Handpumps Testing And Development Proceedings Of A Workshop In China 1985

245 Pages·1985·9.07 MB·English

A project
of Volunteers
in Asia

Handpumps Testing and Development: Proceedings of
a Workshop In China

edited by Gerhard Tschannerl and Kedar Bryan

Published by:

Publications
Office
World Bank
1818 H Street N.W.
Washington D.C.
20433
USA

Available from:

same as above

Reproduced
by permission.

Reproduction of this microfiche document in any
form is subject
to the same restrictions
as those
of the original document.

Gerhard Tschannerl and Cedar Bryan, editors

UNDP Project Management
Report Number 5

A joint contribution by the United Nations Development Programme and the World Bank
to the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade

WORLD BANK TECHNICAL PAPERS

No. 1.
Increasing
Agricultural
Productivity

No. 2.
A Model
for
the Development
of a Self-Help
Water Supply
Program

No. 3.
Ventilated
Improved
Pit
I.atrines:
Recent
Developments
in Zimbabwe

No. 4.
The African
Trypanosomiases:
Methods
and Concepts
of Control
and Eradication
in Relation
to Development

(No. 5.)
Structural
Changes in World
Industry:
A Quantitative
Analysis
of Recent Developments

No. 6.
Laboratory
Evaluation
of Hand-Operated
Water Pumps for
Use in Developing
Countries

No. 7.
Notes on the Design
and Operation
of Waste Stabilization
Ponds in Warm Climates
of Developing
Countries

No. 8.
Institution
Building
for
Traffic
Management

(No. 9.)
Meeting
the Needs of the Poor for
Water Supply
and Waste Disposal

No. 10. Appraising
Poultry
Enterprises
for
Profitability:
A Manual
for
Investors

No. 11. opp
gc
ortunities
for
Biolo
ical
Control
of

No. 12. Water Supply
a2d Sanitation
Project
Preparation
Handbook:
Guidelines

NO.
13. Water Supply
and Sanitation
Project
Preparation
Handbook:
Case Studies

NO.
14. Water Supply
and Sanitation
Project
Preparation
Handbook:
Case Study

(No. 15.)Sheep
and Goats in Developing
Countries:
Their
Present
and Potential
Role

(No. 16.)Managing
Elephant
Depredation
in Agricultural
and Forestry
Projects

(No. 17.)Energy
Efficiency
and Fuel
Substitution
in
the Cement Industry
with
Emphasis
.
on Developing
Countries

No. 18. Urban Sanitation
Planning
Manual
Based on the Jakarta
Case Stu*

No. 19. Laboratorv
Testing
of Handpumps for
Developing
Countries:
Final
Technical
Report

No. 20. Water Quality
in Hydroelectric
Projects:
Considerations
for
Planning
in Tropical
Forest
Regions

No. 21. Industrial
Restructuring:
Issues
and Experiences
in Selected
Developed
Economies

No. 22. Energy
Efficiency
in the Steel
Industry
with
Emphasis
on Developing
Countries

No. 23. The Twinning
of Institutions:
Its
Use as a Technical
Assistance
Delivery
System

No. 24. World Sulphur
Survey

(
)
Indicates
number assigned
after
publication.

(List
continues
on the inside
back cover)

Rural Water SW
andpumps
Project

UNDP
Project Management
Report
Number
5

,

RURAL WATEK SUi'PLY HANDPUMPS PKOJECT
--

LNT/81/026

The UNDP/World
Bank project
for
laboratory
and field
testing
and the
technological
development
of handpumps
for
communit?'
water
supply
is
aimed
at promoting
the
use of suitable
handpumps
for
groundwater
extraction
to
meet the goals
or' the
International
Drinking
Water
Supply
and Sanitation
Decade.
In
the
selection
of pumps and in
some cases
their
further
development,
consideration
is
given
to their
durability,
capital
as well
as maintenance
costs,
suitability
for
village-level
maintenance,
and
prospects
for
local
manufacture.

Reports
on handpumps
testing
and development
are
published
periodically,
at
least
once a year,
fur
the duration
of
the
project.
The
following
reports
have been or will
soon be published.

Report
No.
1.

Report
No. 2.

Report
No.
3.

Report
No. 4.

Report
No.
5.

Report
No.
6.

Report
No. 7.

Report
No. 8.

Laboratory
Tests
on Hand-Operated
Water
Pumps for
Use in
Developing
Countries:
Interim
Report.
1982.

Laboratory
Evaluation
of Hand--Operated
Water
Pumps for
Use in
Developing
Countries.
1983.

Laboratory
Testing
of Handpumps for
Developing
Countries:
Final
Technical
Report.
1984.
4
Handpumps
Testing
and Development:
Progress
Report
on Field
and Laboratory
Testing.
1984 ,.

Handpumps Testing
and development:
Proceedings
of a Workshop
in
China.
1985.

Handpumps Testing
and Development:
Interim
Results.
Forthcoming.

Handpumps Testing
and Development:
Malawi
Case Study.
Forthcoming.

Handpumps
Testing
and Development:
Handpumps
Compendium.
Forthcoming.

WORLD BANK TECHNICAL
PAPER NUMBER
48

S
ev

Proceedings of a Workshop in China

Gerhard Tschannerl and Kedar Bryan, editors

Workshop on the State of the Art
and Application of Handpumps
and on Water Supply and Sanitation

sponsored by

Ministry of Machine Building Industry, China
United Nations Development Programme
The World Bank

Changsha, China, August 15-21,
1984

The World Bank
Washington, D.C., U.S.A.

Popyright
0
1985
The International
Bank for Reconstruction
and Development
/THE
WORLD BANK

1818 H Street, N.W.
Washington, DC. 20433, U.S.A.

All rights reserved
Manufactured
in the United States of America
First printing
November
1985

This is a document published informally by the World Bank. ln order that the
information
contained in it can be presented with the least possible delay, the
typescript has not been prepared in accordance with the proredures appropriate to
formal printed texts, and the World Bank accepts no responsibility
for errors. The
publication is supplied at a token charge to defray part of the cost of manufacture and
distribution.
The World Bank does not accept responsibility
for the views expressed herein, which
are those of the author(s) and should not be attributed to the World Bank or to its
affiliated organizations. The findings, interpretations,
and conclusions are the results
of research supported by the Bank; they do not necessarily represent official policy of
the Bank. The designations employed, the presentation of material, and any maps used
in this document are solely for the convenience of the reader and do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Bank or its affiliates
concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, area, or of its authorities, or
concerning the delimitation
of its boundaries or national affiliation.
The most recent World Bank publications are described in the annual spring and fall
lists; the continuing
research program is described in the annual Absfruc~s of Current
Sfudies. The latest edition of each is available free of charge from the Publications Sales
Unit, Department T, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, DC. 20433,
U.S.A., or from the European Office of the Bank, 66 avenue d’ICna, 75 116 Paris, France.

Gerhard Tschannerl and Kedar Bryan are senior project officer and editorial assistant,
respectively, with the Appropriate
Technology Unit in the Water Supply and Urban
Development
Department of the World Bank.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication
Data

Workshop
on the
State
of the
Art
and Application
of
Handpumps
and on Water
Supply
and Sanitation
(1984
: Ch'ang-sha
shih,
China)
Handpumps
testing
and development.

(World
Bank technical
paper
; no.
48)
"Workshop
on the
State
of the
Art
and Application
of
Handpumps
and on Water
Supply
and Sanitation
sponsored
by Ministry
of Machine
Building
Industry,
United
Nations
Development
Programme,
[and]
the World
Bank,
Changsha,
Chi.ua,
August
15-21,
1984."
1. Hand pumps --China--Congresses.
2. Water-supply,
Rural--Developing
countries--Congresses.
3. International
Drinking
Water
Supply
and
Sanitation
Decade,
1981-1990--Congresses.
I.
Tscbannerl.
cerhard.
II.
Bryan,
Kedar,
1958-
III.
China.
Lhi
hsieh
kung yeh pu.
IV.
United
Nations
Development
Programme.
V. International
Bank for
Reconstruction
and
Development.
VI.
Title.
VII.
Series.
TJ903.W67
1984
628’ .72
85-22795
ISBN 0-8213-0648-O

ABSTRACT

The United
Nations
has declared
the
1980s the
International
Drinking
Water
Supply
and Sanitation
Decade
(IDWSSD) to address
the
needs
of over
2,000
million
people
in
developing
countries
who lack
adequate
supplies
of safe
water
and sanitation
facilities.
The UNDP/World
Bank Project
for
Laboratory
and Field
Testing
and Technological
Development
of Rural
Water
Supply
Handpumps is
one of the
activities
being
carried
out
as part
of the
Decade.

The objectivs
of the
Project
is
to support
the
global
effort
to provide
reliable
low-cost
water
supply
systems
to serve
those
in
need of adequate
sources
of water
in
rural
and urban
fringe
areas.
Handpumps
installed
in dug
wells
or boreholes
in
areas
where
groundwater
is
avaiiable
provide
one of the
simplest
and least
costly
methods
of supplying
these
areas
with
water.
Emphasis
has been placed
on the
development
of pumps which
are
suitable
for
"Village
Level
Operation
and Maintenance"
(VLOM),
as this
may be the
only
sustainable
and replicable
option
in most regions.

This
report
presents
the
proceedings
of
the
"Workshop
on the State
of the
Art
and Application
of Handpumps
and on Water
Supply
and Sanitation",
held
in
Changsha,
Hunan Province,
People's
Republic
of China,
from August
15 to 21,
1984,
as part
of the
Project's
activities.
The workshop
was sponsored
and
conducted
by the Ministry
of Machine
Building
Industry
of the
Chinese
Government,
the
United
Nations
Development
Programme,
and the
World
Bank.
Funding
for
the workshop
and project
activities
in China
was provided
in
part
by the German Ministry
of Economic
Cooperation
(BLIL) and the German Agency
for
Technical
Cooperation
(GTZ) cf
the Federrl
Republic
of Germany.

This
report
contains
those
papers
submitted
to the Workshop
Secretariat
and presented
by representatives
of developing
countries
and bilateral
and
international
aid
and development
agencies
participating
in
the
Project
activities.
The major
conclusions
of
the workshop
and a short
summary of the
presentations
are
given
in
the
Overview.
The list
of participants
and
workshop
programe
are provided
in
the
annexes.

The report
is
intended
to present
those
activities
,being
conducted
by
select
aid
and development
agencies
and developing
country
governments
as part
of
the
Handpumps Project
so that
other
agenices,
governments
and other
interested
parties
might
benefit
from
their
experiences.

CONTENTS

Preface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..~..............~.......................

Acknowledgements
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..m.......................
xi

1.
INTRGDUCTION AND OVEKVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Welcome--He
Guangyuan,
Vice
Mi~nister
of
the Ministry
of
Building
Industry
. . . . . . ..a.**.............................
Opening
Address--Zhou
L, eng,
‘h
Vice
Governor
of
Uunan Pr.3vince
a.........................e.................
Overview
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..~~.....................

2.
RURAL WATER SUPPLY ?.N CHINA . . . ..c...................*....*....
19

Chinese
Academy of Agricultural
Mechanization
Sciences--
Feng Bingyuan
. . ..*..**.*‘I..*............................
Fujian
Turbine-Pump
Research
Institute--Chen
Zhuo Han . . . . . . . . .
National
Water
Improvement
Action
Committee
and Central
Patriotir
Health
Campaign
Committee--Li
Jiuru
. . . . . . . . . . . .
People's
Government
of Jincheng
City,
Shanxi
Province--
Zhang Shaoxin
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..A.......*................

3.
PROGRAMS IN SELECT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

India-Holenarasipur
V. Krishnaswamy
..........................
51
Ivory
Coast--Anzeni
Djouka
....................................
59
Kenya--Daniel
M. Kirori
.......................................
66
Philippines--Florencio
F. Padernal
............................
78
Sri
Lanka--Kiribanka
B. Boyagoda
..............................
99
Thailand--Chetpan
Karnkaew
....................................
102

4.
SUPPORT ACTIVITIES
OF SELECT BILATEKAL AGENCIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Canada-Linda
J. McDonald
.....................................
121
Federal
Republic
of Germany--Wc:rner
Knipschild
................
128
--Hinrich
Eylers
...................
132
Finland--Kari
Homanen .........................................
138
The Netherlands--Jeep
Blom (presented
by Gert
Jan Born) ........
144
Sweden--Rolf
Winberg
..........................................
154
Switzerland--Armon
Hartmann
...................................
165
United
Kingdom--M.
Brian
Grieveson
............................
168

ix

3

5
7

21
33

39

45

49

119

- viii -

5.
SUPPORT ACTIVITIES
OF INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE AGENCIES . . . . . . .

Consumers'
Association
Testing
and Research--
Kenneth
J. Mills
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*.*.....................
International
Development
Research
Centre--Donald
S. Sharp
. . . .
United
Nations
Children's
Fund--Martin
C. Beyer
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
United
Nations
Children's
Fund,
India--Kenneth
Gray
and
Rupert
Talbot
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*..........e...............
United
Nations
Environment
Programme--Letitia
Obeng ..*........
World
Bank Rural
Water
Supply
Handpumps
Project--Saul
Arlosoroff
and others
. . ..e.................

6.
CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..*..........................

Closing
Address--Zhou
Zheng,
Vice
Governor
of Hunan Province
. . . ..*...........................*......

ANNEX A.
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
.*.......................................

ANNEX B.
PKOGRAM OF WORKSHOP PRESENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...*...

- ix
-

PREFACE

One of
the
activities
of
the
International
Drinking
Water
Supply
and
Sanitation
Decade
is
the
UNDP/World
Bank Project
for
Laboratory
and Field
Testing
and Technological
Development
of Rural
Water
Supply
Handpumps.
As
part
of the
Project's
activities
in
China,
a workshop
on "Handpumps
and Their
Application
in Water
Supply
and Sanitation"
was held
in
and Changsha,
Hunan
Province,
from August
15 to 21,
1984.
All
the
major
assistance
agencies
which
have
contributed
to
the work
of
the
Handpumps Project
were
invited
to send
participants.
In addition,
representatives
from
select
developing
countries
in
which
the Project
is
conducting
field
trials
of handpumps
were
invited
to
attend
the workshop.
However,
not
all
the
countries
and agencies
were able
to
send representatives,
and the
reports
presented
in
this
volume
therefore
constitute
cnly
a sample
of countries
active
in
the
provision
of rural
water
supplies.

Delegates
from
bilateral
and international
assistance
agencies
and
developing
country
governments
discussed
their
work
in
rural
water
supply
schemes
involving
handpumps.
Represented
were
the
governments
of Canada,
the
Federal
Republic
of Germany.,
Finland,
India,
Ivory
Coast,
Kenya,
the
Netherlands,
the
Philippines,
Sri
Lanka,
Sweden,
Switzerland,
Thailand,
and
the United
Kingdom.
International
organizations
included
the World
Bank,
the
United
Nations
Development
Programme
(UNDP),
UNICEF,
the United
Nations
Environmental
Programme
(UNEP) and the
International
Development
Research
Centre
of Canada.
Eighteen
provinces,
municipalities
and autonomous
regions
of China
were also
represented.

The workshop
provided
an opportune
forum
for
a lively
exchange
of views
and experiences
between
the
foreign
and the Chinese
participants.
In
the
words
of a senior
member of the
Chinese
delegation,
the ultimate
goal
of the
jointly
conducted
handpumps
program
in China
is
to develop
a pump that
can
draw water
from
deeper,
more reliable
and cleaner
sources
than
are now
commonly
used in
China.
A second
aim is
to improve
the
quality
and introduce
standardization
of Chinese
pump production,
and to make spare
parts
more
readily
available.
This
program
has led
the Chinese
government
to participate
in
the UNDP/World
Bank Handpumps Project,
under
which
two field
trials
have
been initiated
in
the
Shanxi
and Hunan Provinces
and two pump-testing
laboratories
have
been constructed
in
Beijing
and Changsha.
The governments
of
the Federal
Republic
of Germany
and China
have
contributed
$500,000
each to
the
effort.

The workshop
consisted
of the
presentation
of reports,
discussions
and
visits
to handpump
field
trial
and laboratory
test
sites
in China.
The papers
presented
herein
are
those
submitted
by participants
of the workshop.
Some
papers
have been edited
for
purposes
of claritly
and format.
Those
photographs,
drawings,
and diagrams
which
could
be reproduced
are
also
included
in
the
individual
papers.
The views
included
in
the
papers
are
those
of
the
authors.
The major
conclusions
that
arose
from
the
presentations
and
discussions
are given
in
the Overview,
together
with
a short
summary of the

papers
that
were
presented.
Reports
given
by members of
the
World
tlank
team
are
not
reprinted
here
since
they
are
contained
in
an expanded
form
in
the
latest
progres s report
(Number
4) of the
dandpumps
Project
entitled
Handpumps
Testing
and Development:
Progress
Report
of Field
and Laboratory
Testing.

Cottments
on this
report
are most welcome.

Saul
Arlosoroff,
Chief
Applied
Technology,
WUD
(UNDP Projects
Manager)

- xi
-

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This
report
is
a product
of
the World
Bank-executed
TJNDP INT/81/026
Rural
Water
Supply
Handpumps
Project.
Appreciation
is
therefore
expressed
to the
World
Bank,
DNDP, bilateral
funding
agencies
and Project
Advisory
Committee
for
their
continued
support
and promotion
of
the
Project
activities,
which
i?uve included
the Workshop
on the
State
of the Art
and Application
of
Handpumps and on Water
S11pp1y and Sanitation.

We thank
the Government
of China--in
particular
the Ministry
of Machine
Building
Industry,
the Government
of the
liunan
Province,
and the
Chinese
Academy of Agricultural
Mechanization
Sciences
(CAAMS) for
hosting
the
workshop
from which
these
proceedings
have been taken.
Xc also
express
appreciation
to all
those
individuals
and organizations
from China
and
throughout
the world
who participated
in
the
workshop
and contributed
their
time
and effort
to making
it
a success.
Special
gratitude
must
be expressed
to
the German Ministry
of Economic
Cooperation
(BMZ) and the German Agency
for
Technical
Cooperation
(GTZ) of the Government
of
the Federal
Republic
of
Germany
who provided
a large
portion
of the
funding
for
both
the
Project's
overall
activities
in China
and the workshop.
Last
but
not
least,
we thank
Mr.
SIanfred
Kulessa,
IINDP Resident
Representative
for
China,
Mr.
Albertus
Sissingh,
DNIDG Senior
Industrial
Development
Field
Adviser,
and their
staffs
for
their
support.

The support
of all
these
institutions,
agencies
and individuals
is
gratefully
acknowledged.

SECTION
1

INTRODUCTION
AND OVERVIEW

WELCOME

He Guangyuan
Vice
Minister
Ministry
of Machine
Building
Industry
Beijing,
China

The Ministry
of Machine
Building
Industry
(MMBI)
would
like
to welcome
the
participants
of the
"MMRI/United
Nations
Development
Programme
(LJNDP/World
Bank Workshop
on the State
of
the
Art
and Application
of Handpumps and on
Water
Supply
and Sanitation"
to China.
We look
forward
to exchanging
ideas
and experiences
with
one another
on issues
relating
to drinking
water
supply
and sanitation.

Three-fourths
of the
world's
population
now lack
clean
water
supply
and
adequate
sanitation
facilities.
These
problems
are
being
addressed
by the
International
Drinking
Water
Supply
and Sanitation
Decade
(IDWSSD),
launched
by the
35th
United
Nations
General
Assembly
on November
10,
1980.
The Chinese
Government
is
supporting
the
activities
of
the
Decade through
the
MMBI in
cooperation
with
the
State
Water
Commission.
China
is making
substantial
progress
in
this
area:
the
Government
states
that
approximately
6.6 million
additional
Chinese
benefit
each year
from water
improvement
schemes.

The Government's
participation
in
the
UNDP/World
Bank Rural
Water Supply
Handpumps
Project
reflects
further
efforts
to deal
with
the
country's
water
supply
problems.
Progress
has been made in
both
the
laboratory
tests
being
conducted
by the
Chinese
Academy of Agricultural
Mechanization
Sciences
(CAAMS) and the
field
trials
being
carried
out
in
the Shanxi
and Hunan
Provinces.
These
activities
are
being
funded
in
part
by the Federal
Republic
of Germany through
its
Ministry
of Economic
Cooperation
(BMZ) and Agency
for
Technical
Cooperation
(GTZ).

The activities
of
the
Chinese
Government
during
the
IDWSSD reflect
its
open-door
policy
undertaken
to further
modernize
the
country
and achieve
the
goals
of the Decade.
The Government
believes
that.
the
exchange
of
ideas
and
experiences
with
other
governments
and organizations
around
the world
through
meetings
such as the MMBI/UNDP!World
Bank Workshop
is
one of
the most
effective
methods
of achieving
these
goals.

The Government
of China
wishes
you all
the
success
for
a constructive
meeting
which
will
further
enhance
the
goal
of technology
transfer
and
cooperation
among the
nations
of
the world.