Stocks 3 The cardiovascular system 39 Peter D Booker 4 Water, electrolytes and the kidney 59 Isabeau Walker 5 The liver and gastrointestinal tract 79 Peter Bromley, James Bennett 6 The central nervous system 95 Justin John, Igor Luginbuehl, Bruno Bissonnette 7 Haematology 109 Reema Nandi, Richard Martin 8 Effects of prematurity 125 Peter Crean, Anthony Chisakuta 9 Pharmacology: general principles 139 Brian J Anderson 10 Inhalational agents 153 Isabelle Murat 11 Intravenous induction agents and total intravenous anaesthesia 169 Neil S Morton 12 Opioids 185 Glyn Williams 13 Non-opioid analgesics 199 Hannu Kokki 14 Local anaesthetics and their adjuncts 211 Jean-Xavier Mazoit, Per-Arne Lönnqvist 15 Muscle relaxants 227 George H Meakin 16 Adjuncts to anaesthesia 243 Hilary Glaisyer Part II: Basic Techniques 251 17 Preoperative assessment 253 Liam Brennan viii Contents 18 Preoperative preparation and medication 265 Kar-Binh Ong 19 Equipment and basic anaesthesia techniques 273 Jane Lockie, David DeBeer 20 Monitoring 295 Mike Broadhead, Monty Mythen Part III: Special Techniques 313 21 Management of the difficult airway 315 Ann E Black 22 Difficult venous access 331 Steve Scuplak, Derek J Roebuck 23 Resuscitation 343 Robert Bingham 24 Blood transfusion and conservation 355 Elizabeth Jackson 25 Management of the uncooperative frightened child 369 Philip MD Cunnington 26 Regional anaesthesia 383 Peter Marhofer, Stephan Kettner, Justus Benrath, Per-Arne Lönnqvist, Desiré Schabort 27 Complex pain management 407 Richard F Howard 28 Congenital and inherited disease 425 Sally E Rampersad, Anne M Lynn 29 Anaphylaxis and malignant hyperthermia 445 Jane E Herod 30 Difficult circulations 457 Sally Wilmshurst 31 Difficult ventilation 473 Duncan Macrae, Robert Bingham, Adrian R Lloyd-Thomas, Michael RJ Sury Part IV: Specialised Anaesthesia 483 32 General surgery and urology 485 Peter Stoddart 33 Ear, nose and throat surgery 501 Adrian R Lloyd-Thomas 34 Eye and dental surgery 521 Ian James 35 Plastic surgery 531 Mark Ansermino, Michael RJ Sury 36 Orthopaedic surgery 541 Gillian R Lauder 37 Scoliosis surgery 553 John Currie 38 Craniofacial and neurosurgery 563 Su Mallory 39 Thoracic surgery 585 Patrick T Farrell 40 Cardiac surgery including transplantation 599 Angus McEwan 41 Liver, intestine and renal transplantation 621 James Bennett, Peter Bromley 42 Trauma and transport 635 Daniel Lutman, Mark J Peters 43 Burns 647 Bruce Emerson, Rebecca Martin Contents ix 44 Anaesthesia and sedation outside operating theatres 659 Michael RJ Sury Part V: Organisation and Philosophy 673 45 Risk 675 Johan van der Walt 46 Ethics 689 Duncan Macrae 47 Research 697 Andrew R Wolf 48 Organisation of services 709 Kathy Wilkinson 49 Education and simulation 725 Mark Thomas 50 Paediatric anaesthesia in developing countries 731 Adrian Bösenberg Appendices 1 Accepted normal ranges of vital cardiorespiratory variables quoted from the European Paediatric Life Support (EPLS) manual 743 2 Anaesthesia drugs 745 3 Other drugs that may be required either during anaesthesia, intensive care or postoperatively 749 4 Doses and calculations for commonly used IV infusions 753 5 Basic Life Support and resuscitation algorithms 755 Index 757
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